Equitable colorings of Kronecker products of graphs

AbstractFor a positive integer k, a graph G is equitably k-colorable if there is a mapping f:V(G)→{1,2,…,k} such that f(x)≠f(y) whenever xy∈E(G) and ||f−1(i)|−|f−1(j)||≤1 for 1≤i<j≤k. The equitable chromatic number of a graph G, denoted by χ=(G), is the minimum k such that G is equitably k-colorable. The equitable chromatic threshold of a graph G, denoted by χ=∗(G), is the minimum t such that G is equitably k-colorable for k≥t. The current paper studies equitable chromatic numbers of Kronecker products of graphs. In particular, we give exact values or upper bounds on χ=(G×H) and χ=∗(G×H) when G and H are complete graphs, bipartite graphs, paths or cycles

On Products and Line Graphs of Signed Graphs, their Eigenvalues and Energy

In this article we examine the adjacency and Laplacian matrices and their eigenvalues and energies of the general product (non-complete extended $p$-sum, or NEPS) of signed graphs. We express the adjacency matrix of the product in terms of the Kronecker matrix product and the eigenvalues and energy of the product in terms of those of the factor signed graphs. For the Cartesian product we characterize balance and compute expressions for the Laplacian eigenvalues and Laplacian energy. We give exact results for those signed planar, cylindrical and toroidal grids which are Cartesian products of signed paths and cycles. We also treat the eigenvalues and energy of the line graphs of signed graphs, and the Laplacian eigenvalues and Laplacian energy in the regular case, with application to the line graphs of signed grids that are Cartesian products and to the line graphs of all-positive and all-negative complete graphs.Comment: 30 page

The super-connectivity of Johnson graphs

For positive integers $n,k$ and $t$, the uniform subset graph $G(n, k, t)$ has all $k$-subsets of $\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ as vertices and two $k$-subsets are joined by an edge if they intersect at exactly $t$ elements. The Johnson graph $J(n,k)$ corresponds to $G(n,k,k-1)$, that is, two vertices of $J(n,k)$ are adjacent if the intersection of the corresponding $k$-subsets has size $k-1$. A super vertex-cut of a connected graph is a set of vertices whose removal disconnects the graph without isolating a vertex and the super-connectivity is the size of a minimum super vertex-cut. In this work, we fully determine the super-connectivity of the family of Johnson graphs $J(n,k)$ for $n\geq k\geq 1$

Symmetric L-graphs

In this paper we characterize symmetric L-graphs, which are either Kronecker products of two cycles or Gaussian graphs. Vertex symmetric networks have the property that the communication load is uniformly distributed on all the vertices so that there is no point of congestion. A stronger notion of symmetry, edge symmetry, requires that every edge in the graph looks the same. Such property ensures that the communication load is uniformly distributed over all the communication links, so that there is no congestion at any link.Peer Reviewe

Spectra of weighted rooted graphs having prescribed subgraphs at some levels

Let B be a weighted generalized Bethe tree of k levels (k > 1) in which nj is the number of vertices at the level k-j+1 (1 ≤ j ≤ k). Let Δ \subset {1, 2,., k-1} and F={Gj:j \in Δ}, where Gj is a prescribed weighted graph on each set of children of B at the level k-j+1. In this paper, the eigenvalues of a block symmetric tridiagonal matrix of order n1+n2 +...+nk are characterized as the eigenvalues of symmetric tridiagonal matrices of order j, 1≤j≤k, easily constructed from the degrees of the vertices, the weights of the edges, and the eigenvalues of the matrices associated to the family of graphs F. These results are applied to characterize the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix, including their multiplicities, of the graph β(F) obtained from β and all the graphs in F={Gj:j \in Δ}; and also of the signless Laplacian and adjacency matrices whenever the graphs of the family F are regular.CIDMAFCTFEDER/POCI 2010PTDC/MAT/112276/2009Fondecyt - IC Project 11090211Fondecyt Regular 110007