Swim Instructor Beliefs About Toddler and Pre-School Swimming and Water Safety Education

To study the teacher component of the parent-teacher-learner triad in preschool aquatics and explore compatibility of instructor messages with current drowning prevention beliefs, 133 preschool aquatics instructors were surveyed. Instructors with basic swim teacher accreditation and those with a preschool/infant instructor extension (“Extension”) were compared. More Extension instructors selected “safety” as an important outcome (χ2 = 7.907, df = 3, p = 0.048). Both instructor groups considered parental education important but Extension instructors held this view more strongly. Disturbingly, more Extension instructors disagreed that increased toddler confidence following lessons necessitates greater supervision around water (χ2 = 4.141, df = 1, p = 0.042). To avoid such messages, instructor education should place even greater emphasis on close and constant adult supervision and counter the misconception that early age lessons protect children from drowning

Toddler Drowning Prevention: Teaching Parents About Child CPR in Conjunction With Their Child’s In-Water Lessons

The purpose of the study was to develop a program that addressed parental misconceptions of child CPR. Parents (n = 109) of toddlers enrolled in swim school lessons were randomly assigned to control, pool-based instruction, and home-based groups. Initially, one third (30%) of parents were confident of their ability to perform child CPR and only one fifth (22%) correctly reported the recommended compression-to-rescue breath ratio of 30:2 for child CPR. Postintervention, confidence and knowledge of CPR protocols improved significantly for both instruction groups compared with the control group. Correct compression-to-breath ratios significantly improved for the pool-based group (86%) and home-based group (87%) compared with the control group (33%). Child CPR instruction at swim schools provided a valuable opportunity to reduce parental anxiety about performing child CPR and improved knowledge of child CPR. Further research is required to determine how other toddler parents might similarly benefit from such a program

Efeito de capacitação sobre primeiros socorros em acidentes para equipes de escolas de ensino especializado

Objectives: Analyze the effect of first aid training on the knowledge of multidisciplinary teams from special education schools, in school accidents. Methods: A quasi-experimental, before-and-after study with a single comparison group. Descriptive statistics and McNemar’s test were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results: This study had the participation of 162 higher education professionals, predominantly teachers (82.1%), female (97.5%), aged over 40 (69.2%). An increase in correct answers was observed, with statistical significance (≤0.05), especially in proper handling in case of fall with traumatic brain injury, electric shock, and burn due to hot liquid (98.1%, 98.1% and 96.9% of proper response, respectively). Conclusions: First aid training for child accidents, through content exhibition, in a dialogical and practical way, proved to be efficient for multidisciplinary teams from special education schools for people with disabilities.Objetivos: Analisar o efeito de uma capacitação no conhecimento da equipe multidisciplinar de escolas de ensino especializado sobre primeiros socorros diante de acidentes escolares. Métodos: Estudo quase experimental do tipo antes e depois com grupo único de comparação. Realizouse estatística descritiva e teste de McNemar para avaliar o efeito da intervenção. Resultados: Participaram 162 profissionais de nível superior, predominantemente professores (82,1%). Sexo e faixa etária preponderante foram, respectivamente, feminino (97,5%) e idade acima de 40 anos (69,2%). Houve aumento de acerto em todas as questões abordadas com significância estatística (≤ 0,05). Destacam-se o correto manejo diante de queda com traumatismo craniano encefálico, choque elétrico e queimadura por líquido quente (respectivamente: 98,1%, 98,1% e 96,9% de acertos). Conclusões: A capacitação sobre primeiros socorros diante de acidentes, por meio de exposição de conteúdo de forma dialogada e prática, se mostrou eficiente para a equipe multidisciplinar de escolas de ensino especializado para pessoas com deficiência.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Keeping our heads above water : a systematic review of fatal drowning in South Africa

BACKGROUND: Drowning is defined as the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid, and can have one of three outcomes - no morbidity, morbidity or mortality. The World Health Organization African region accounts for approximately 20% of global drowning, with a drowning mortality rate of 13.1 per 100 000 population. The strategic implementation of intervention programmes driven by evidence-based decisions is of prime importance in resource-limited settings such as South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVE: To review the available epidemiological data on fatal drowning in SA in order to identify gaps in the current knowledge base and priority intervention areas. METHODS: A systematic review of published literature was conducted to review the available epidemiological data describing fatal drowning in SA. In addition, an internet search for grey literature, including technical reports, describing SA fatal drowning epidemiology was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 13 published research articles and 27 reports obtained through a grey literature search met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These 40 articles and reports covered data collection periods between 1995 and 2016, and were largely focused on urban settings. The fatal drowning burden in SA is stable at approximately 3.0 per 100 000 population, but is increasing as a proportion of all non-natural deaths. Drowning mortality rates are high in children aged <15 years, particularly in those aged <5. CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that SA drowning prevention initiatives are currently confined to the early stages of an effective injury prevention strategy. The distribution of mortality across age groups and drowning location differs substantially between urban centres and provinces. There is therefore a need for detailed drowning surveillance to monitor national trends and identify risk factors in all SA communities

Modified delphi investigation of exercise science in physical education teacher education

