A study of patients discharged improved who returned for further treatment to the Veterans Administration Mental Hygiene Clinic.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

In the Beginning...Phylogeny in Freud\u27s Overview of the Transference Neuroses: A Review-Essay

A PHYLOGENETIC FANTASY I. Grubrich-Simitis, editor A. Hoffer and P. T. Hoffer, translators Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 198

Of animals and men: contrasting approaches to the study of animal behavior disorders in America (1930-1950)

A partir de los estudios de H.S. Liddell, los experimentos sobre los trastornos de conducta en animales suscitaron un gran interés en Estados Unidos durante el periodo comprendido entre 1930 y 1950. Aunque estos estudios se realizaron principalmente con especies no humanas, la concesión de prestigiosos premios científicos a algunas de estas investigaciones abrió camino a la convicción de que la revolución del laboratorio acabaría llegando a la psicopatología. En este trabajo vamos a explorar los diferentes enfoques en el estudio del comportamiento animal anormal que llevaron a cabo H. S. Liddell, W. H. Gantt, N. R. Maier, y J. H. Masserman. Con el fin de comprender el significado de estos programas de investigación, centraremos nuestro análisis no sólo en las metodologías y constructos teóricos divergentes propuestos para explicar estos fenómenos, sino que también analizaremos algunos de los argumentos convergentes que se utilizaron para justificar la pertinencia de estos estudios animales para la comprensión de la psicopatología humana, como por ejemplo la similitud observada entre los síntomas de los animales experimentales y los síntomas observados en las bajas psiquiátricas durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.Starting from the studies of H. S. Liddell, the experiments on behaviour disorders in animals encouraged a great deal of interest during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s in the United States. Even though these studies were mainly carried out with non-human animals, the awarding of prestigious scientific prizes to some of these investigations paved the way to the conviction that the laboratory revolution would reach to Psychopathology. In this paper, we will explore the contrasting approaches to the study of abnormal behaviour in animals carried out by H. S. Liddell, W. H. Gantt, Norman R. Maier, and Jules Masserman. In order to understand the significance of these research programs, we will focus our analysis not only in the divergent methodologies and theoretical constructs proposed to explain these phenomena, but also in some of the convergent arguments used to justify the relevance of these animal studies for the understanding of human psychopathology –i.e. the observed similarity between the symptoms of the experimental animals and the human patients, with special reference to the symptoms observed in the psychiatric casualties during the World War II

From the Shell-shocked Soldier to the Nervous Child: Psychoanalysis in the Aftermath of the First World War

This article investigates the development of child analysis in Britain between the wars, as the anxious child succeeded the shell-shocked soldier as a focus of psychoanalytic enquiry. Historians of psychoanalysis tend to regard the Second World War as a key moment in the discovery of the ‘war within’ the child, but it was in the aftermath of the First War that the warring psyche of the child was observed and elaborated. The personal experience of war and its aftermath, and the attention given to regression in the treatment of war neuroses, encouraged Melanie Klein, Anna Freud and others to turn their attention to children. At the same time, however, the impact of the First World War as a traumatic event, with inter-generational consequences, remained largely unaccounted for within psychoanalysis as Klein and others focused on the child's riven internal world

Historical Roots of Histrionic Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder is one of the most ambiguous diagnostic categories in psychiatry. Hysteria is a classical term that includes a wide variety of psychopathological states. Ancient Egyptians and Greeks blamed a displaced womb, for many women's afflictions. Several researchers from the 18th and 19th centuries studied this theme, namely, Charcot who defined hysteria as a "neurosis" with an organic basis and Sigmund Freud who redefined "neurosis" as a re-experience of past psychological trauma. Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) made its first official appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders II (DSM-II) and since the DSM-III, HPD is the only disorder that kept the term derived from the old concept of hysteria. The subject of hysteria has reflected positions about health, religion and relationships between the sexes in the last 4000 years, and the discussion is likely to continue

Who is mentally ill? Psychiatry and the Individual in the Interwar Period in Germany

Sixteen nations were involved in the First World War with over 65 million soldiers in active service and nearly one million soldiers suffered, according to medical documentation, from psychic consequences of war. The authors are historians who analyzed historical sources and present psychic consequences of the First World War from two aspects: on the one hand, from the viewpoint of German psychiatry, which denied the vulnerability of the human psyche; on the other hand, from the viewpoint of an individual (Hungarian politician, Loránt Hegedüs), who was an inpatient of an elegant Berlin sanatorium between 1921 and 1924 and argued critically against war. The question posed by the title, Who is mentally ill? will be examined. Norms can also be insane if they do not serve man but instead they are inhuman. How do people react to these expectations? The normative order of the state and of psychiatry expected soldiers to die a heroic death for the nation and stigmatized “weaklings” as “abnormal”. Hegedüs, the Hungarian minister of finance was faced with the issue of normality as he failed with his financial program in 1921, in other words he “collapsed” under the weight of responsibility for the nation. Researching these social phenomenon adds to our understanding in the history of Central European societies

The Pavlov Department of Physiology: A Scientific History

Se sigue la aventura científica del Departamento de Fisiología Ivan Pavlov desde los trabajos pioneros de Pavlov y sus discípulos sobre la “salivación psíquica” hasta los tiempos de la Estación Biológica de Koltushi. Se describe el desarrollo del Departamento tras la muerte de Pavlov y se comentan las líneas de investigación de los actuales laboratorios (Neurobiología de las Funciones Integradoras del Cerebro, Psicofisiología de las Emociones y Corrección Neurodinámica de la Patología Psiconeurológica).The scientific adventure of the Ivan Pavlov Department of Physiology is traced from Pavlov’s and his students pioneer work on “psychic salivation” to the times of the Biological Station at Koltushi. The development of the Department after Pavlov’s death is described and the research trends of the three present laboratories (Neurobiology of Integrative Brain Functions, Psychophysiology of Emotions, and Neurodynamic Correction of Psycho Neurological Pathology) are discussed

On leadership, continuity, and the common good

The public interest. The public good. The common good. All these terms describe ways of thinking about our collective selves and our shared interests that transcend our memberships of such groups as families, teams, and workplaces that typically inform our understanding of who we are and pattern our expectations and experience of the social world. Whereas groups such as these are ‘concrete’ in the sense that we interact with many of the members of these groups, know the group’s defining features, and can recognise exemplary members, the community of individual citizens to whom concepts like the public good apply is more abstract. Indeed, we know such communities not through direct face-to- face interaction with their members but rather indirectly, through our imaginations. It is not for nothing that Benedict Anderson (1983) described such collective, temporally continuous entities as ‘imagined communities’. In this article, I explore the idea that certain of our current cultural ideals and practices may be inimical to our ability to imagine and experience ourselves as members of these imagined, enduring communities. In particular, I explore the idea that in our prevailing culture of flux, impermanence, and uncertainty, characterised by Bauman (2012) as ‘liquid’ modernity, we have fallen out of the habit of thinking about our ourselves as members of an imagined community of citizens with common interests who act with collective purpose in the service of these interests. Given that the type of imagined community necessary to overcome the kinds of problems that deform the public good is precisely the type of collective identity that is neither valorised nor cultivated in liquid modernity, we find ourselves less capable of acting in concert with one another to enhance the public good than we ideally should be. Notwithstanding this state of affairs, it affords us an opportunity to re-imagine the common good and to enact, entrench and expand the practice of leadership in its service