On calibrated weights in stratified sampling

In this paper, we propose a calibration estimator of population mean in stratified sampling using the known mean and variance information from multi-auxiliary variables. The problem of determining the optimum calibrated weights is formulated as a Nonlinear Programming Problem (NLPP) that is solved using the Lagrange multiplier technique. Numerical example with real data is presented to illustrate the computational details of the proposed estimator. A comparison study is also carried out using real and simulated data to evaluate the performance and the usefulness of the proposed estimator. The study reveals that the proposed estimator with multi-auxiliary information is more efficient estimator of the population mean as it provides least estimated variance and highest gain in relative efficiency (RE). References Jean Claude Deville and Carl Erik Sarndal. Calibration estimators in survey sampling. Journal of the American statistical Association, 87(418):376–382, 1992. doi:10.1080/01621459.1992.10475217. Victor M Estevao and Carl Erik Sarndal. Survey estimates by calibration on complex auxiliary information. International Statistical Review, 74(2):127–147, 2006. doi:110.1111/j.1751-5823.2006.tb00165.x Patrick J Farrell and Sarjinder Singh. Model-assisted higher-order calibration of estimators of variance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 47(3):375–383, 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2005.00402.x Wolfram Research, Inc. Mathematica, Version 11.3. Champaign, IL, 2018. Jong Min Kim, Engin A Sungur, and Tae Young Heo. Calibration approach estimators in stratified sampling. Statistics and probability letters, 77(1):99–103, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.spl.2006.05.015 Phillip S Kott. Using calibration weighting to adjust for nonresponse and coverage errors. Survey Methodology, 32(2):133, 2006. Dinesh K Rao. Mathematical programing in stratified random sampling. PhD thesis, School of Computing, Information and Mathematical Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji, February 2017. Dinesh K. Rao, Tokaua. Tekabu, and Mohammad G M Khan. New calibration estimators in stratified sampling. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering, pages 66–70. IEEE, 2016. Gurmindar K Singh, Dinesh K Rao, and Mohammed GM Khan. Calibration estimator of population mean in stratified random sampling. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering (APWC on CSE), pages 1–5. IEEE, 2014. Sarjindar Singh, Stephen Horn, and Frank Yu. Estimation of variance of general regression estimator: Higher level calibration approach. Survey Methodology, 24:41–50, 1998. Sarjinder Singh. Advanced Sampling Theory With Applications: How Michael "Selected" Amy, volume I and II. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 2003. Sarjinder Singh. On the calibration of design weights using a displacement function. Metrika, 75(1):85–107, 2012. doi:10.1007/s00184-010-0316-6 Sarjinder Singh, Stephen Horn, Sadeq Chowdhury, and Frank Yu. Theory and methods: Calibration of the estimators of variance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 41(2):199–212, 1999. doi:10.1111/1467-842X.00074 D S Tracy, S Singh, and R Arnab. Note on calibration in stratified and double sampling. Survey Methodology, 29(1):99–104, 2003. Changbao Wu and Randy R Sitter. A model-calibration approach to using complete auxiliary information from survey data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 96(453):185–193, 2001. doi:10.1198/01621450175033305

On calibrated weights in stratified sampling

In this paper, we propose a calibration estimator of population mean in stratified sampling using the known mean and variance information from multi-auxiliary variables. The problem of determining the optimum calibrated weights is formulated as a Nonlinear Programming Problem (NLPP) that is solved using the Lagrange multiplier technique. Numerical example with real data is presented to illustrate the computational details of the proposed estimator. A comparison study is also carried out using real and simulated data to evaluate the performance and the usefulness of the proposed estimator. The study reveals that the proposed estimator with multi-auxiliary information is more efficient estimator of the population mean as it provides least estimated variance and highest gain in relative efficiency (RE). References Jean Claude Deville and Carl Erik Sarndal. Calibration estimators in survey sampling. Journal of the American statistical Association, 87(418):376–382, 1992. doi:10.1080/01621459.1992.10475217. Victor M Estevao and Carl Erik Sarndal. Survey estimates by calibration on complex auxiliary information. International Statistical Review, 74(2):127–147, 2006. doi:110.1111/j.1751-5823.2006.tb00165.x Patrick J Farrell and Sarjinder Singh. Model-assisted higher-order calibration of estimators of variance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 47(3):375–383, 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2005.00402.x Wolfram Research, Inc. Mathematica, Version 11.3. Champaign, IL, 2018. Jong Min Kim, Engin A Sungur, and Tae Young Heo. Calibration approach estimators in stratified sampling. Statistics and probability letters, 77(1):99–103, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.spl.2006.05.015 Phillip S Kott. Using calibration weighting to adjust for nonresponse and coverage errors. Survey Methodology, 32(2):133, 2006. Dinesh K Rao. Mathematical programing in stratified random sampling. PhD thesis, School of Computing, Information and Mathematical Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Fiji, February 2017. Dinesh K. Rao, Tokaua. Tekabu, and Mohammad G M Khan. New calibration estimators in stratified sampling. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering, pages 66–70. IEEE, 2016. Gurmindar K Singh, Dinesh K Rao, and Mohammed GM Khan. Calibration estimator of population mean in stratified random sampling. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering (APWC on CSE), pages 1–5. IEEE, 2014. Sarjindar Singh, Stephen Horn, and Frank Yu. Estimation of variance of general regression estimator: Higher level calibration approach. Survey Methodology, 24:41–50, 1998. Sarjinder Singh. Advanced Sampling Theory With Applications: How Michael "Selected" Amy, volume I and II. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 2003. Sarjinder Singh. On the calibration of design weights using a displacement function. Metrika, 75(1):85–107, 2012. doi:10.1007/s00184-010-0316-6 Sarjinder Singh, Stephen Horn, Sadeq Chowdhury, and Frank Yu. Theory and methods: Calibration of the estimators of variance. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 41(2):199–212, 1999. doi:10.1111/1467-842X.00074 D S Tracy, S Singh, and R Arnab. Note on calibration in stratified and double sampling. Survey Methodology, 29(1):99–104, 2003. Changbao Wu and Randy R Sitter. A model-calibration approach to using complete auxiliary information from survey data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 96(453):185–193, 2001. doi:10.1198/01621450175033305

