20,110 research outputs found
Dilemma and Breakthrough: Innovation on Models of Public Legal Education in China Based on Knowledge Graph
In over 30 years, the forms of public legal education activities have become increasingly rich. However, with the technology refresh, the traditional public legal education model characterized by one-way communication has gradually become out of touch, which can not adapt to the return of the people’s subjectivity and meet the personalized needs of different groups of people. As an important part of advancing the Rule of Law in China, public legal education should be timely innovated with the help of new technology. By combining the knowledge graph technology in the era of artificial intelligence with the work of public legal education, this paper studies how to use the knowledge graph technology to build public legal education network platform, introduce customized legal education content, and establish a sound mechanism for intelligent public legal education work, so that users can complete the important transformation from the object of legal education to the subject of law learning. This will enrich the theoretical research results of public legal education
Connotation Frames: A Data-Driven Investigation
Through a particular choice of a predicate (e.g., "x violated y"), a writer
can subtly connote a range of implied sentiments and presupposed facts about
the entities x and y: (1) writer's perspective: projecting x as an
"antagonist"and y as a "victim", (2) entities' perspective: y probably dislikes
x, (3) effect: something bad happened to y, (4) value: y is something valuable,
and (5) mental state: y is distressed by the event. We introduce connotation
frames as a representation formalism to organize these rich dimensions of
connotation using typed relations. First, we investigate the feasibility of
obtaining connotative labels through crowdsourcing experiments. We then present
models for predicting the connotation frames of verb predicates based on their
distributional word representations and the interplay between different types
of connotative relations. Empirical results confirm that connotation frames can
be induced from various data sources that reflect how people use language and
give rise to the connotative meanings. We conclude with analytical results that
show the potential use of connotation frames for analyzing subtle biases in
online news media.Comment: 11 pages, published in Proceedings of ACL 201
Transparenting Transparency: Intial Empirics and Policy Applications
Major conceptual contributions of a number of Nobel-laureates in putting forth a framework linking the citizenry's right to know and access to information with development, have already had a major influence in various fields. However, implementation of transparency-related reforms on the ground remains checkered around the globe. Further, in contrast with other dimensions of governance -such as rule of law and regulatory burden-, there is a gap between the extent of the conceptual contributions in the transparency field and the progress on its measurement and empirical analysis, which has been wanting. Our paper is a contribution attempting to partly fill these empirical and policy-related gaps. We contribute to empirics by undertaking an initial construction of a transparency index for 194 countries based on over twenty 20 independent sources. An Unobserved Component Model (UCM) was used to generate the country ratings and the margins of error. The indices comprise an aggregate transparency index with two sub-components: economic/institutional transparency, and political transparency. The results emphasize variance. Exemplary transparency is not the exclusive domain of a particular region, and there are transparency-related challenges in countries in each region and income categories. Further, there is significant within-country variation, with large differences in performance between economic/institutional and political dimensions of transparency. Mindful of the challenges in inferring causality, we also find that transparency is associated with better socio-economic and human development indicators, as well as with higher competitiveness and lower corruption. Much progress can be attained without requiring inordinate amount of resources, since transparency reforms can be substantial net 'savers' of public resources, and often can serve as a more efficient and less financially costly substitute to creating additional regulations and/or regulatory or governance bodies. We provide a number of concrete examples of specific transparency-related reforms within a strategic framework, as well as a brief country illustration - the case of Chile.
