387 research outputs found
Sequential Synthesis of Distributed Controllers for Cascade Interconnected Systems
We consider the problem of designing distributed controllers to ensure
passivity of a large-scale interconnection of linear subsystems connected in a
cascade topology. The control design process needs to be carried out at the
subsystem-level with no direct knowledge of the dynamics of other subsystems in
the interconnection. We present a distributed approach to solve this problem,
where subsystem-level controllers are locally designed in a sequence starting
at one end of the cascade using only the dynamics of the particular subsystem,
coupling with the immediately preceding subsystem and limited information from
the preceding subsystem in the cascade to ensure passivity of the
interconnected system up to that point. We demonstrate that this design
framework also allows for new subsystems to be compositionally added to the
interconnection without requiring redesign of the pre-existing controllers.Comment: Accepted to appear in the proceedings of the American Control
Conference (ACC) 201
Self-organized cyclic patterns in muscles and microscopic swimming
Living cells are self-sustained units of organisms. Within cells the complex interplay of a high amount of proteins and other molecules relies on information that is encoded in the dna. The self-organisation of cellular constituents might play an important role in cellular activity. There is evidence for self-organization in the cytoskeleton of cells where small numbers of interacting proteins create patterns of a higher order. The cytoskeleton of muscles has been shown to exhibit cyclic behaviour and wave patterns in absence of regulatory mechanisms. This thesis provides evidence that the experimental results can be accounted for by the self-organization of cytoskeletal filaments and motor proteins. A microscopic model exposes that the dynamics is excitable. Continuous descriptions of muscles reveal a non-hydrodynamic mode that accounts for wave generation. The phenomenological coefficients can directly be related to microscopic parameters. For this study, the principles that underly spontaneous muscle oscillations are used in a conceptual design of a simple self-driven swimmer at low Reynolds number. The swimmer\u27s motion can self-organize into directed movement by dynamically breaking the swimmer\u27s symmetries.Lebende Zellen sind selbständige Untereinheiten von Organismen. Innerhalb von Zellen beruht das komplexe Wechselspiel einer großen Menge verschiedener Proteinarten und anderer Moleküle auf Informationen die in der DNA kodiert sind. Dabei könnte die Selbstorganisation der Bestandteile von Zellen eine wichtige Rolle in der zellulären Aktivität spielen. Es gibt Hinweise auf selbstorganisierte Prozesse im Zytoskelett von Zellen wobei wenige verschiedenartige Proteine miteinander wechselwirken und Ordnungsstrukturen erzeugen. Im Zytoskelett von Muskeln werden oszillatorische Aktivitäten und Wellenmuster beobachtet, ohne regulatorische Mechanismen. Diese Arbeit findet Hinweise, dass die Selbstorganisation von Filamenten und Motorproteinen des Zytoskeletts die experimentellen Ergebnisse erklären kann. Ein mikroskopisches Model zeigt zudem die Anregbarkeit der Dynamik. In Beschreibungen von Muskeln als kontinuierliches Medium kann eine nicht hydrodynamische Mode identifiziert werden, die für die Wellenphänomene von essentieller Bedeutung ist. Dabei können phänomenologische Koeffizienten mikroskopischen Parametern zugeordnet werden. Die Prinzipien, die zu spontanen Muskeloszillationen führen, werden in einer Konzeptstudie eines einfachen Schwimmers bei kleinen Reynolds-Zahlen genutzt. Die Bewegung des Schwimmers kann sich von selbst in einen Zustand gerichteter Bewegung organisieren indem sie die Symmetrien des Schwimmers dynamisch bricht
Generalized time-reversal symmetry and effective theories for nonequilibrium matter
The past decade has witnessed the development of systematic effective
theories for dissipative thermal systems. Here, we describe an analogous
effective theory framework that applies to the classical stochastic dynamics of
nonequilibrium systems. We illustrate this approach using a range of examples,
including nonreciprocal (predator-prey) dynamics, dissipative and driven
rigid-body motion, and active chiral fluids and solids. Many of these systems
exhibit a generalized time-reversal symmetry, which plays a crucial role within
our formalism, and in many cases can be implemented within the
Martin-Siggia-Rose path integral. This effective theory formalism yields
generalizations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and second law of
thermodynamics valid out of equilibrium. By stipulating a stationary
distribution and a set of symmetries -- rather than postulating the stochastic
equations of motion directly -- this formalism provides an alternative route to
building phenomenological models of driven and active matter. We hope that this
approach facilitates a systematic investigation of the universality classes of
active matter, and provides a common language for nonequilibrium many-body
physics from high energy to condensed matter.Comment: 74 pages, 6 figure
From quantum chaos and eigenstate thermalization to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics
This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), its basis, and its implications to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In the first part, ETH is introduced as a natural extension of ideas from quantum chaos and random matrix theory (RMT). To this end, we present a brief overview of classical and quantum chaos, as well as RMT and some of its most important predictions. The latter include the statistics of energy levels, eigenstate components, and matrix elements of observables. Building on these, we introduce the ETH and show that it allows one to describe thermalization in isolated chaotic systems without invoking the notion of an external bath. We examine numerical evidence of eigenstate thermalization from studies of many-body lattice systems. We also introduce the concept of a quench as a means of taking isolated systems out of equilibrium, and discuss results of numerical experiments on quantum quenches. The second part of the review explores the implications of quantum chaos and ETH to thermodynamics. Basic thermodynamic relations are derived, including the second law of thermodynamics, the fundamental thermodynamic relation, fluctuation theorems, the fluctuation–dissipation relation, and the Einstein and Onsager relations. In particular, it is shown that quantum chaos allows one to prove these relations for individual Hamiltonian eigenstates and thus extend them to arbitrary stationary statistical ensembles. In some cases, it is possible to extend their regimes of applicability beyond the standard thermal equilibrium domain. We then show how one can use these relations to obtain nontrivial universal energy distributions in continuously driven systems. At the end of the review, we briefly discuss the relaxation dynamics and description after relaxation of integrable quantum systems, for which ETH is violated. We present results from numerical experiments and analytical studies of quantum quenches at integrability. We introduce the concept of the generalized Gibbs ensemble and discuss its connection with ideas of prethermalization in weakly interacting systems.This work was supported by the Army Research Office [grant number W911NF1410540] (L.D., A.P, and M.R.), the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation [grant number 2010318] (Y.K. and A.P.), the Israel Science Foundation [grant number 1156/13] (Y.K.), the National Science Foundation [grant numbers DMR-1506340 (A.P.)and PHY-1318303 (M.R.)], the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [grant number FA9550-13-1-0039] (A.P.), and the Office of Naval Research [grant number N000141410540] (M.R.). The computations were performed in the Institute for CyberScience at Penn State. (W911NF1410540 - Army Research Office; 2010318 - U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation; 1156/13 - Israel Science Foundation; DMR-1506340 - National Science Foundation; PHY-1318303 - National Science Foundation; FA9550-13-1-0039 - Air Force Office of Scientific Research; N000141410540 - Office of Naval Research)Accepted manuscrip
Non-Hermitian Topological Magnonics
Dissipation in mechanics, optics, acoustics, and electronic circuits is
nowadays recognized to be not always detrimental but can be exploited to
achieve non-Hermitian topological phases or properties with functionalities for
potential device applications. As elementary excitations of ordered magnetic
moments that exist in various magnetic materials, magnons are the information
carriers in magnonic devices with low-energy consumption for reprogrammable
logic, non-reciprocal communication, and non-volatile memory functionalities.
Non-Hermitian topological magnonics deals with the engineering of dissipation
and/or gain for non-Hermitian topological phases or properties in magnets that
are not achievable in the conventional Hermitian scenario, with associated
functionalities cross-fertilized with their electronic, acoustic, optic, and
mechanic counterparts, such as giant enhancement of magnonic frequency combs,
magnon amplification, (quantum) sensing of the magnetic field with
unprecedented sensitivity, magnon accumulation, and perfect absorption of
microwaves. In this review article, we address the unified approach in
constructing magnonic non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, introduce the basic
non-Hermitian topological physics, and provide a comprehensive overview of the
recent theoretical and experimental progress towards achieving distinct
non-Hermitian topological phases or properties in magnonic devices, including
exceptional points, exceptional nodal phases, non-Hermitian magnonic SSH model,
and non-Hermitian skin effect. We emphasize the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian
approach based on the Lindbladian or self-energy of the magnonic subsystem but
address the physics beyond it as well, such as the crucial quantum jump effect
in the quantum regime and non-Markovian dynamics. We provide a perspective for
future opportunities and challenges before concluding this article.Comment: 101 pages, 35 figure
Roadmap on multimode light shaping
Our ability to generate new distributions of light has been remarkably enhanced in recent years. At the most fundamental level, these light patterns are obtained by ingeniously combining different electromagnetic modes. Interestingly, the modal superposition occurs in the spatial, temporal as well as spatio-temporal domain. This generalized concept of structured light is being applied across the entire spectrum of optics: generating classical and quantum states of light, harnessing linear and nonlinear light-matter interactions, and advancing applications in microscopy, spectroscopy, holography, communication, and synchronization. This Roadmap highlights the common roots of these different techniques and thus establishes links between research areas that complement each other seamlessly. We provide an overview of all these areas, their backgrounds, current research, and future developments. We highlight the power of multimodal light manipulation and want to inspire new eclectic approaches in this vibrant research community.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe
- …