On Weakly Associative Lattices and Near Lattices

The main aim of this article is to introduce formally two generalizations of lattices, namely weakly associative lattices and near lattices, which can be obtained from the former by certain weakening of the usual well-known axioms. We show selected propositions devoted to weakly associative lattices and near lattices from Chapter 6 of [15], dealing also with alternative versions of classical axiomatizations. Some of the results were proven in the Mizar [1], [2] system with the help of Prover9 [14] proof assistant.Damian Sawicki - Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, PolandAdam Grabowski - Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, PolandGrzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Bylinski, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, Karol Pak, and Josef Urban. Mizar: State-of-the-art and beyond. In Manfred Kerber, Jacques Carette, Cezary Kaliszyk, Florian Rabe, and Volker Sorge, editors, Intelligent Computer Mathematics, volume 9150 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 261–279. Springer International Publishing, 2015. ISBN 978-3-319-20614-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20615-8_17.Grzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Bylinski, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, and Karol Pak. The role of the Mizar Mathematical Library for interactive proof development in Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 61(1):9–32, 2018. doi:10.1007/s10817-017-9440-6.Garrett Birkhoff. Lattice Theory. Providence, Rhode Island, New York, 1967.B.A. Davey and H.A. Priestley. Introduction to Lattices and Order. Cambridge University Press, 2002.Ervin Fried and George Grätzer. Some examples of weakly associative lattices. Colloquium Mathematicum, 27:215–221, 1973. doi:10.4064/cm-27-2-215-221.Adam Grabowski. Mechanizing complemented lattices within Mizar system. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 55:211–221, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10817-015-9333-5.Adam Grabowski and Markus Moschner. Managing heterogeneous theories within a mathematical knowledge repository. In Andrea Asperti, Grzegorz Bancerek, and Andrzej Trybulec, editors, Mathematical Knowledge Management Proceedings, volume 3119 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 116–129. Springer, 2004. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27818-4_9. 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management, Bialowieza, Poland, Sep. 19–21, 2004.Adam Grabowski and Damian Sawicki. On two alternative axiomatizations of lattices by McKenzie and Sholander. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):193–198, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0017.Adam Grabowski and Christoph Schwarzweller. Translating mathematical vernacular into knowledge repositories. In Michael Kohlhase, editor, Mathematical Knowledge Management, volume 3863 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 49–64. Springer, 2006. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/11618027 4. 4th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management, Bremen, Germany, MKM 2005, July 15–17, 2005, Revised Selected Papers.Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, and Christoph Schwarzweller. Equality in computer proof-assistants. In Ganzha, Maria and Maciaszek, Leszek and Paprzycki, Marcin, editor, Proceedings of the 2015 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, volume 5 of ACSIS-Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems, pages 45–54. IEEE, 2015. doi:10.15439/2015F229.George Grätzer. General Lattice Theory. Academic Press, New York, 1978.George Grätzer. Lattice Theory: Foundation. Birkhäuser, 2011.Dominik Kulesza and Adam Grabowski. Formalization of quasilattices. Formalized Mathematics, 28(2):217–225, 2020. doi:10.2478/forma-2020-0019.William McCune. Prover9 and Mace4. 2005–2010.William McCune and Ranganathan Padmanabhan. Automated Deduction in Equational Logic and Cubic Curves. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996.Ranganathan Padmanabhan and Sergiu Rudeanu. Axioms for Lattices and Boolean Algebras. World Scientific Publishers, 2008.Piotr Rudnicki and Josef Urban. Escape to ATP for Mizar. In First International Workshop on Proof eXchange for Theorem Proving-PxTP 2011, 2011.Stanisław Zukowski. Introduction to lattice theory. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):215–222, 1990.292778

Formalization of Quasilattices

The main aim of this article is to introduce formally one of the generalizations of lattices, namely quasilattices, which can be obtained from the axiomatization of the former class by certain weakening of ordinary absorption laws. We show propositions QLT-1 to QLT-7 from [15], presenting also some short variants of corresponding axiom systems. Some of the results were proven in the Mizar [1], [2] system with the help of Prover9 [14] proof assistant.Dominik Kulesza - Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, PolandAdam Grabowski - Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, PolandGrzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Byliński, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, Karol Pąk, and Josef Urban. Mizar: State-of-the-art and beyond. In Manfred Kerber, Jacques Carette, Cezary Kaliszyk, Florian Rabe, and Volker Sorge, editors, Intelligent Computer Mathematics, volume 9150 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 261–279. Springer International Publishing, 2015. ISBN 978-3-319-20614-1. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20615-8_17.Grzegorz Bancerek, Czesław Byliński, Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, Roman Matuszewski, Adam Naumowicz, and Karol Pąk. The role of the Mizar Mathematical Library for interactive proof development in Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 61(1):9–32, 2018. doi:10.1007/s10817-017-9440-6.Garrett Birkhoff. Lattice Theory. Providence, Rhode Island, New York, 1967.B.A. Davey and H.A. Priestley. Introduction to Lattices and Order. Cambridge University Press, 2002.G. Gierz, K.H. Hofmann, K. Keimel, J.D. Lawson, M. Mislove, and D.S. Scott. A Compendium of Continuous Lattices. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1980.Adam Grabowski. Mechanizing complemented lattices within Mizar system. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 55:211–221, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10817-015-9333-5.Adam Grabowski and Robert Milewski. Boolean posets, posets under inclusion and products of relational structures. Formalized Mathematics, 6(1):117–121, 1997.Adam Grabowski and Markus Moschner. Managing heterogeneous theories within a mathematical knowledge repository. In Andrea Asperti, Grzegorz Bancerek, and Andrzej Trybulec, editors, Mathematical Knowledge Management Proceedings, volume 3119 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 116–129. Springer, 2004. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27818-4_9. 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management, Bialowieza, Poland, Sep. 19–21, 2004.Adam Grabowski and Damian Sawicki. On two alternative axiomatizations of lattices by McKenzie and Sholander. Formalized Mathematics, 26(2):193–198, 2018. doi:10.2478/forma-2018-0017.Adam Grabowski and Christoph Schwarzweller. Translating mathematical vernacular into knowledge repositories. In Michael Kohlhase, editor, Mathematical Knowledge Management, volume 3863 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 49–64. Springer, 2006. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/11618027_4. 4th International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management, Bremen, Germany, MKM 2005, July 15–17, 2005, Revised Selected Papers.Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, and Christoph Schwarzweller. Equality in computer proof-assistants. In Ganzha, Maria and Maciaszek, Leszek and Paprzycki, Marcin, editor, Proceedings of the 2015 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, volume 5 of ACSIS-Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems, pages 45–54. IEEE, 2015. doi:10.15439/2015F229.George Grätzer. General Lattice Theory. Academic Press, New York, 1978.George Grätzer. Lattice Theory: Foundation. Birkhäuser, 2011.William McCune. Prover9 and Mace4. 2005–2010.William McCune and Ranganathan Padmanabhan. Automated Deduction in Equational Logic and Cubic Curves. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996.Ranganathan Padmanabhan and Sergiu Rudeanu. Axioms for Lattices and Boolean Algebras. World Scientific Publishers, 2008.Piotr Rudnicki and Josef Urban. Escape to ATP for Mizar. In First International Workshop on Proof eXchange for Theorem Proving-PxTP 2011, 2011.Stanisław Żukowski. Introduction to lattice theory. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):215–222, 1990.28221722

