Differences in Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Count between Children with Simple and Complex Febrile Seizures

How to Cite This Article: Nikkhah A, Salehiomran MR, Asefi SS. Differences in Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Count between Children with Simple and Complex Febrile Seizures. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2017; 11(2):44-47.AbstractObjectiveThe aim of our study was to find the relationship of MPV (Mean Platelet Volume) levels and platelet counts as markers of inflammation between simple and complex febrile seizures.Materials & MethodsIn this retrospective comparative study, we investigated the recordings of 356 children between 5 months and 6 yr with diagnosis of simple and complex febrile seizure (SFS&CFS) in Amircola’s Children’s Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran between Mar 2011 and Dec 2015.ResultsMean age was similar in two groups. The MPV of the CFS group (8.32±0.48fl) was lower than that of the SFS group (8.58±0.34fl) but this difference was not significant statistically. The platelet count of the CFS group (315.03×103 ±117.17×103) was higher than that of SFS group (291.82×103 ± 87.49×103) but there was no significant statistical difference.ConclusionWe did not find significant differences between two groups. Therefore, further studies about this idea should be performed. References 1. Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against Epilepsy. Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy. Epilepsia 1993; 34:592–596.2. Shinnar S. Febrile seizure. In: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, editors. Pediatric neurology principle & practice. 4th ed, vol. 1.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Press; 2006. P. 1079-1089.3. Shinnar S, Glauser TA. Febrile seizures. In: Pellock JM, Bourgeois FD, Edwin Dodson W. editors. Pediatric 47 epilepsy, Diagnosis & Therapy. 3rd ed. New York: Demos Press; 2008. P. 293- 301. Shinnar S, Glauser TA. Febrile seizures. J Child Neurol 2002; 17(suppl1):S44-S52.4. Lux AL. Treatment of febrile seizures: historical perspective, current opinions, and potential future directions. Brain Dev 2010; 32(1):42-50.5. Jons T, Jacobsen S.J. Childhood Febrile Seizures: Overview and Implications. Int J Med Sci 2007; 4(2):110- 4.6. Iwasaki N, Nakayama J, Hamano K, et al. Molecular genetics of febrile seizures. Symposium I Epilepsia 2002; 43(9): 32-5.7. Amirsalari S, Keihani doust Z, Ahmadi M, et al. Relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures. Iran J Child Neurol 2010; (4)1:27-30.8. Ghasemi F, Valizadeh F, Taee N. Iron-deficiency Anemia in Children with Febrile Seizures. A Case-Control Study. Iran J Child Neurol 2014; (8) 2:38-44.9. Bidabadi E, Mashouf M. Association between iron deficiency anemia and first febrile convulsion: a case-control study. Seizure 2009; 18: 347-51.10. Hartfield DS, Tan J, Yager JY, et al. The association between iron deficiency and febrile seizures in childhood. Clin Pediatr 2009; 48(4): 420-6.11. Ozaydin E, Arhan E, Cetinkaya B, et al. Differences in iron deficiency anemia and mean platelet volume between children with simple and complex febrile seizures. Seizure 2012; 21(3): 211-214.12. Weyrich AS. Platelets: more than a sack of glue. American Society of Hematology (ASH). Hematology 2014; 5(1):400-3.13. Rondina MT, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Platelets as cellular effectors of inflammation in vascular diseases. Circ Res 2013; 112(11):1506-1519.14. Semple JW, Italiano JE Jr, Freedman J. Platelet and the immune continuum. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11(4):264- 274.15. Mahmut Abuhandan, Abdullah Solmaz, et al. Evaluation of Selenium Levels and Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Simple Febrile Convulsion. Iran J Pediatr 2014; 24(4):401-405

