A Proposal for an Open Logistics Interconnection Reference Model for a Physical Internet

International audienceThis paper presents a New Open Logistics Interconnection (NOLI) reference model for a Physical Internet, inspired by the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model for data networks. This NOLI model is compared to the OSI model, and to the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model of Internet. It is also compared to the OLI model for a Physical Internet proposed by Montreuil. The main differences between the presented NOLI model and all the other models named above are in the appearance of definitions of physical objects in different layers and not just the lowest one. Also, the NOLI model we present locates the containerization and de-containerization operations in the topmost layer, and not in the layer below as does the OLI model. Finally, the NOLI model is closer to the TCP/IP and OSI models than the OLI model, keeping the integrity of the Link Layer that the OLI model divides in two layers, and keeping separate the Session and Transport OSI Layers that the OLI model unites in just one layer

Will 5G See its Blind Side? Evolving 5G for Universal Internet Access

Internet has shown itself to be a catalyst for economic growth and social equity but its potency is thwarted by the fact that the Internet is off limits for the vast majority of human beings. Mobile phones---the fastest growing technology in the world that now reaches around 80\% of humanity---can enable universal Internet access if it can resolve coverage problems that have historically plagued previous cellular architectures (2G, 3G, and 4G). These conventional architectures have not been able to sustain universal service provisioning since these architectures depend on having enough users per cell for their economic viability and thus are not well suited to rural areas (which are by definition sparsely populated). The new generation of mobile cellular technology (5G), currently in a formative phase and expected to be finalized around 2020, is aimed at orders of magnitude performance enhancement. 5G offers a clean slate to network designers and can be molded into an architecture also amenable to universal Internet provisioning. Keeping in mind the great social benefits of democratizing Internet and connectivity, we believe that the time is ripe for emphasizing universal Internet provisioning as an important goal on the 5G research agenda. In this paper, we investigate the opportunities and challenges in utilizing 5G for global access to the Internet for all (GAIA). We have also identified the major technical issues involved in a 5G-based GAIA solution and have set up a future research agenda by defining open research problems

REMNANTS OF NET NEUTRALITY: POLICING UNLAWFUL CONTENT THROUGH BROADBAND PROVIDERS

The 2015 Open Internet Order, released by The Federal Communication Commission (FCC), introduced sweeping, new rules that promised to preserve an equal and open Internet to consumers. These rules, otherwise known as “Net Neutrality,” prohibited broadband and internet service providers from impairing, blocking, or throttling access to “lawful content” online. But with a new administration and agenda, the FCC’s 2017 Restoring Internet Freedom Order repealed Net Neutrality. Since then, various states have pushed back against the repeal, with some adopting their own versions of the 2015 Open Internet Order’s Net Neutrality, keeping most of the rule language intact, including the “lawful content” distinction. As a result, unlawful content is not subject to Net Neutrality rules and providers are free to block access to such content. But difficulty lies in the classification of content as lawful or unlawful. This Note contends that large-scale copyright infringement such as digital piracy falls under the unlawful content category. With the proliferation of the Internet, digital piracy has taken a large economic toll on American media, leaving the private and public sector without a long-term, efficient solution. This Note argues, whether Net Neutrality survives at the federal or local level, that internet service providers are within their legal rights to block and impair access to digital piracy sites, applications and other unlawful content online

From Broken Revenue Models to Embracing an Open Ethos

Journalism is a form of public service, critical to all of us. Unfettered access to verified information is essential for a healthy information ecosystem – essential for democracy. Yet, journalists face threats to their physical safety and online wellbeing, broken revenue models, the closures of local news outlets, and declining trust among readers. Misinformation and disinformation campaigns in the media challenge collective notions of ground truth. They also challenge the bedrock and meaning of an open internet.Now is a critical time to support journalists in their efforts to provide verified information, investigate our shared challenges, and bring essential health, environmental, and political facts to everyone. While Creative Commons (CC) cannot address many of the challenges journalists face, we believe that principles and practices of an open internet can help journalists in some of their public interest work. From crowdsourcing information on open source platforms to using CC licenses to increase access to a particular story–applying open internet practices can help free the flow of critical information to empower journalists and citizens around the world. Before engaging, we needed to understand more about journalists' challenges.In this vein, we initiated the Ground Truth in Open Internet project to better understand journalists' needs through global survey work, focus groups, Q&A discussions and training with journalists, activists and nonprofit news sources. Below, we share methodology and findings from our research and engagement. We learned that journalists around the world face an uncertain future, as they transition away from an old model of funding journalism and face unprecedented challenges. Journalists voiced a need for training and support to harness open internet practices, but such effort must be balanced with new, working revenue models. Most news organizations' current lack of a business model allowing for (1) open access to content and (2) stability and security for content producers obstructs quality journalism. More work is needed to demonstrate how quality journalism can be funded, while keeping it accessible and open to people around the world

Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity

Keeping unsuitable web content from young eyes is a challenge, given the wide-open environment of the internet. Research was conducted into selecting an Artificial Intelligence interface to be used to train and select whether specific images represented explicit material or not. Ten potential vendors were reviewed, and Google Automl Cloud® was selected for training and verification testing. Unfortunately, it was difficult to obtain a sizable enough archive of approved images to complete the originally envisioned training and testing program. A modest-sized image data base was finally secured, and the code was successfully tested with a small data set, even though the results did not contain enough samples to establish the commercial-level reliability required for further testing

Government Data and the Invisible Hand

If President Barack Obama\u27s new administration really wants to embrace the potential of Internet-enabled government transparency, it should follow a counter-intuitive but ultimately compelling strategy: reduce the federal role in presenting important government information to citizens. Today, government bodies consider their own Web sites to be a higher priority than technical infrastructures that open up their data for others to use. We argue that this understanding is a mistake. It would be preferable for government to understand providing reusable data, rather than providing Web sites, as the core of its online publishing responsibility. During the presidential campaign, all three major candidates indicated that they thought the federal government could make better use of the Internet. Barack Obama\u27s platform went the furthest and explicitly endorsed maling government data available online in universally accessible formats. Hillary Clinton, meanwhile, remarked that she wanted to see much more government information online. John McCain\u27s platform called for a new Office of Electronic Government. But the situation to which these candidates were responding-the wide gap between the exciting uses of Internet technology by private parties, on the one hand, and the government\u27s lagging technical infrastructure, on the other-is not new. A minefield of federal rules and a range of other factors, prevent government Web masters from keeping pace with the evergrowing potential of the Internet

Linked Up: Using Free Tools to Maintain Access to E-resources

No one will argue that the internet has a lot to offer our patrons. Library web sites and systems link to a variety of valuable electronic resources such as databases, e-journals, and educational web sites. Unfortunately, the digital world is ever-changing, and maintaining access to these resources is a real challenge for librarians. Link checkers can be a great tool for keeping URLs updated, but they were generally not designed with libraries in mind; they may run into issues with resources that have access limited by IP address, go through ezproxy, or begin sessions. This poster compares several free and/or open source link checkers and analyze how they can be adapted for use in libraries. The goal of this poster is to provide guidance to fellow librarians about the potential value and possible limitations of these tools