Analisis Pengaruh Quality, Image, Brand Equity, dan Value terhadap Loyalitas Seller sebagai Salah Satu Partner E-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari beberapa faktor yaitu quality, image, brand equity dan value terhadap loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 82 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan literatur. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel-variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; 1). Kualitas e-marketplace tidak berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 2). Citra Perusahaan penyedia e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 3). Ekuitas brand Perusahaan e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 4). Nilai yang dimiliki oleh Perusahaan e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 5). Kualitas Pelayanan, citra Perusahaan, ekuitas brand dan nilai Perusahaan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia. Loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia terbukti dipengaruhi oleh keempat variabel yang diteliti yaitu sebesar 74% dan sisanya 26% dipengaruhi oleh faktor atau variabel-variabel lainnya.Kata Kunci: Quality, Image, Brand Equity, Value, Loyalitas Seller2 This study aims to determine the effect of e-service quality, image, brand equity, and value to seller's loyalty as a partner in Lazada Indonesia e-marketplace. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling method, with the total number of sample is 82 respondents. The technique of collecting data is using questionnaires and literatures. The analytical method that used in this research is multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that; 1). E-service quality does not affect significantly on seller's loyalty. 2). Image has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 3). Brand Equity has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 4). Value has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 5). E-Service quality, value, brand equity, and value jointly has a positive and significant effect on seller's loyalty as a partner in Lazada Indonesia e-marketplace. The seller's loyalty shown to be affected by the independent variables in this study at 74% and 26% is influenced by other factors or variables.Keywords: Quality, Image, Brand Equity, Value, Seller's Loyalty DAFTAR PUSTAKA Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Aydın Erdal, and Savrul Burcu Kilinç, 2014. The Relationship between Globalization and E-Commerce: Turkish Case, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 150 1267 – 1276 Bresolles Grégory, Durrieu François, Senecal Sylvain. 2014. A consumer typology based on e-service quality and e-satisfaction. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 21, 889–896 Brunn Peter, Jensen Martin, Skovgaard Jakob. 2002. e-Marketplaces: Crafting A Winning Strategy. European Management Journal Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 286–298 Cunha. 2012. An E-marketplace of Healthcare and Social Care Services: the perceived interest. Procedia Technology 5, 959 – 966 Chi Hsin Kuang, Yeh Huery Ren, Yang Ya Ting. 2009. The Impact of Brand Awareness on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Quality and Brand Loyalty. The Journal of International Management Studies, Volume 4, Number 1 Chien Shu-Hua, Chen Ying-Hueih, Hsu Chin-Yen. 2012. Exploring the impact of trust and relational embeddedness in e-marketplaces: An empirical study in Taiwan. Industrial Marketing Management 41, 460–468 Chircu Alina.M., Mahajan Vijay. 2006. Managing electronic commerce retail transaction costs for customer value. Decision Support Systems 42, 898– 914 D'ambra John, Ramburuth, Prem., & Vatanasakdakul, Savanid. 2010. IT Doesn't Fit! The Influence of Culture on B2B in Thailand. Journal of Global Information Technology Management (Ivy League Publishing). 10-38 Ghozali, Imam. 2006. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Sess. Cetakan Keempat. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponogoro ------------------. 2011. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS19, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. ------------------. 2005. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS. Semarang: UNDIP Goes Paulo, Tu Yanbin, Tung Y.Alex. 2013. Seller heterogeneity in electronic marketplaces: A study of new and experienced sellers in eBay. Decision Support Systems 56, 247–258 Gunasekaran, A., Marri, H. B., McGaughey, R. E., & Nebhwani, M. D. 2002. E-Commerce and its impact on operations management. International Journal of Production Economics, 75,185–197. Hashemi Malayeri, B dan Bastani, F.2000. An introduction to the Internet and the World Wide Web, Part I, Journal of Medical Sciences, TarbiatModarres University, Summer 77, Issue 1, pp. 111. Ho Shu-Chun, and Kauffman Robert.J. 2010. Internet-based selling technology and e-commerce growth: a hybrid growth theory approach with cross-model inference. Inf Technol Manag, 12:409–429 Hong Ilyoo B. 2015. Understanding the consumer's online merchant selection process: The roles of product involvement, perceived risk, and trust expectation. International Journal of Information Management 35, 322–336 Janita M.Soledad, and Miranda F.Javier. 2013. The antecedents of client loyalty in business-to-business (B2B) electronic marketplaces. Industrial Marketing Management 42 814–823 Juntunen Mari, Juntunen Jouni, Juga Jari. 2010. Corporate brand equity and loyalty in B2B markets: A study amonglogistics service purchasers. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Brand Management Vol. 18, 4/5, 300–311 Malhotra, Naresh, dan Birks, David, 2007. Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation 3rd Edition. London: Practice Hall Nam Janghyeon, Ekinci Yuksel, Whyatt Georgina. 2011. Brand Equity, Brand Loyalty and Consumer Satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 1009–1030 Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Malhotra, A. (2005). E-S-QUAL a multiple-item scale for assessing electronic service quality. Journal of Service Research, 7(3), 213–233. Pradiani, Theresia. 2014. Pengaruh Trait Competitiveness Terhadap Sales Performance (Studi Kasus di PT Allianz Life Indonesia). Jurnal JIBEKA, volume 8, 55 – 62. Rauyruen Papassapa, Miller Kenneth.E, Groth Markus. 2009. B2B services: linking service loyalty and brand equity, Journal of Service Marketing 23/3 175–186 Rayport, Jeffrey F and Jaworski, Bernard J. 2002. Introduction to E-commerce. Mcgraw Hill Rong Huang and Emine Sarigollu. 2011. How Brand Awareness Relates to Market Outcome, Brand Equity and the Marketing Mix. Journal of Business Research, vol.65, pp.92-99. S. Muylle, A. Basu, 2008. Online support for business processes by electronic intermediaries, Decision Support Systems 45 (4) 845–857. Savrul Mesut, Incekara Ahmet, Sener Sefer. 2014. The Potential of E-Commerce for SMEs in a Globalizing Business Environment, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 150 35 – 45 Sekaran, Uma, Bougie, Roger, 2010. Research methods for business: a skill building approach. Bandung: Alfabeta Severi Erfan, and Ling Kwek Choon. 2013. The Mediating Effects of Brand Association, Brand Loyalty, Brand Image and Perceived Quality on Brand Equity, Asian Social Science; Vol. 9, No. 3; 2013 Sugiyono. 2002. Metode Penelitian Administrasi. Bandung: CV Alfabeta ------------. 2008. Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Cetakan Keduabelas. Bandung: Alfabeta -----------. 2010. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif & RND. Bandung: Alfabeta Syuhada Ahmad Anshorimuslim, dan Gambetta Windy. 2013. Online Marketplace for Indonesian Micro Small and Medium Enterprises Based on Social Media. Procedia Technology 11, 446 – 454 Tabachnick BG dan Fidel L.S, 2007. “Using Multivariate Statistic” (Fifth Edition) USA: Pearson Eduction Inc. Umar, Husein. 200. Metodologi Penelitian Untuk Skripsi dan Tesis Bisnis, Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka. White, A., Daniel, E., Ward, J., & Wilson, H., 2007. The adoption of consortium B2B emarketplaces: An exploratory study. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16, 71–103. Wu, Jen-Her., & Hisa, Tzyh-lih. 2004. Analysis of E-commerce innovation and impact: a hypercube model, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 389–404 Wang Shan, and Archer Norm. 2007. Business-to-business collaboration through electronic marketplaces: An exploratory study. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management 13 113–126 Zhao Jing, Wang Shan, Huang Wilfred.V. 2008. A study of B2B e-market in China: E-commerce process perspective. Information & Management 45, 242–248 Zhao Kexin, Xia Mu, Shaw Michael.J., Subramaniam Chandrasekar. 2009. The sustainability of B2B e-marketplaces: Ownership structure, market competition, and prior buyer–seller connections. Decision Support Systems 47, 105–114 Zikmund, William G. 2003. Customer Relationship Management: Integrating Marketing Strategy and Information Technology. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Zuo Wenming, Huang Qiuping, Fan Chang, Zhang Zhenpeng. 2013. Quality management of B2C e-commerce service based on human factors engineering, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 12, 309–32