As physical education teacher educators experiment with alternative pedagogical approaches to bridge the gap between subdisciplinary theory and professional practice, the need for enhanced multi-disciplinary research and communication continues. The purpose of this study was to determine the critical exercise science competencies, and associated instructional methods, that are recommended for inclusion in the physical education teacher education undergraduate curriculum. An initial list of theoretical and applied exercise science competencies was constructed using the knowledge, skills, and abilities recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine for individuals working in the field of exercise science. The two-round, modified Delphi procedure involved the repeated circulation of this questionnaire to a small panel of content experts. Experts in the field of physical education, including exercise science specialists, physical education teacher educators, and physical education teachers, were sampled to determine which theoretical and applied exercise science competencies are critical for the preparation of prospective physical educators. The Delphi panel members were required to rate each questionnaire item in terms of its theoretical importance and pedagogical relevance using a five-point Likert scale. The data collected during the second round of questioning were employed to provide a final measure of consensus regarding the critical strength of each exercise science competency. An item had to meet the following criteria in order to be considered of both critical importance and relevance: (a) the item received a mean rating of at least four or higher in the areas of importance and relevance; and (b) the item received at least 75% of all individual ratings at the four level or higher. Any item that failed to meet these criteria was considered to be non-critical. The Delphi panel members were also asked to complete an addendum survey concerning their recommendations regarding the four most effective instructional methods for the delivery of exercise science to prospective physical education teachers. The results of this scholarly process, which includes a final list of recommended exercise science competencies and instructional methods, have provided a conceptual framework upon which physical education teacher educators can make future curricular decisions in the area of exercise science

Healthy Environments

This issue of Early Childhood in Focus draws attention to some key global challenges in providing healthy environments for young children. Section 1 recognises that multisectoral policy responses are needed to ensure adequate housing and improved water and sanitation, as well as recreational spaces. For young children, physical spaces are closely intertwined with emotional security and feelings of well-being. Section 2 explores the opportunities and challenges of living in urban environments. Young children are especially vulnerable to the physical harm that urban environments create from pollution in the air, toxins in the ground, contaminated water and waste dumps, traffic, and unsafe housing. Their homes, as well as their neighbourhoods, may be unhealthy places to grow up in. Section 3 is about the design of environments specifically for young children, including innovative ‘democratic spaces’, and ‘child-friendly spaces’ in areas affected by disasters and emergencies

Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people

"Regular physical activity is linked to enhanced health and to reduced risk for all-cause mortality and the development of many chronic diseases in adults. However, many U.S. adults are either sedentary or less physically active than recommended. Children and adolescents are more physically active than adults, but participation in physical activity declines in adolescence. School and community programs have the potential to help children and adolescents establish lifelong, healthy physical activity patterns. This report summarizes recommendations for encouraging physical activity among young people so that they will continue to engage in physical activity in adulthood and obtain the benefits of physical activity throughout life. These guidelines were developed by CDC in collaboration with experts from universities and from national, federal, and voluntary agencies and organizations. They are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and current practice in physical education, exercise science, health education, and public health."The guidelines include recommendations about 10 aspects of school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people: policies that promote enjoyable, lifelong physical activity; physical and social environments that encourage and enable physical activity; physical education curricula and instruction; health education curricula and instruction; extracurricular physical activity programs that meet the needs and interests of students; involvement of parents and guardians in physical activity instruction and programs for young people; personnel training; health services for children and adolescents; developmentally appropriate community sports and recreation programs that are attractive to young people; and regular evaluation of physical activity instruction, programs, and facilities." --Summary.Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness -- Health Benefits of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness -- Recommended Physical Activity for Young People -- Prevalence of Physical Activity Among Young People -- Factors Influencing Physical Activity -- Objectives for Physical Activity Among Young People -- Rationale for School and Community Efforts to Promote Physical Activity Among Young People -- Recommendations for School and Community Programs Promoting Physical Activity Among Young People -- References -- Appendix A: Physical Activity Information Resource List.prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)."March 7, 1997."Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-35).9072670Supersededprepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)."March 7, 1997."Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-35).9072670SupersededHealth EducationChronic Diseas

Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people.

Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness -- Health Benefits of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness -- Recommended Physical Activity for Young People -- Prevalence of Physical Activity Among Young People -- Factors Influencing Physical Activity -- Objectives for Physical Activity Among Young People -- Rationale for School and Community Efforts to Promote Physical Activity Among Young People -- Recommendations for School and Community Programs Promoting Physical Activity Among Young People -- References -- Appendix A: Physical Activity Information Resource List.Regular physical activity is linked to enhanced health and to reduced risk for all-cause mortality and the development of many chronic diseases in adults. However, many U.S. adults are either sedentary or less physically active than recommended. Children and adolescents are more physically active than adults, but participation in physical activity declines in adolescence. School and community programs have the potential to help children and adolescents establish lifelong, healthy physical activity patterns. This report summarizes recommendations for encouraging physical activity among young people so that they will continue to engage in physical activity in adulthood and obtain the benefits of physical activity throughout life. These guidelines were developed by CDC in collaboration with experts from universities and from national, federal, and voluntary agencies and organizations. They are based on an in-depth review of research, theory, and current practice in physical education, exercise science, health education, and public health. The guidelines include recommendations about 10 aspects of school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people: policies that promote enjoyable, lifelong physical activity; physical and social environments that encourage and enable physical activity; physical education curricula and instruction; health education curricula and instruction; extracurricular physical activity programs that meet the needs and interests of students; involvement of parents and guardians in physical activity instruction and programs for young people; personnel training; health services for children and adolescents; developmentally appropriate community sports and recreation programs that are attractive to young people; and regular evaluation of physical activity instruction, programs, and facilities.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports ; v. 46, no. RR-6.SupersededHealth EducationChronic Diseas