The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

TRACEABILITY OF FOUR EUROPEAN PROTECTED GEOGRAPHIC INDICATION (PGI) BEEF PRODUCTS USING SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNP) AND BAYESIAN STATISTICS

The use of SNPs in combination with Bayesian statistics for the geographic traceability of cattle were evaluated using a dataset comprising 24 breeds from Italy,France,Spain, Denmark, the Netherlands,Switzerland and UK genotyped with 90 polymorphic markers. The percentage of correct assignment of the individuals to their Country of origin was 90%, with an average assignment probability of 93% and an average specificity of 92%. The higher value was observed for UK breeds (97% of correct assignment) while Swiss animals were the most difficult to allocate (77% of correct assignment). Tracing of Protected Geographic Indication (PGI) products, the approach correctly assigned 100% of Guaranteed Pure Highland Beef; 97% of “Vitellone dell’Appennino Centrale” breeds; 84% of Ternera de Navarra, and 80% of Boeuf de Chalosse. Methods to verify Products of Designated Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographic Indication (PGI) products will help to protect regional foods and promote the economic growth of marginal rural areas by encouraging the product on of high quality niche market foods

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : first spectroscopic data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in 2014 July. It pursues three core programs: the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2), Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA), and the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). As well as its core program, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS). This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13). DR13 makes publicly available the first 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing the Sloan Extended QUasar, Emission-line galaxy, Luminous red galaxy Survey (SEQUELS), which also targeted variability-selected objects and X-ray-selected objects. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification, and new reductions of the SDSS-III APOGEE-1 data, improving stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. DR13 provides more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Value-added target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE are also available. This paper describes the location and format of the data and provides references to important technical papers. The SDSS web site, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials, examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ∼6 yr operations of SDSS-IV

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in 2014 July. It pursues three core programs: the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2), Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA), and the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). As well as its core program, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS). This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13). DR13 makes publicly available the first 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing the Sloan Extended QUasar, Emission-line galaxy, Luminous red galaxy Survey (SEQUELS), which also targeted variability-selected objects and X-ray-selected objects. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification, and new reductions of the SDSS-III APOGEE-1 data, improving stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. DR13 provides more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Value-added target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE are also available. This paper describes the location and format of the data and provides references to important technical papers. The SDSS web site, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials, examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6 yr operations of SDSS-IV

Optimization in code generation to reduce energy consumption

Dissertação de mestrado em Computer ScienceIn recent years we have witnessed a great technological advance accompanied by an equally impressive increase in energy consumption, causing problems of both financial and environmental order. In order to counteract this tendency, Green Computing emerges with a number of measures for a more efficient use of computing resources without a great loss of performance. This essay is a study of several elements of Information Technology analyzed from the point of view of energy efficiency. With special emphasis on microprocessors, modern compiler design, development tools and optimization of code generation, a wide range of information is gathered on very relevant subjects through perspectives still not very considered by the community in general. Also presented are two experimental studies that analyze the optimization of generated code for a set of benchmark programs in several programming languages with the aim of apraise the otimization impact on improving their energy consumption efficiency. A software measurement framework was also developed that, together with the methodologies presented in both studies, allows obtaining very precise and pertinent results for analysis. Finally, a ranking was produced for 18 development tools, considering the execution time and energy consumption of the executables generated through their compilation profiles. This study also intends to contribute to an energy efficient technological advancement. All the work developed here may also serve as motivation so that these and other aspects of Information Technology may be seen through a greener perspective.Nos últimos anos temos assistido a um grande avanço tecnológico acompanhado por um aumento igualmente impressionante do consumo energético, provocando problemas quer de ordem financeira quer de ordem ambiental. Com o intuito de contrariar essa tendência, surge o Green Computing com várias medidas para uma utilização mais eficiente dos recursos computacionais sem grande perda de performance. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo relativo a diversos elementos das Tecnologias de Informação analisados do ponto de vista da eficiência energética. Com especial destaque para microprocessadores, conceção moderna dos compiladores atuais, ferramentas de desenvolvimento e geração de código otimizado, é aqui reunida uma vasta gama de informação sobre assuntos bastante relevantes segundo perspetivas ainda pouco consideradas pela comunidade em geral. São também apresentados dois estudos experimentais que analisam a otimização do código gerado para um conjunto de programas benchmarks em várias linguagens de programação com o objetivo de compreender o impacto das otimizações no sentido de melhorar a eficiência energética dos programas compilados. Foi também desenvolvida uma framework de medição por software que em conjunto com as metodologias apresentadas em ambos os estudos permite a obtenção de resultados bastante precisos e pertinentes de análise. Por último é elaborado um ranking para 18 ferramentas de desenvolvimento considerando o tempo de execução e consumo energético dos executáveis gerados através dos seus perfis de compilação. Este estudo pretende assim contribuir para um avanço tecnológico energeticamente mais eficiente. Que todo o trabalho aqui desenvolvido possa também ele servir de motivação para que estes e outros aspetos das Tecnologias de Informação possam ser vistos através de uma perspetiva mais ecológica.This work is funded by the ERDF through the Programme COMPETE and by the Portuguese Government through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, within projects: FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-020484, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022701, and grant ref. BI4-2014 GreenSSCM-38973 UMINHO

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.Peer reviewe