Advances in 3D Spatial Information Systems. Applications in cultural heritage and virtual archeology

[EN] Large point clouds from radars and these-dimensional scanners are commonly used in Archaeology. However, in most cases these models cannot be properly integrated and used in software such as heritage management due to its large size. Therefore, some tools to make this management easier and optimize the processing are needed. In this work, we propone the integration between OpenVDB and GRASS in a C++ module to combine the widen functionality of GRASS GIS with the 3D models management efficiency of OpenVDB. Specifically, this application is used to combine the topographic information of a city with the 3D models of the most significant buildings. This application can be useful for both current cities as well as for virtual reconstruction of existing villages in the olden days and currently disappeared.[ES] En arqueología son frecuentes las grandes nubes de puntos obtenidas mediante herramientas como radares o escáneres tridimensionales. El excesivo tamaño de estos modelos ocasiona que, en la mayoría de los casos, no puedan ser integrados y manejados de forma adecuada y precisa con otros programas como, por ejemplo, los de gestión del patrimonio. Por ello, es necesario encontrar mecanismos que faciliten el manejo de los datos y optimicen su tratamiento. Por ello, en este trabajo se plantea la integración de OpenVDB y GRASS en un módulo implementado en C++, de forma que se combine la potencia y amplia funcionalidad del sistema de información geográfica GRASS con la eficiencia en el manejo de modelos 3D proporcionada por OpenVDB. En concreto, se propone la aplicación directa del mecanismo implementado para la combinación de la información topográfica de la ciudad con los modelos 3D de los edificios más significativos. Esta aplicación podría resultar de utilidad tanto para ciudades actuales como para la reconstrucción virtual de poblaciones existentes en la antigüedad y actualmente desaparecidas.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente subvencionado por la Universidad de Jaén bajo el proyecto de investigación “Gestión del Subsuelo Urbano mediante SIG 3D” - Centro de Estudios Avanzados en TIC.Robles Ortega, MD.; Ortega Alvarado, L.; Feito Higueruela, FR. (2015). Avances en Sistemas de Información Espacial 3D. Aplicaciones en patrimonio y arqueología virtual. Virtual Archaeology Review. 6(12):77-91. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2015.4161SWORD7791612BECKER, S. et al. (2012): "Integrated management of heterogeneous geodata with a hybrid 3D geoinformation system". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. I-2, pp. 87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-I-2-87-2012CIGNONI, P. et al. (1997): "A Comparison of Mesh Simplification Algorithms". Computers & Graphics. Volumen 22, pp. 37-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0097-8493(97)00082-4CLARKSON, C. et al. (2014): "Mapping stone: using GIS spatial modelling to predict lithic source zones". Journal of Archaeological Science. Volumen 46, pp. 324 - 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.03.035FABRIZIO, I.A. et al. (2012): "3D reality-based artefact models for the management of archaeological sites using 3D Gis: a framework starting from the case study of the Pompeii Archaeological area", Journal of Archaeological Science. Volumen 39, nº 5, pp. 1271-1287, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.034.FEITO, F.R., SEGURA, R.J. (2009): "Herramientas SIG 3D". I Congreso Internacional de Arqueología e Informática Gráfica, Patrimonio e Innovación.FISHER-GEWIRTZMAN, D. et al. (2013): "Voxel based volumetric visibility analysis of urban environments". Survey Review. Volumen 45, nº 333, pp. 451-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1752270613y.0000000059LIN, T. et al. (2008): Development of a virtual reality GIS using stereo vision, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. Volumen 63, nº 1, pp. 38-48.LÓPEZ-FRAILE, F.J. et al. (2014): "Aplicaciones SIG en la caracterización geoarqueológica del yacimiento paleolítico de Las Delicias (Madrid, España) y visualización en 3D de los resultados", en Virtual Archaeology Review. Volumen 5, nº 10, pp. 32-44.McCOOL, J.P. (2014): PRAGIS: a test case for a web-based archaeological GIS. Journal of Archaeological Science. Volumen 41, pp. 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.07.037MUSETH, K. (2014): Hierarchical Digital Differential Analyzer for Efficient Ray-Marching in OpenVDB. ACM SIGGRAPH Talk. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2614106.2614136NETELER, M. et al. (2008): Open source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach. 3rd Edition. Springer. ISBN-13: 978-0-387-35767-6. Book Series: The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science: Volume 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68574-8PÉREZ NAVARRO, A et al. (2011): Introducción a los sistemas de información geográfica y geotelemática. Editorial UOC.ROBLES-ORTEGA, M.D. et al. (2013): "Automatic Street Surface Modeling for Web-Based Urban Information Systems". Journal of Urban Planning and Development. Volumen 139, nº 1, pp. 40-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000131SHEN, DY. et al. (2006): "3D simulation of soft geo-objects". International Journal of Geographical Information Science. Volumen 20, nº 3, pp. 261-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810500287149WANG, Y. (2006): 3D GIS Spatial Modeling for City Surface and Subsurface Integration. IGARSS'06.ZAMBELLI, P. et al. (2013): Pygrass: An Object Oriented Python Application Programming Interface (API) for Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, pp. 201-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi201020