Sexual diversity on the small screen : mapping LGBT+ characters in Flemish television fiction (2001 – 2016)
Apart from figures on LGBT+ characters in television fiction produced by the American
television industry, such as the ‘Where We Are On TV’ – reports by the Gay and Lesbian Alliance
Against Defamation (GLAAD), quantitative data on LGBT+ representation television fiction
series remains scarce internationally. With this working paper, we aim to address this lack in the
context of Flemish television fiction. To meet the challenges posed by a lack of centralized data
on Flemish television fiction in general, and LGBT+ characters and storylines specifically, we
constructed a three-tiered database. Comprising of all 156 domestic television fiction series
between 2001 and 2016, the quantitative presence of LGBT+ characters in these series, and
individual traits of the 117 collected LGBT+ characters respectively. In doing so, we provide an
overview of Flemish television fiction in general, the distribution in these series of characters
who identify as LGBT+ and the storylines that relate to sexual and gender diversity, and offer a
tool to identify individual pertinent characters. Flanders presents itself as having a dynamic
television fiction industry in the past fifteen years, with genre diversity and a sizeable output. In
its general output, LGBT+ characters have had a significant habitual presence since 2001, with
a noted correlation to specific ‘lowbrow’ genres, and a noted lack in ‘quality’ series. The collected
characters display a severe lack of diversity, with most LGBT+ characters being gay male
characters, a significant majority being middle class, and few non- white LGBT+ characters
Building institutions for growth and human developement : an economic perspective applied to transitional countries of Europe and CIS
The collapse of the communist system during the late 1980’s redefined the hierarchy among Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) and the former USSR. Some of these countries joined the EU ; some did not ; others formed the CIS . In particular, institutions, mainly market and political one, appear to be a strong foundation for a rapid but irreversible shift from socialism to market-oriented economy.
The relationship between economic performance and the quality of domestic institutions has emerged recently as a major subject of interest. The literature shows that the higher the quality of domestic institutions the better the effects on the Human development and growth of a country.
The aim of this paper is to analyse in a more qualitative way the role of institutions in transitional countries in the CEECs and CIS. The main question we address is: what kind of institutional arrangement leads to Human development? We propose an analytical pattern where global performance (i.e. Human development) is the final outcome of a new institutional arrangement
Government matters III : governance indicators for 1996-2002
The authors present estimates of six dimensions of governance covering 199 countries and territories for four time periods: 1996, 1998, 2000, and 2002. These indicators are based on several hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of governance, drawn from 25 separate data sources constructed by 18 different organizations. The authors assign these individual measures of governance to categories capturing key dimensions of governance and use an unobserved components model to construct six aggregate governance indicators in each of the four periods. They present the point estimates of the dimensions of governance as well as the margins of errors for each country for the four periods. The governance indicators reported here are an update and expansion of previous research work on indicators initiated in 1998 (Kaufmann, Kraay, and Zoido-Lobat 1999a,b and 2002). The authors also address various methodological issues, including the interpretation and use of the data given the estimated margins of errors.Decentralization,Statistical&Mathematical Sciences,Corruption&Anitcorruption Law,Public Sector Corruption&Anticorruption Measures,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Governance Indicators,Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Science Education,National Governance
FISA Reform
Congress and the Executive Branch are poised to take up the issue of FISA reform in 2014. What has been missing from the discussion is a comprehensive view of ways in which reform could be given effect—i.e., a taxonomy of potential options. This article seeks to fill the gap. The aim is to deepen the conversation about abeyant approaches to foreign intelligence gathering, to allow fuller discussion of what a comprehensive package could contain, and to place initiatives that are currently under consideration within a broader, over-arching framework. The article begins by considering the legal underpinnings and challenges to the President\u27s Surveillance Program. It then examines how technology has altered the types of information available, as well as methods of transmission and storage. The article builds on this to develop a taxonomy for how a statutory approach to foreign intelligence gathering could be given force. It divides foreign intelligence gathering into two categories: front-end collection and back-end analysis and use. Each category contains a counterpoise structured to ensure the appropriate exercise of Congressionally-mandated authorities. For the front-end, this means balancing the manner of collection with requirements for approval. For the back-end, this means offsetting implementation with transparency and oversight. The article then considers the constituent parts of each category
Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996-2002
This paper presents estimates of six dimensions of governance covering 199 countries and territories for four time periods: 1996, 1998, 2000, and 2002. These indicators are based on several hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of governance, drawn from 25 separate data sources constructed by 18 different organizations. We assign these individual measures of governance to categories capturing key dimensions of governance, and use an unobserved components model to construct six aggregate governance indicators in each of the four periods. We present the point estimates of the dimensions of governance as well as the margins of errors for each country for the four periods. The governance indicators reported here are an update and expansion of our previous work, part of a research project on indicators initiated in 1998 (Kaufmann, Kraay and Zoido-Lobatón 1999a,b and 2002). We also address various methodological issues, including the interpretation and use of the data given the estimated margins of errors. The data, as well as a web-based graphical interface, are available at www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2002/.
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