111 research outputs found

    Optimizing and Translating LSP texts

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    The Systematic Development of Wiegand's Metalexicography as Demonstrated in 'Kleine Schriften'

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    This review article deals with the contents of the publication Kleine Schriften, a selection of articles written by Herbert Ernst Wiegand and compiled by Matthias Kammerer and Werner Wolski. It purports to illustrate the topics with which Wiegand engaged himself over the years, and his gradual development over a span of thirty years. Wiegand has written on many topics, but in this article mainly two aspects are discussed. Firstly, Wiegand's spelling out of an "actional-semantic approach" to lexicography is explained. He investigates the works of many authors, sometimes drawing on them, and sometimes refuting their arguments. Secondly, Wiegand's construction of a detailed text theory for lexicographical texts is discussed. Wiegand is one of the most important theoretical lexicographers of our time, and his suggestions towards metalexicographical terminology and distinctions form an essential part of present-day lexicographical practices and planning across the world. Keywords: actional-semantic approach, dictionary research, metalexicography, semantics, text theory, unusual texts, usual text

    Methods in Lexicography and Dictionary Research

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    Methods are used in every stage of dictionary-making and in every scientific analysis which is carried out in the field of dictionary research. This article presents some general considerations on methods in philosophy of science, gives an overview of many methods used in linguistics, in lexicography, dictionary research as well as of the areas these methods are applied in.Keywords: Scientific methods, lexicographical methods, theory, meta-lexicography, dictionary research, practical lexicography, lexico-graphical process, systematic dictionary research, critical dictionary research, historical dictionary research, research on dictionary us

    La traduzione specializzata come strumento di crescita internazionale: strategie e tecniche per superare le barriere interculturali. Il case study di Nav System a Chillventa Nürnberg.

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    Il presente elaborato finale è parte del progetto “Language Toolkit, le lingue straniere al servizio dell’internazionalizzazione d’impresa”, frutto della collaborazione del Dipartimento di Interpretazione e Traduzione dell’Università di Bologna con la Camera di Commercio della Romagna, e ha lo scopo di dimostrare la fondamentale importanza del ruolo dell’esperto linguistico nel processo di internazionalizzazione delle piccole e medie imprese italiane. Per fare ciò, si analizza, a livello teorico e pratico, il tirocinio svolto dalla laureanda presto l’azienda del cesenate Nav System S.p.A., le traduzioni in tedesco dei cataloghi aziendali e la partecipazione alla fiera Chillventa, per gli esperti del settore della coibentazione. L’elaborato è diviso in cinque capitoli, ognuno dei quali tratta un aspetto fondamentale del progetto. Nel primo capitolo, viene presentato il progetto, l’azienda e le caratteristiche dell’incarico di traduzione, inquadrando il concetto di lingue speciali e traduzione tecnica e presentando il tema controverso della traduzione in lingua L2, che, nel caso del presente elaborato, è il tedesco. Nel secondo capitolo, vengono illustrati i concetti chiave del marketing fieristico, per poi procedere all’analisi del case study rappresentato dalla fiera Chillventa, a Norimberga. Gli ultimi tre capitoli, poi, sono dedicati ad una panoramica più tecnica sul processo traduttivo, e in particolare: il terzo tratta il tema dell’analisi testuale e del modello di Nord, cui si è fatto riferimento nell’analisi dei testi tradotti; il quarto introduce le tecnologie e i software di traduzione di cui si è fatto uso; il quinto, infine, presenta e motiva le scelte traduttive compiute

    Uncertainty in deliberate lexical interventions

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    Language managers in their different forms (language planners, terminologists, professional neologists …) have long tried to intervene in the lexical usage of speakers, with various degrees of success: Some of their lexical items (partly) penetrate language use, others do not. Based on electronic networks of practice of the Esperanto speech community, Mélanie Maradan establishes the foundation for a new method to extract speakers’ opinions on lexical items from text corpora. The method is intended as a tool for language managers to detect and explore in context the reasons why speakers might accept or reject lexical items. Mélanie Maradan holds a master’s degree in translation and terminology from the University of Geneva/Switzerland as well as a joint doctoral degree in multilingual information processing and philosophy (Dr. phil.) from the universities of Geneva and Hildesheim/Germany. Her research interests include planned languages (Esperanto studies) as well as neology and corpus linguistics. She works as a professional translator and terminologist in Switzerland

    Якісна мовна освіта у сучасному глобалізованому світі: тенденції, виклики, перспективи

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    До збірника матеріалів увійшли доповіді учасників І Всеукраїнської науково-практичної конференції «Якісна мовна освіта у сучасному глобалізованому світі: тенденції, виклики, перспективи» – платформи обміну досвідом та думками фахівців, які розробляють методологічні засади сучасної мовної політики в Україні та реалізують їх у практичному контексті навчання мов у школах та вищих навчальних закладах

    Wortschatz: Theorie, Empirie, Dokumentation

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    Our traditional understanding of the lexicon has been changed by recent attention to the demarcation between grammar and the lexicon, increased attention to the phenomena of variance, the observation of quantitative divisions between lexical phenomena in large text corpora, and the development of Internet lexicographic formats. The volume explores the phenomena shaping these changes in order to describe current lexicological theory and practice

    Optimizing scientific communication : the role of relative clauses as markers of complexity in English and German scientific writing between 1650 and 1900

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    The aim of this thesis is to show that both scientific English and German have become increasingly optimized for scientific communication from 1650 to 1900 by adapting the usage of relative clauses as markers of grammatical complexity. While the lexico-grammatical changes in terms of features and their frequency distribution in scientific writing during this period are well documented, in the present work we are interested in the underlying factors driving these changes and how they affect efficient scientific communication. As the scientific register emerges and evolves, it continuously adapts to the changing communicative needs posed by extra-linguistic pressures arising from the scientific community and its achievements. We assume that, over time, scientific language maintains communicative efficiency by balancing lexico-semantic expansion with a reduction in (lexico-)grammatical complexity on different linguistic levels. This is based on the idea that linguistic complexity affects processing difficulty and, in turn, communicative efficiency. To achieve optimization, complexity is adjusted on the level of lexico-grammar, which is related to expectation-based processing cost, and syntax, which is linked to working memory-based processing cost. We conduct five corpus-based studies comparing English and German scientific writing to general language. The first two investigate the development of relative clauses in terms of lexico-grammar, measuring the paradigmatic richness and syntagmatic predictability of relativizers as indicators of expectation-based processing cost. The results confirm that both levels undergo a reduction in complexity over time. The other three studies focus on the syntactic complexity of relative clauses, investigating syntactic intricacy, locality, and accessibility. Results show that intricacy and locality decrease, leading to lower grammatical complexity and thus mitigating memory-based processing cost. However, accessibility is not a factor of complexity reduction over time. Our studies reveal a register-specific diachronic complexity reduction in scientific language both in lexico-grammar and syntax. The cross-linguistic comparison shows that English is more advanced in its register-specific development while German lags behind due to a later establishment of the vernacular as a language of scientific communication.This work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project-ID 232722074 – SFB 110
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