A Bibliometric Diagnosis and Analysis about Smart Cities

[EN] This article aims to present a bibliometric analysis of Smart Cities. The study analyzes the most important journals during the period between 1991 and 2019. It provides helpful insights into the document types, the distribution of countries/territories, the distribution of institutions, the authors' geographical distribution, the most active authors and their research interests or fields, the relationships between principal authors and more relevant publications, and the most cited articles. This paper also provides important information about the core and historical references and the most cited papers. The analysis used the keywords and thematic noun-phrases in the titles and abstracts of the sample papers to explore the hot research topics in the top journals (e.g., 'Smart Cities', 'Intelligent Cities', 'Sustainable Cities', 'e-Government', 'Digital Transformation', 'Knowledge-Based City', etc.). The main objective is to have a quantitative description of the published literature about Smart Cities; this description will be the basis for the development of a methodology for the diagnosis of the maturity of a Smart City. The results presented here help to define the scientific concept of Smart Cities and to measure the importance that the term has gained through the years. The study has allowed us to know the main indicators of the published literature in depth, from the date of publication of the first articles and the evolution of these indicators to the present day. From the main indicators in the literature, some were selected to be applied: The most influential journals on Smart Cities according to the general citation structure in Smart Cities, Global Impact Factor of Smart Cities, number of publications, publications on Smart Cities around the world, and their correlation.Pérez, LM.; Oltra Badenes, RF.; Oltra Gutiérrez, JV.; Gil Gómez, H. (2020). A Bibliometric Diagnosis and Analysis about Smart Cities. Sustainability. 12(16):1-43. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166357S1431216Guo, Y.-M., Huang, Z.-L., Guo, J., Li, H., Guo, X.-R., & Nkeli, M. J. (2019). Bibliometric Analysis on Smart Cities Research. Sustainability, 11(13), 3606. doi:10.3390/su11133606Mora, L., Bolici, R., & Deakin, M. (2017). The First Two Decades of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(1), 3-27. doi:10.1080/10630732.2017.1285123Albino, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3-21. doi:10.1080/10630732.2014.942092Li, C., Liu, X., Dai, Z., & Zhao, Z. (2019). Smart City: A Shareable Framework and Its Applications in China. Sustainability, 11(16), 4346. doi:10.3390/su11164346Merigó, J. M., & Yang, J.-B. (2016). Accounting Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Australian Accounting Review, 27(1), 71-100. doi:10.1111/auar.12109Garg, K. C., & Sharma, C. (2017). Bibliometrics of Library and Information Science research in India during 2004-2015. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 37(3), 221-227. doi:10.14429/djlit.37.3.11188Metse, A. P., Wiggers, J. H., Wye, P. M., Wolfenden, L., Prochaska, J. J., Stockings, E. A., … Bowman, J. A. (2016). Smoking and Mental Illness: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Output Over Time. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19(1), 24-31. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw249Broadus, R. N. (1987). Toward a definition of «bibliometrics». Scientometrics, 12(5-6), 373-379. doi:10.1007/bf02016680Hood, W. W., & Wilson, C. S. (2001). Scientometrics, 52(2), 291-314. doi:10.1023/a:1017919924342Thelwall, M. (2008). Bibliometrics to webometrics. Journal of Information Science, 34(4), 605-621. doi:10.1177/0165551507087238Bar-Ilan, J. (2008). Informetrics at the beginning of the 21st century—A review. Journal of Informetrics, 2(1), 1-52. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2007.11.001Narin, F., Olivastro, D., & Stevens, K. A. (1994). Bibliometrics/Theory, Practice and Problems. Evaluation Review, 18(1), 65-76. doi:10.1177/0193841x9401800107Zupic, I., & Čater, T. (2014). Bibliometric Methods in Management and Organization. Organizational Research Methods, 18(3), 429-472. doi:10.1177/1094428114562629OSAREH, F. (1996). Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis and Co-Citation Analysis: A Review of Literature I. Libri, 46(3). doi:10.1515/libr.1996.46.3.149Merigó, J. M., Gil-Lafuente, A. M., & Yager, R. R. (2015). An overview of fuzzy research with bibliometric indicators. Applied Soft Computing, 27, 420-433. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2014.10.035Blanco-Mesa, F., Merigó, J. M., & Gil-Lafuente, A. M. (2017). Fuzzy decision making: A bibliometric-based review. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 32(3), 2033-2050. doi:10.3233/jifs-161640Björneborn, L., & Ingwersen, P. (2004). Toward a basic framework for webometrics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(14), 1216-1227. doi:10.1002/asi.20077Gupta, B. . M., & Dhawan, S. (2019). Electronic books A scientometric assessment of global literature during 1993 2018. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 39(5), 251-258. doi:10.14429/djlit.39.5.14573Kokol, P., Blažun Vošner, H., & Završnik, J. (2020). Application of bibliometrics in medicine: a historical bibliometrics analysis. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 38(2), 125-138. doi:10.1111/hir.12295Michalopoulos, A., & Falagas, M. E. (2005). A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Production in Respiratory Medicine. Chest, 128(6), 3993-3998. doi:10.1378/chest.128.6.3993Lefaivre, K. A., Shadgan, B., & O’Brien, P. J. (2011). 100 Most Cited Articles in Orthopaedic Surgery. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, 469(5), 1487-1497. