What Web Template Extractor Should I Use? A Benchmarking and Comparison for Five Template Extractors

"© ACM, 2019. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in PUBLICATION, {VOL 13, ISS 2, (APR 2019)} http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3316810"[EN] A Web template is a resource that implements the structure and format of a website, making it ready for plugging content into already formatted and prepared pages. For this reason, templates are one of the main development resources for website engineers, because they increase productivity. Templates are also useful for the final user, because they provide uniformity and a common look and feel for all webpages. However, from the point of view of crawlers and indexers, templates are an important problem, because templates usually contain irrelevant information, such as advertisements, menus, and banners. Processing and storing this information leads to a waste of resources (storage space, bandwidth, etc.). It has been measured that templates represent between 40% and 50% of data on the Web. Therefore, identifying templates is essential for indexing tasks. There exist many techniques and tools for template extraction, but, unfortunately, it is not clear at all which template extractor should a user/system use, because they have never been compared, and because they present different (complementary) features such as precision, recall, and efficiency. In this work, we compare the most advanced template extractors. We implemented and evaluated five of the most advanced template extractors in the literature. To compare all of them, we implemented a workbench, where they have been integrated and evaluated. Thanks to this workbench, we can provide a fair empirical comparison of all methods using the same benchmarks, technology, implementation language, and evaluation criteria.This work has been partially supported by the EU (FEDER) and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades/AEI under grant TIN2016-76843-C4-1-R and by the Generalitat Valenciana under grants PROMETEO-II/2015/013 (SmartLogic) and Prometeo/2019/098 (DeepTrust).Alarte, J.; Silva, J.; Tamarit Muñoz, S. (2019). What Web Template Extractor Should I Use? A Benchmarking and Comparison for Five Template Extractors. ACM Transactions on the Web. 13(2):9:1-9:19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3316810S9:19:19132Alarte, J., Insa, D., Silva, J., & Tamarit, S. (2015). TeMex. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web - WWW ’15 Companion. doi:10.1145/2740908.2742835Julián Alarte David Insa Josep Silva and Salvador Tamarit. 2016. Site-Level Web Template Extraction Based on DOM Analysis. 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Design thinking support: information systems versus reasoning

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Knowledge formalization in experience feedback processes : an ontology-based approach

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Numerical Bayesian state assignment for a three-level quantum system. I. Absolute-frequency data; constant and Gaussian-like priors

This paper offers examples of concrete numerical applications of Bayesian quantum-state-assignment methods to a three-level quantum system. The statistical operator assigned on the evidence of various measurement data and kinds of prior knowledge is computed partly analytically, partly through numerical integration (in eight dimensions) on a computer. The measurement data consist in absolute frequencies of the outcomes of N identical von Neumann projective measurements performed on N identically prepared three-level systems. Various small values of N as well as the large-N limit are considered. Two kinds of prior knowledge are used: one represented by a plausibility distribution constant in respect of the convex structure of the set of statistical operators; the other represented by a Gaussian-like distribution centred on a pure statistical operator, and thus reflecting a situation in which one has useful prior knowledge about the likely preparation of the system. In a companion paper the case of measurement data consisting in average values, and an additional prior studied by Slater, are considered.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures. V2: Added an important note concerning cylindrical algebraic decomposition and thanks to P B Slater, corrected some typos, added reference