52,410 research outputs found
Task-specific Word Identification from Short Texts Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Task-specific word identification aims to choose the task-related words that
best describe a short text. Existing approaches require well-defined seed words
or lexical dictionaries (e.g., WordNet), which are often unavailable for many
applications such as social discrimination detection and fake review detection.
However, we often have a set of labeled short texts where each short text has a
task-related class label, e.g., discriminatory or non-discriminatory, specified
by users or learned by classification algorithms. In this paper, we focus on
identifying task-specific words and phrases from short texts by exploiting
their class labels rather than using seed words or lexical dictionaries. We
consider the task-specific word and phrase identification as feature learning.
We train a convolutional neural network over a set of labeled texts and use
score vectors to localize the task-specific words and phrases. Experimental
results on sentiment word identification show that our approach significantly
outperforms existing methods. We further conduct two case studies to show the
effectiveness of our approach. One case study on a crawled tweets dataset
demonstrates that our approach can successfully capture the
discrimination-related words/phrases. The other case study on fake review
detection shows that our approach can identify the fake-review words/phrases.Comment: accepted by Intelligent Data Analysis, an International Journa
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The role of HG in the analysis of temporal iteration and interaural correlation
Transfer Effect of Speech-sound Learning on Auditory-motor Processing of Perceived Vocal Pitch Errors
Speech perception and production are intimately linked. There is evidence that speech motor learning results in changes to auditory processing of speech. Whether speech motor control benefits from perceptual learning in speech, however, remains unclear. This event-related potential study investigated whether speech-sound learning can modulate the processing of feedback errors during vocal pitch regulation. Mandarin speakers were trained to perceive five Thai lexical tones while learning to associate pictures with spoken words over 5 days. Before and after training, participants produced sustained vowel sounds while they heard their vocal pitch feedback unexpectedly perturbed. As compared to the pre-training session, the magnitude of vocal compensation significantly decreased for the control group, but remained consistent for the trained group at the post-training session. However, the trained group had smaller and faster N1 responses to pitch perturbations and exhibited enhanced P2 responses that correlated significantly with their learning performance. These findings indicate that the cortical processing of vocal pitch regulation can be shaped by learning new speech-sound associations, suggesting that perceptual learning in speech can produce transfer effects to facilitating the neural mechanisms underlying the online monitoring of auditory feedback regarding vocal production
Smell's puzzling discrepancy: Gifted discrimination, yet pitiful identification
Mind &Language, Volume 35, Issue 1, Page 90-114, February 2020
An Investigation of the Effects of Categorization and Discrimination Training on Auditory Perceptual Space
Psychophysical phenomena such as categorical perception and the perceptual magnet effect indicate that our auditory perceptual spaces are warped for some stimuli. This paper investigates the effects of two different kinds of training on auditory perceptual space. It is first shown that categorization training, in which subjects learn to identify stimuli within a particular frequency range as members of the same category, can lead to a decrease in sensitivity to stimuli in that category. This phenomenon is an example of acquired similarity and apparently has not been previously demonstrated for a category-relevant dimension. Discrimination training with the same set of stimuli was shown to have the opposite effect: subjects became more sensitive to differences in the stimuli presented during training. Further experiments investigated some of the conditions that are necessary to generate the acquired similarity found in the first experiment. The results of these experiments are used to evaluate two neural network models of the perceptual magnet effect. These models, in combination with our experimental results, are used to generate an experimentally testable hypothesis concerning changes in the brain's auditory maps under different training conditions.Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the National institutes of Deafness and other Communication Disorders (R29 02852); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620-98-1-0108
Generating Synthetic Data for Neural Keyword-to-Question Models
Search typically relies on keyword queries, but these are often semantically
ambiguous. We propose to overcome this by offering users natural language
questions, based on their keyword queries, to disambiguate their intent. This
keyword-to-question task may be addressed using neural machine translation
techniques. Neural translation models, however, require massive amounts of
training data (keyword-question pairs), which is unavailable for this task. The
main idea of this paper is to generate large amounts of synthetic training data
from a small seed set of hand-labeled keyword-question pairs. Since natural
language questions are available in large quantities, we develop models to
automatically generate the corresponding keyword queries. Further, we introduce
various filtering mechanisms to ensure that synthetic training data is of high
quality. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using both automatic
and manual evaluation. This is an extended version of the article published
with the same title in the Proceedings of ICTIR'18.Comment: Extended version of ICTIR'18 full paper, 11 page
Investigating the effect of long-term musical experience on the auditory processing skills of young Maltese adults
Learning and practising a musical instrument has
recently been thought to âtrainâ the brain into processing sound
in a more refined manner.As a result, musicians experiencing
consistent exposure to musical practice have been suspected
to have superior auditory processing skills. This study aimed
to investigate this phenomenon within the Maltese context,
by testing two cohorts of young Maltese adults. Participants
in the musician cohort experienced consistent musical training
throughout their lifetime, while those in the non-musician
cohort did not have a history of musical training. A total of
24 Maltese speakers (14 musicians and 10 non-musicians) of
ages ranging between 19 and 31 years were tested for Frequency
Discrimination (FD), Duration Discrimination (DD), Temporal
Resolution (TR) and speech-in-noise recognition. The main
outcomes yielded by each cohort were compared and analysed
statistically. In comparison to the non-musician cohort, the
musicians performed in a slightly better manner throughout
testing. Statistical superiority was surprisingly only present in
the FD test. Although musicians displayed a degree of superiority
in performance on the other tests, differences in mean scores
were not statistically significant. The results yielded by this investigation
are to a degree coherent with implications of previous
research, in that the effect of long-term musical experience on
the trained cohort manifested itself in a slight superiority in performance
on auditory processing tasks. However, this difference
in scoring was not prominent enough to be statistically significant.peer-reviewe
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