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1604-1Kelly, J. C., Glynn, R. W., O’Briain, D. E., Felle, P., & McCabe, J. P. (2010). The 100 classic papers of orthopaedic surgery. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume, 92-B(10), 1338-1343. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.92b10.24867Zhang, M., Zhou, Y., Lu, Y., He, S., & Liu, M. (2019). The 100 most-cited articles on prenatal diagnosis. Medicine, 98(38), e17236. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000017236Zou, Y., Luo, Y., Zhang, J., Xia, N., Tan, G., & Huang, C. (2019). Bibliometric analysis of oncolytic virus research, 2000 to 2018. Medicine, 98(35), e16817. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000016817Svider, P. F., Choudhry, Z. A., Choudhry, O. J., Baredes, S., Liu, J. K., & Eloy, J. A. (2012). The use of theh-indexin academic otolaryngology. The Laryngoscope, 123(1), 103-106. doi:10.1002/lary.23569Poskevicius, L., De la Flor-Martínez, M., Galindo-Moreno, P., & Juodzbalys, G. (2019). Scientific Publications in Dentistry in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia Between 1996 and 2018: A Bibliometric Analysis. Medical Science Monitor, 25, 4414-4422. doi:10.12659/msm.914223Ahmad, P., Asif, J. A., Alam, M. K., & Slots, J. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of Periodontology 2000. Periodontology 2000, 82(1), 286-297. doi:10.1111/prd.12328Kostoff, R. N., Toothman, D. R., Eberhart, H. J., & Humenik, J. A. (2001). Text mining using database tomography and bibliometrics: A review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 68(3), 223-253. doi:10.1016/s0040-1625(01)00133-0Grant, J. (2000). Evaluating «payback» on biomedical research from papers cited in clinical guidelines: applied bibliometric study. BMJ, 320(7242), 1107-1111. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7242.1107Vergidis, P. I., Karavasiou, A. I., Paraschakis, K., Bliziotis, I. A., & Falagas, M. E. (2005). Bibliometric analysis of global trends for research productivity in microbiology. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 24(5), 342-346. doi:10.1007/s10096-005-1306-xSuárez Roldan, C., Chaparro, N., & Rojas-Galeano, S. (2019). Análisis Bibliométrico de la Revista Ingeniería (2010-2017). Ingeniería, 24(2). doi:10.14483/23448393.14678Ratten, V., Pellegrini, M. M., Fakhar Manesh, M., & Dabić, M. (2020). Trends and changes in Thunderbird International Business Review journal: A bibliometric review. Thunderbird International Business Review, 62(6), 721-732. doi:10.1002/tie.22124Baker, H. K., Kumar, S., & Pattnaik, D. (2020). Fifty years of The Financial Review  : A bibliometric overview. Financial Review, 55(1), 7-24. doi:10.1111/fire.12228Charlesworth, M., Klein, A. A., & White, S. M. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of the conversion and reporting of pilot studies published in six anaesthesia journals. Anaesthesia, 75(2), 247-253. doi:10.1111/anae.14817Van Noorden, R., Maher, B., & Nuzzo, R. (2014). The top 100 papers. Nature, 514(7524), 550-553. doi:10.1038/514550aNicoll, L. H., Oermann, M. H., Carter‐Templeton, H., Owens, J. K., & Edie, A. H. (2020). A bibliometric analysis of articles identified by editors as representing excellence in nursing publication: Replication and extension. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(5), 1247-1254. doi:10.1111/jan.14316Liu, W., Wang, Z., & Zhao, H. (2020). Comparative study of customer relationship management research from East Asia, North America and Europe: A bibliometric overview. Electronic Markets, 30(4), 735-757. doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00395-7Cronin, B. (2001). Bibliometrics and beyond: some thoughts on web-based citation analysis. Journal of Information Science, 27(1), 1-7. doi:10.1177/016555150102700101Durieux, V., & Gevenois, P. A. (2010). Bibliometric Indicators: Quality Measurements of Scientific Publication. Radiology, 255(2), 342-351. doi:10.1148/radiol.09090626Guerola Navarro, V., Oltra Badenes, R. F., Gil Gomez, H., & Gil Gomez, J. A. (2020). Customer Relationship Management (CRM): A Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics, 10(3), 1. doi:10.1504/ijsoi.2020.10030517Vicedo, P., Gil-Gómez, H., Oltra-Badenes, R., & Guerola-Navarro, V. (2020). A bibliometric overview of how critical success factors influence on enterprise resource planning implementations. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 38(5), 5475-5487. doi:10.3233/jifs-179639Daim, T. U., Rueda, G., Martin, H., & Gerdsri, P. (2006). Forecasting emerging technologies: Use of bibliometrics and patent analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(8), 981-1012. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2006.04.004Fersht, A. (2009). The most influential journals: Impact Factor and Eigenfactor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(17), 6883-6884. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903307106Fu, H.-Z., Wang, M.-H., & Ho, Y.-S. (2013). Mapping of drinking water research: A bibliometric analysis of research output during 1992–2011. Science of The Total Environment, 443, 757-765. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.061Fu, H., Ho, Y., Sui, Y., & Li, Z. (2010). A bibliometric analysis of solid waste research during the period 1993–2008. Waste Management, 30(12), 2410-2417. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.008Wang, H., He, Q., Liu, X., Zhuang, Y., & Hong, S. (2012). Global urbanization research from 1991 to 2009: A systematic research review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104(3-4), 299-309. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.006Ellegaard, O., & Wallin, J. A. (2015). The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact? Scientometrics, 105(3), 1809-1831. doi:10.1007/s11192-015-1645-