User preferences on route instruction types for mobile indoor route guidance

Adaptive mobile wayfinding systems are being developed to ease wayfinding in the indoor environment. They present wayfinding information to the user, which is adapted to the context. Wayfinding information can be communicated by using different types of route instructions, such as text, photos, videos, symbols or a combination thereof. The need for a different type of route instruction may vary at decision points, for example because of its complexity. Furthermore, these needs may be different for different user characteristics (e.g., age, gender, level of education). To determine this need for information, an online survey has been executed where participants rated 10 different route instruction types at several decision points in a case study building. Results show that the types with additional text were preferred over those without text. The photo instructions, combined with text, generally received the highest ratings, especially from first-time visitors. 3D simulations were appreciated at complex decision points and by younger people. When text (with symbols) is considered as a route instruction type, it is best used for the start or end instruction

An overview of fine gradings on simple Lie algebras

This paper presents a survey of the results and ideas behind the classification of the fine gradings, up to equivalence, on the simple finite dimensional Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. It provides an expanded version of the mini course delivered by the second author at the Conference "Advances in Group Theory and Applications AGTA-2015".Comment: 14 page

The Sachs-Wolfe effect

Bibliography: pages 112-113.This thesis discusses the Sachs-Wolfe effect, which is the variation in the observed temperature of radiation emitted at the last scattering surface which occurs at the place where matter and radiation decouple at about 4000 degrees Kelvin. The work is in two parts, with the first part dealing with extensions made by George Ellis, Chongming Xu, Bill Stoeger and myself to the paper by Miroslaw Panek [13] where the gauge invariant formalism of cosmological density perturbations by James Bardeen [1] has been used to find the SW effect in the case of a perturbed Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe with a barotropic equation of state describing the matter in the unperturbed case. In our work we extend the example given by Panek for a flat universe (K = 0) filled with dust where the density perturbations are adiabatic, to the case of non-fl.at universes (K = -1, 0 + 1) filled with a mixture of N types of matter where the density perturbations are nonadiabatic. The second part shows the agreement between the formalisms of Sachs and Wolfe's pioneering paper and the recent work of George Ellis and Marco Bruni which presents the study of cosmological perturbations in a gauge invariant and covariant way. After the overview of the work covered in this thesis, the gauge invariant formulation of Bardeen is discussed where we follow the description by Panek of a universe whose energy content is described by a mixture of N ideal fluids coupled only by gravity. From the Einstein equations we get Bardeen's evolution equation for the gauge invariant energy density perturbation which is now given for the N different matter fluids as it appears in Panek. We then checked Panek's equations where he finds an expression for the placing of the perturbed last scattering surface, after which he derives an equation for the fractional temperature variation and writes it in terms of the perturbation variables. The equation found by SW for their particular choice of K = O, pressure free dust, where the last scattering surface is placed at its unperturbed position, is verified in terms of the Bardeen formalism. Now we extend this simple case to nonadiabatic perturbations in the same scenario and find the SW effect for a mixture of two fluids: dust and radiation, with nonadiabatic perturbations in a not necessarily flat universe. We then generalise to the case of a mixture or baryons and radiation and N types of matter. This section then ends with a calculation of the difference between temperatures taken from two different directions in the sky and is written in terms of the fractional temperature perturbation defined by Panek. The second part puts forward the formulation of the gauge problem by Ellis and Bruni (EB), and then writes out their gauge invariant quantities in terms of the SW variables. Their evolution equations are verified in this form, and the shear and vorticity determined as well. Now all of the EB cosmological quantities are listed for the special gauge that SW use and then we explore the relation between the SW metric and that of Bardeen before ending off by verifying that the form for the redshift in the EB approach is in agreement with that given by Panek

On the use of schedule risk analysis for project management

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview on the existing literature and recent developments on the research on Schedule Risk Analysis (SRA) in Project Management (PM) to measure the sensitivity of activities and resources in the project network. SRA is a technique that relies on Monte-Carlo simulation runs to analyze the impact of changes in activity durations and costs on the overall project time and cost objectives. First, the paper gives an overview of the most commonly known sensitivity metrics from literature that are widely used by PM software tools to measure the time and cost sensitivity of activities as well as sensitivity for project resources. Second, the relevance of these metrics in an integrated project control setting is discussed based on some recent research studies. Finally, a short discussion on the challenges for future research is given. All sections in this paper are based on research studies done in the past for which references will be given throughout the manuscript