A B2B Architecture and Protocol for Researchers Cooperation

Acknowledgement: Electronic version of an article published as International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, Volume 22, Issue 02, 2013, DOI: 10.1142/S021884301350010X © World Scientific Publishing Company http://www.worldscientific.com/Some works on the researchers cooperation's literature provide the key lines for building research networks and propose new protocols and standards for business to business (B2B) data exchange, but none of them explains how researchers should contact and the procedure to select the most appropriate partner of a research enterprise, institute or university. In this paper, we propose a B2B architecture and protocol between research entities, that uses ebXML protocol. The contacts for cooperation are established based on some defined parameters and an information retrieval system. We explain the information retrieval system, the researcher selection procedure, the XML-based protocol and the workflow of our proposal. We also show the information that has to be exchanged to contact other researchers. Several simulations demonstrate that our proposal is a feasible architecture and may be used to promote the research cooperation. The main purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient procedure for searching project partners.Lloret, J.; Tomás Gironés, J.; García Pineda, M.; Lacuesta Contreras, R. (2013). A B2B Architecture and Protocol for Researchers Cooperation. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems. 22(2):1-27. doi:10.1142/S021884301350010XS127222B. Wellman and S. D. Berkowitz, Social Structures: A Network Approach (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988) pp. 19–61.Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social Network Analysis. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511815478Wellman, B., Salaff, J., Dimitrova, D., Garton, L., Gulia, M., & Haythornthwaite, C. (1996). Computer Networks as Social Networks: Collaborative Work, Telework, and Virtual Community. Annual Review of Sociology, 22(1), 213-238. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.213Fulk, J., & Steinfield, C. (1990). Organizations and Communication Technology. doi:10.4135/9781483325385B. Wellman and M. Gulia, Networks in the Global Village (Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1997) pp. 331–367.Marsden, P. V., & Campbell, K. E. (1984). Measuring Tie Strength. Social Forces, 63(2), 482-501. doi:10.1093/sf/63.2.482Wellman, B., & Wortley, S. (1990). Different Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support. American Journal of Sociology, 96(3), 558-588. doi:10.1086/229572Adamic, L., & Adar, E. (2005). How to search a social network. Social Networks, 27(3), 187-203. doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2005.01.007Ebel, H., Mielsch, L.-I., & Bornholdt, S. (2002). Scale-free topology of e-mail networks. Physical Review E, 66(3). doi:10.1103/physreve.66.035103Jung, J.-Y., Kim, H., & Kang, S.-H. (2006). Standards-based approaches to B2B workflow integration. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 51(2), 321-334. doi:10.1016/j.cie.2006.02.011Lloret, J., Palau, C., Boronat, F., & Tomas, J. (2008). Improving networks using group-based topologies. Computer Communications, 31(14), 3438-3450. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2008.05.030Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomás, J., & Boronat, F. (2008). GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 23(3), 461-480. doi:10.1007/s11390-008-9147-6Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Bri, D., & Diaz, J. R. (2009). Study and performance of a group-based Content Delivery Network. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 32(5), 991-999. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2009.03.008Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomas, J., & Sendra, S. (2010). A group-based architecture for grids. Telecommunication Systems, 46(2), 117-133. doi:10.1007/s11235-010-9279-1Lin, T.-C., & Huang, C.-C. (2010). Withholding effort in knowledge contribution: The role of social exchange and social cognitive on project teams. Information & Management, 47(3), 188-196. doi:10.1016/j.im.2010.02.001Maron, M. E., & Kuhns, J. L. (1960). On Relevance, Probabilistic Indexing and Information Retrieval. Journal of the ACM, 7(3), 216-244. doi:10.1145/321033.321035Tomás, J., Lloret, J., & Casacuberta, F. (2005). Phrase-Based Alignment Models for Statistical Machine Translation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 605-613. doi:10.1007/11492542_74Turel, O., & Zhang, Y. (Jenny). (2011). Should I e-collaborate with this group? A multilevel model of usage intentions. Information & Management, 48(1), 62-68. doi:10.1016/j.im.2010.12.004Okuda, T., Tanaka, E., & Kasai, T. (1976). A Method for the Correction of Garbled Words Based on the Levenshtein Metric. IEEE Transactions on Computers, C-25(2), 172-178. doi:10.1109/tc.1976.500923

Art and Science in the Age of Digital Reproduction: From Mimetic Representation to Interactive Virtual Reality

[EN] This paper places the digital humanities generally and virtual archaeology in particular into the larger context of the evolution of the arts and sciences from antiquity through the Middle Ages and Renaissance to the present, postmodern period.The argument is made that the basis of virtual reality representations of cultural objects is not primarily mimetic but interactive and that in this sense virtual archaeology reflects larger trends in contemporary science and the arts.[ES] Este artículo sitúa a las humanidades digitales en general y a la arqueología virtual en particular dentro del largo contexto de la evolución de las artes y las ciencias desde la antigüedad a través de la Edad Media y del Renacimiento hasta el presente, el período posmoderno.Frischer, B. (2011). Art and Science in the Age of Digital Reproduction: From Mimetic Representation to Interactive Virtual Reality. Virtual Archaeology Review. 2(4):19-32. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2011.4544OJS193224ANON. (2006): "L'invenzione della prospettiva," in L'uomo del rinascimento. Leon Battista Alberti e le arti a Firenze tra ragione e bellezza. Mandragora. Florence. pp. 371-378.ANON. (2009A): "Non-Euclidean Geometry," [online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-euclidian_geometry [Consulted: 4-3-09].ANON. (2009B): "Mirror Neuron," [online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_neurons [Consulted 4-6-09].ANGLIN, W. S. (1996): Mathematics. A Concise History and Philosophy, corrected second printing edition. Springer Verlag. New York.BENJAMIN, Walter (1968): "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction," in Illuminations. Essays and Reflections, edited and with an Introduction by Hannah Arendt. Shocken Books. New York, p. 217-252; [online] www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm [Consulted: 9/1/08].BORDALEJO, Barbara (2006): "Stemmatics," [online] www.textualscholarship. org/stemmatics/index.html [Consulted: 9-1-08].BORGMAN, Christine L. (2007): Scholarship in the Digital Age. Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA.COPERNICUS, Nicholas (1978): On the Revolutions, edited by Jerzy Dobrzycki with translation and commentary by Edward Rosen. Palgrave. Baltimore.CROSBY, Alfred W. (1997): The Measure of Reality. Quantification and Western Society, 1250-1600. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.DUE, Casey and Ebbott, Mary (2007): "The Homer Multitext Project," [online] http://chs.harvard.edu/chs/homer_multitext [Consulted: 4-5-09].DUPRE , Louis (1993): Passage to Modernity. Yale University Press. New Haven.ECO, Umberto (1992): Interpretation and Overinterpretation. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.FEINGOLD, Mordechai (2004): The Newtonian Moment. Oxford University Press. New York.FIORANI, Francesca (2004): "Leonardo da Vinci & His Treatise on Painting," [online] www.treatiseonpainting.org/ [Consulted: 4-5-09].FRISCHER, Bernard (2006): "New Directions for Cultural Virtual Reality. A Global Strategy for Archiving, Serving and Exhibiting 3D Computer Models of Cultural Heritage Sites," Virtual Retrospect 2005 (Biarritz, 2006) 168-175, [online] www.iath.virginia.edu/~bf3e/revision/pdf/ VR_Frischer2005.pdf .FRISCHER, Bernard (2008): "From Digital Illustration to Digital Heuristics," in Beyond Illustration: 2D and 3D Technologies as Tools of Discovery in Archaeology, edited by Bernard Frischer and Anastasia Dakouri-Hild, BAR International Series 1805. Archaeopress. Oxford, pp v-xxiv.FRISCHER, Bernard and Anastasia Dakouri-Hild, editors. (2008). Beyond Illustration: 2D and 3D Technologies as Tools of Discovery in Archaeology, BAR International Series 1805. Archaeopress. Oxford.GADAMER, Hans-Georg (1960): Wahrheit und Methode. Grundzüge einer philosophischen Hermeneutik. J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).Tubingen.GALILEI, Galileo (1957): "The Starry Messenger," in Stillman Drake, editor and translator, Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo. Doubleday. New York, pp. 21-58.GINGERICH, Owen (2005): The Book Nobody Read. Walker Publishing. New York.GRANT, James (2008): "The Buck Stopped Then," The New York Times, September 24, 2008, p. A31.GRENDLER, Paul F. (2002): The Universities of the Italian Renaissance. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore and London.GUIDI, Gabriele, Frischer, Bernard, et al. (2007): "Rome Reborn-Virtualizing Ancient Imperial Rome," [online], www.commission5.isprs.org/3darch07/pdf/guidi_etal.pdf [Consulted: 4-1-09].GUIDI, Gabriele, Frischer, Bernard, et al. (2008): "Virtualising Ancient Imperial Rome: From Gismondi's Physical Model to a New Virtual Reality Application," International Journal of Digital Culture and Electronic Tourism 1, nos. 2-3, pp. 240-252.HARRIS, Edward C. (1989): Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. Academic. London.HAWKINSON, Tim (2008). Interview of Tim Hawkinson, [online] www.pbs.org/art21/artists/hawkinson/clip2.html [Consulted: 9-1- 08].HUIZINGA, Johan (1955): Homo ludens. A Study of the Play Element in Culture. Beacon Press. Boston.IACOBONI, Marco (2008): Mirroring People. The New Science of How We Connect with Others. Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. New York.IVINS, William Mills (1973): On the Rationalization of Sight, with an Examination of Three Renaissance Texts on Perspective. Da Capo Press. New York.JOHNSON, Steven (2005): Everything Bad Is Good for You. Penguin Group. New York.KANT, Immanuel (1982): The Critique of Judgment, translated by James Creed Meredith. Oxford University Press. Oxford.KEMP, Martin (1990): The Science of Art. Optical Themes in Western Art from Brunelleschi to Seurat. Yale University Press. New Haven and London.KLINE, Morris (1967): Mathematics for the Nonmathematician. Dover. New York.KOLLER, David and Levoy, Marc (2005): "Computer-aided Reconstruction and new Matches in the Forma Urbis Romae," Bullettino Della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma, Supp. 15, pp. 103-125.KOLLER, David, Trimble, Jennifer, Najbjerg, Tina, Gelfand, Natasha, and Levoy, Marc, (2006): "Fragments of the City: Stanford's Digital Forma Urbis Romae Project," Proc. Third Williams Symposium on Classical Architecture, Journal of Roman Archaeology Suppl. 61, pp. 237- 252.KOLLER, David (2008): "Virtual Archaeology and Computer-aided Reconstruction of the Severan Marble Plan," in Beyond Illustration: 2D and 3D Technologies as Tools of Discovery in Archaeology, edited by Bernard Frischer and Anastasia Dakouri-Hild, BAR International Series 1805. Archaeopress. Oxford, pp. 125-133.KRISTELLER, Paul O. (1990): "The Modern System of the Arts," in Renaissance Thought and the Arts. Princeton University Press. Princeton, pp. 163-227.KUHN, Thomas (1970): The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, second edition. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.KUNG, Han (1996): Christianity: Essence, History, and Future. Continuum International Publishing Group. New York.KUSUKAWA, Sachiko (1999): "Copernicus' Book," [online] www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/ coperbooks.html [Consulted: 9-1-08].LE GOFF, Jacques (1993): Intellectuals in the Middle Ages, translated by T.L. Fagan. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.LEFF, Gorden (1992): "The Trivium and the Three Philosophies," in A History of the University in Europe, volume 1: Universities in the Middle Ages, general editor Walter Ruegg, edited by H. De Ridder-Symoens. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, pp. 307-335.LUCAS, Christopher J. (2006): American Higher Education. A History, second edition. Palgrave. New York.MACH, Ernst (1914): The Analysis of Sensations and the Relationship of the Physical to the Psychical, translated by C. M. Williams. The Open Court Publishing Company. Chicago and London.NETZ, Reviel and William Noel (2007): The Archimedes Codex. Da Capo Press. Philadelphia.MILLINER, Matthew J. (2008): "Apophatic Beauty," September 10, 2008, [online] www. firstthings.com/onthesquare/?p=1166 [Consulted: 9-1-08].NEWTON, Isaac (1687): Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica. Royal Society. London.ONG, Walter (1958): Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.ONG, Walter (1962): The Barbarian Within. Macmillan. New York.POJMAN, Paul (2008): "Ernst Mach," in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [online] http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ernst-mach/ [Consulted: 9-1-08].POPPER, Karl (1965). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Harper Torchbooks. New York.REISS, Timothy (2000). "From Trivium to Quadrivium: Ramus, Method, and Mathematical Technology," in The Renaissance Computer, edited by Neil Rhodes, Jonathan Sawday (Routledge, London: 2000), pp. 45-58.SCHIAVO, Laura Burd (2003): "From Phantom Image to Perfect Vision," in New Media, 1740-1915, edited by Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey B. Pingree. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA and London, pp. 113-138.SEIDEL-MENCHI, Silvana (1987): Erasmo in Italia, 1520-1580. Bollati Boringhieri. Turin.SELLBERG, Erland Sellberg (2006): "Petrus Ramus," in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, [online] http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ramus/ [Consulted: 9-1-08].SMITH, Peter K., editor (1984): Play in Animals and Humans. Basil Blackwell. Oxford.SNOW, C.P. (1969): "The Two Cultures: A Second Look," in The Two Cultures: and A Second Look. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.SVANAES, Dag (2000): Understanding Interactivity - Steps to a Phenomenology of Human-Computer Interaction. Ph.D. (Dr.Philos.) in Computer Science, NTNU, Trondheim.TAPSCOTT, Don and Williams, Anthony D. (2006): Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. Portfolio. New York.WAGNER, Caroline (2008): The New Invisible College. Brookings Institution Press. Washington, D.C.WEINBERG, Alvin M. (1961): "Impact of Large-Scale Science on the United States," Science 134, no. 3473, pp. 161-164.http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.134.3473.161WEST, Martin L. (1973): Textual Criticsm and Editorial Technique. Teubner. Stuttgart.WESTMAN, Robert (2008): "Copernicus," Encyclopedia Britannica, [online] http://search.eb. com/shakespeare/print?articleId=105759&fullArticle=true&tocId=8437.WOIT, Peter (2006): Not Even Wrong: The Failure of String Theory and the Search for Unity in Physical Law. Basic Books. New York.ZIMAN, John (1978): Reliable Knowledge. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge