926,295 research outputs found

    A Bibliometric Diagnosis and Analysis about Smart Cities

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    [EN] This article aims to present a bibliometric analysis of Smart Cities. The study analyzes the most important journals during the period between 1991 and 2019. It provides helpful insights into the document types, the distribution of countries/territories, the distribution of institutions, the authors' geographical distribution, the most active authors and their research interests or fields, the relationships between principal authors and more relevant publications, and the most cited articles. This paper also provides important information about the core and historical references and the most cited papers. The analysis used the keywords and thematic noun-phrases in the titles and abstracts of the sample papers to explore the hot research topics in the top journals (e.g., 'Smart Cities', 'Intelligent Cities', 'Sustainable Cities', 'e-Government', 'Digital Transformation', 'Knowledge-Based City', etc.). The main objective is to have a quantitative description of the published literature about Smart Cities; this description will be the basis for the development of a methodology for the diagnosis of the maturity of a Smart City. The results presented here help to define the scientific concept of Smart Cities and to measure the importance that the term has gained through the years. The study has allowed us to know the main indicators of the published literature in depth, from the date of publication of the first articles and the evolution of these indicators to the present day. From the main indicators in the literature, some were selected to be applied: The most influential journals on Smart Cities according to the general citation structure in Smart Cities, Global Impact Factor of Smart Cities, number of publications, publications on Smart Cities around the world, and their correlation.Pérez, LM.; Oltra Badenes, RF.; Oltra Gutiérrez, JV.; Gil Gómez, H. (2020). A Bibliometric Diagnosis and Analysis about Smart Cities. Sustainability. 12(16):1-43. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166357S1431216Guo, Y.-M., Huang, Z.-L., Guo, J., Li, H., Guo, X.-R., & Nkeli, M. J. (2019). Bibliometric Analysis on Smart Cities Research. Sustainability, 11(13), 3606. doi:10.3390/su11133606Mora, L., Bolici, R., & Deakin, M. (2017). The First Two Decades of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(1), 3-27. doi:10.1080/10630732.2017.1285123Albino, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3-21. doi:10.1080/10630732.2014.942092Li, C., Liu, X., Dai, Z., & Zhao, Z. (2019). Smart City: A Shareable Framework and Its Applications in China. Sustainability, 11(16), 4346. doi:10.3390/su11164346Merigó, J. M., & Yang, J.-B. (2016). Accounting Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Australian Accounting Review, 27(1), 71-100. doi:10.1111/auar.12109Garg, K. C., & Sharma, C. (2017). Bibliometrics of Library and Information Science research in India during 2004-2015. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 37(3), 221-227. doi:10.14429/djlit.37.3.11188Metse, A. P., Wiggers, J. H., Wye, P. M., Wolfenden, L., Prochaska, J. J., Stockings, E. A., … Bowman, J. A. (2016). Smoking and Mental Illness: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Output Over Time. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19(1), 24-31. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw249Broadus, R. N. (1987). Toward a definition of «bibliometrics». Scientometrics, 12(5-6), 373-379. doi:10.1007/bf02016680Hood, W. W., & Wilson, C. S. (2001). Scientometrics, 52(2), 291-314. doi:10.1023/a:1017919924342Thelwall, M. (2008). Bibliometrics to webometrics. Journal of Information Science, 34(4), 605-621. doi:10.1177/0165551507087238Bar-Ilan, J. (2008). Informetrics at the beginning of the 21st century—A review. Journal of Informetrics, 2(1), 1-52. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2007.11.001Narin, F., Olivastro, D., & Stevens, K. A. (1994). Bibliometrics/Theory, Practice and Problems. Evaluation Review, 18(1), 65-76. doi:10.1177/0193841x9401800107Zupic, I., & Čater, T. (2014). Bibliometric Methods in Management and Organization. Organizational Research Methods, 18(3), 429-472. doi:10.1177/1094428114562629OSAREH, F. (1996). Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis and Co-Citation Analysis: A Review of Literature I. Libri, 46(3). doi:10.1515/libr.1996.46.3.149Merigó, J. M., Gil-Lafuente, A. M., & Yager, R. R. (2015). An overview of fuzzy research with bibliometric indicators. Applied Soft Computing, 27, 420-433. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2014.10.035Blanco-Mesa, F., Merigó, J. M., & Gil-Lafuente, A. M. (2017). Fuzzy decision making: A bibliometric-based review. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 32(3), 2033-2050. doi:10.3233/jifs-161640Björneborn, L., & Ingwersen, P. (2004). Toward a basic framework for webometrics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(14), 1216-1227. doi:10.1002/asi.20077Gupta, B. . M., & Dhawan, S. (2019). Electronic books A scientometric assessment of global literature during 1993 2018. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 39(5), 251-258. doi:10.14429/djlit.39.5.14573Kokol, P., Blažun Vošner, H., & Završnik, J. (2020). Application of bibliometrics in medicine: a historical bibliometrics analysis. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 38(2), 125-138. doi:10.1111/hir.12295Michalopoulos, A., & Falagas, M. E. (2005). A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Production in Respiratory Medicine. Chest, 128(6), 3993-3998. doi:10.1378/chest.128.6.3993Lefaivre, K. A., Shadgan, B., & O’Brien, P. J. (2011). 100 Most Cited Articles in Orthopaedic Surgery. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, 469(5), 1487-1497. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1604-1Kelly, J. C., Glynn, R. W., O’Briain, D. E., Felle, P., & McCabe, J. P. (2010). The 100 classic papers of orthopaedic surgery. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume, 92-B(10), 1338-1343. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.92b10.24867Zhang, M., Zhou, Y., Lu, Y., He, S., & Liu, M. (2019). The 100 most-cited articles on prenatal diagnosis. Medicine, 98(38), e17236. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000017236Zou, Y., Luo, Y., Zhang, J., Xia, N., Tan, G., & Huang, C. (2019). Bibliometric analysis of oncolytic virus research, 2000 to 2018. Medicine, 98(35), e16817. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000016817Svider, P. F., Choudhry, Z. A., Choudhry, O. J., Baredes, S., Liu, J. K., & Eloy, J. A. (2012). The use of theh-indexin academic otolaryngology. The Laryngoscope, 123(1), 103-106. doi:10.1002/lary.23569Poskevicius, L., De la Flor-Martínez, M., Galindo-Moreno, P., & Juodzbalys, G. (2019). Scientific Publications in Dentistry in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia Between 1996 and 2018: A Bibliometric Analysis. Medical Science Monitor, 25, 4414-4422. doi:10.12659/msm.914223Ahmad, P., Asif, J. A., Alam, M. K., & Slots, J. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of Periodontology 2000. Periodontology 2000, 82(1), 286-297. doi:10.1111/prd.12328Kostoff, R. N., Toothman, D. R., Eberhart, H. J., & Humenik, J. A. (2001). Text mining using database tomography and bibliometrics: A review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 68(3), 223-253. doi:10.1016/s0040-1625(01)00133-0Grant, J. (2000). Evaluating «payback» on biomedical research from papers cited in clinical guidelines: applied bibliometric study. BMJ, 320(7242), 1107-1111. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7242.1107Vergidis, P. I., Karavasiou, A. I., Paraschakis, K., Bliziotis, I. A., & Falagas, M. E. (2005). Bibliometric analysis of global trends for research productivity in microbiology. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 24(5), 342-346. doi:10.1007/s10096-005-1306-xSuárez Roldan, C., Chaparro, N., & Rojas-Galeano, S. (2019). Análisis Bibliométrico de la Revista Ingeniería (2010-2017). Ingeniería, 24(2). doi:10.14483/23448393.14678Ratten, V., Pellegrini, M. M., Fakhar Manesh, M., & Dabić, M. (2020). Trends and changes in Thunderbird International Business Review journal: A bibliometric review. Thunderbird International Business Review, 62(6), 721-732. doi:10.1002/tie.22124Baker, H. K., Kumar, S., & Pattnaik, D. (2020). Fifty years of The Financial Review  : A bibliometric overview. Financial Review, 55(1), 7-24. doi:10.1111/fire.12228Charlesworth, M., Klein, A. A., & White, S. M. (2019). A bibliometric analysis of the conversion and reporting of pilot studies published in six anaesthesia journals. Anaesthesia, 75(2), 247-253. doi:10.1111/anae.14817Van Noorden, R., Maher, B., & Nuzzo, R. (2014). The top 100 papers. Nature, 514(7524), 550-553. doi:10.1038/514550aNicoll, L. H., Oermann, M. H., Carter‐Templeton, H., Owens, J. K., & Edie, A. H. (2020). A bibliometric analysis of articles identified by editors as representing excellence in nursing publication: Replication and extension. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(5), 1247-1254. doi:10.1111/jan.14316Liu, W., Wang, Z., & Zhao, H. (2020). Comparative study of customer relationship management research from East Asia, North America and Europe: A bibliometric overview. Electronic Markets, 30(4), 735-757. doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00395-7Cronin, B. (2001). Bibliometrics and beyond: some thoughts on web-based citation analysis. Journal of Information Science, 27(1), 1-7. doi:10.1177/016555150102700101Durieux, V., & Gevenois, P. A. (2010). Bibliometric Indicators: Quality Measurements of Scientific Publication. Radiology, 255(2), 342-351. doi:10.1148/radiol.09090626Guerola Navarro, V., Oltra Badenes, R. F., Gil Gomez, H., & Gil Gomez, J. A. (2020). Customer Relationship Management (CRM): A Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics, 10(3), 1. doi:10.1504/ijsoi.2020.10030517Vicedo, P., Gil-Gómez, H., Oltra-Badenes, R., & Guerola-Navarro, V. (2020). A bibliometric overview of how critical success factors influence on enterprise resource planning implementations. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 38(5), 5475-5487. doi:10.3233/jifs-179639Daim, T. U., Rueda, G., Martin, H., & Gerdsri, P. (2006). Forecasting emerging technologies: Use of bibliometrics and patent analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(8), 981-1012. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2006.04.004Fersht, A. (2009). The most influential journals: Impact Factor and Eigenfactor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(17), 6883-6884. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903307106Fu, H.-Z., Wang, M.-H., & Ho, Y.-S. (2013). Mapping of drinking water research: A bibliometric analysis of research output during 1992–2011. Science of The Total Environment, 443, 757-765. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.061Fu, H., Ho, Y., Sui, Y., & Li, Z. (2010). A bibliometric analysis of solid waste research during the period 1993–2008. Waste Management, 30(12), 2410-2417. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.008Wang, H., He, Q., Liu, X., Zhuang, Y., & Hong, S. (2012). Global urbanization research from 1991 to 2009: A systematic research review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 104(3-4), 299-309. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.11.006Ellegaard, O., & Wallin, J. A. (2015). The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact? Scientometrics, 105(3), 1809-1831. doi:10.1007/s11192-015-1645-

    Sustainability and Kaizen: Business Model Trends in Healthcare

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    [EN] Kaizen, or continuous improvement, is a management tool that allows the identification of activities that have no value in the processes examined. This identification leads to the improvement of these processes within any organization and promotes economic and social sustainability, and to a lesser extent environmental sustainability. Kaizen, already widely and successfully employed in the industrial sector, is now being applied in the health sector. However, the health sector tends to publish only the results of how processes have been improved in finely focused areas and the resulting benefits. The majority of the benefits focus on time and cost reduction. In this study, the authors carried out a bibliometric analysis using the Scimat program, which maps the thematic evolution of Kaizen in the health sector and its relationship with sustainability, in order to promote the interest of the health sector for this type of process improvement. The findings confirm that the implementation of Kaizen is recent and constantly evolves and grows, and that it can help economic and social sustainability, and to a lesser extent environmental sustainability.Morell-Santandreu, O.; Santandreu Mascarell, C.; García Sabater, JJ. (2020). Sustainability and Kaizen: Business Model Trends in Healthcare. Sustainability. 12(24):1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410622S1281224Sepetis, A. (2019). Sustainable Health Care Management in the Greek Health Care Sector. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 07(12), 386-402. doi:10.4236/jss.2019.712030Sustainable Healthcare—Working towards the Paradigm Shift https://www.anhinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/old/files/100617SustainableHealthcare_White-Paper.pdfWeisz, U., Haas, W., Pelikan, J. M., & Schmied, H. (2011). Sustainable Hospitals: A Socio-Ecological Approach. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 20(3), 191-198. doi:10.14512/gaia.20.3.10McGain, F., & Naylor, C. (2014). Environmental sustainability in hospitals – a systematic review and research agenda. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 19(4), 245-252. doi:10.1177/1355819614534836D’Andreamatteo, A., Ianni, L., Lega, F., & Sargiacomo, M. (2015). Lean in healthcare: A comprehensive review. Health Policy, 119(9), 1197-1209. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.02.002Norazlan, A. N. I., Habidin, N. F., Roslan, M. H., & Zainudin, M. Z. (2014). Investigation of kaizen blitz and sustainable performance for Malaysian healthcare industry. International Journal of Quality and Innovation, 2(3/4), 272. doi:10.1504/ijqi.2014.066381Patient Safety in Developing and Transitional Countries 2012 www.who.int/patientsafety/research/emro_afro_report.pdfElmontsri, M., Almashrafi, A., Banarsee, R., & Majeed, A. (2017). Status of patient safety culture in Arab countries: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 7(2), e013487. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013487Paul Brunet, A., & New, S. (2003). Kaizenin Japan: an empirical study. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23(12), 1426-1446. doi:10.1108/01443570310506704Ferreira, D. M. C., & Saurin, T. A. (2019). A complexity theory perspective of kaizen: a study in healthcare. Production Planning & Control, 30(16), 1337-1353. doi:10.1080/09537287.2019.1615649Chahal, H., & Fayza, N. A. (2016). An exploratory study on kaizen muda and organisational sustainability: patients’ perspective. International Journal of Lean Enterprise Research, 2(1), 81. doi:10.1504/ijler.2016.078249Ishijima, H., Nishikido, K., Teshima, M., Nishikawa, S., & Gawad, E. A. (2019). Introducing the «5S-KAIZEN-TQM» approach into public hospitals in Egypt. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 33(1), 89-109. doi:10.1108/ijhcqa-06-2018-0143Mazzocato, P., Stenfors-Hayes, T., von Thiele Schwarz, U., Hasson, H., & Nyström, M. E. (2016). Kaizen practice in healthcare: a qualitative analysis of hospital employees’ suggestions for improvement. BMJ Open, 6(7), e012256. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012256Gowen, C. R., McFadden, K. L., & Settaluri, S. (2012). Contrasting continuous quality improvement, Six Sigma, and lean management for enhanced outcomes in US hospitals. American Journal of Business, 27(2), 133-153. doi:10.1108/19355181211274442Grove, A. L., Meredith, J. O., MacIntyre, M., Angelis, J., & Neailey, K. (2010). UK health visiting: challenges faced during lean implementation. Leadership in Health Services, 23(3), 204-218. doi:10.1108/17511871011061037Ho, S. K. M. (2010). Integrated lean TQM model for global sustainability and competitiveness. The TQM Journal, 22(2), 143+-158. doi:10.1108/17542731011024264DelliFraine, J. L., Langabeer, J. R., & Nembhard, I. M. (2010). Assessing the Evidence of Six Sigma and Lean in the Health Care Industry. Quality Management in Health Care, 19(3), 211-225. doi:10.1097/qmh.0b013e3181eb140eSouza, J. P. E., & Alves, J. M. (2018). Lean-integrated management system: A model for sustainability improvement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 2667-2682. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.144Costa, L. B. M., & Godinho Filho, M. (2016). Lean healthcare: review, classification and analysis of literature. Production Planning & Control, 27(10), 823-836. doi:10.1080/09537287.2016.1143131Costa, D. G. da, Pasin, S. S., Magalhães, A. M. M. de, Moura, G. M. S. S. de, Rosso, C. B., & Saurin, T. A. (2018). Analysis of the preparation and administration of medications in the hospital context based on Lean thinking. Escola Anna Nery, 22(4). doi:10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0402Van Aken, J., Chandrasekaran, A., & Halman, J. (2016). Conducting and publishing design science research. Journal of Operations Management, 47-48(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jom.2016.06.004Glover, W. J., Farris, J. A., Van Aken, E. M., & Doolen, T. L. (2011). Critical success factors for the sustainability of Kaizen event human resource outcomes: An empirical study. International Journal of Production Economics, 132(2), 197-213. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.04.005Glover, W. J., Liu, W., Farris, J. A., & Van Aken, E. M. (2013). Characteristics of established kaizen event programs: an empirical study. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 33(9), 1166-1201. doi:10.1108/ijopm-03-2011-0119Aij, K. H., & Rapsaniotis, S. (2017). Leadership requirements for Lean versus servant leadership in health care: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, Volume 9, 1-14. doi:10.2147/jhl.s120166Garcia, S., Cintra, Y., Torres, R. de C. S. R., & Lima, F. G. (2016). Corporate sustainability management: a proposed multi-criteria model to support balanced decision-making. Journal of Cleaner Production, 136, 181-196. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.110The Sustainability Yearbook 2014 https://www.p-plus.nl/resources/articlefiles/SustainabilityYearbook2014.pdfRebelo, M. F., Santos, G., & Silva, R. (2016). Integration of management systems: towards a sustained success and development of organizations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 96-111. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.011Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 146-166. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2010.10.002Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2012). SciMAT: A new science mapping analysis software tool. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(8), 1609-1630. doi:10.1002/asi.22688Martínez-Jurado, P. J., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2014). Lean Management, Supply Chain Management and Sustainability: A Literature Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 85, 134-150. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.042López-Robles, J.-R., Guallar, J., Otegi-Olaso, J.-R., & Gamboa-Rosales, N.-K. (2019). El profesional de la información (EPI): Bibliometric and thematic analysis (2006-2017). El Profesional de la Información, 28(4). doi:10.3145/epi.2019.jul.17WOS Database Available from the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology https://www.recursoscientificos.fecyt.es/Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) www.fecyt.esJiménez-García, M., Ruiz-Chico, J., Peña-Sánchez, A. R., & López-Sánchez, J. A. (2020). A Bibliometric Analysis of Sports Tourism and Sustainability (2002–2019). Sustainability, 12(7), 2840. doi:10.3390/su12072840Chiarini, A., Baccarani, C., & Mascherpa, V. (2018). Lean production, Toyota Production System and Kaizen philosophy. The TQM Journal, 30(4), 425-438. doi:10.1108/tqm-12-2017-0178Garcia, J. A. M., Sabater, J. J. G., & Bonavia, T. (2009). The impact of Kaizen Events on improving the performance of automotive components’ first-tier suppliers. 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    Analyzing cultural expatriates' attitudes toward “Englishnization” using dynamic topic modeling

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    [EN] Several Japanese multinational corporations (MNCs) have recently adopted an English-only policy known as “Englishnization”. This study examines the impact of this policy using computer-assisted text analysis to investigate changes in cultural expatriates’ perceptions of Japanese work practices and values over time. Cultural expatriates are a significant but underexplored outcome of globalization. Despite the recent proliferation of studies on the internationalization of Japanese MNCs, few studies have focused on cultural expatriates' perceptions of corporate language policy in social media texts. This study analyzes a corpus of 208 posts from Rakuten, a Japanese MNC, on Glassdoor from 2009 to 2020. The findings suggest that these posts can be divided into three content groups: the threat of a foreign corporate culture, embracing the Rakuten way, and perceptions of leadership and marginalized status. Further, the posts reveal how Rakuten’s corporate language policy, as an instrument of internal internationalization, impacts external internationalization. The dynamics of “Englishnization’’ reveal a pressing issue facing Rakuten: namely, how to balance multinational cohesion with monolingualism and multiculturalism. This paper aims to demonstrate that dynamic topic modeling could enhance our understanding of the manner in which cultural expatriates and the English-only policy affect the internationalization of Japanese MNCs. It contributes to the literature by examining cultural expatriates’ perceptions of Japanese work practices and values from a diachronic perspective.Zhang, Z. (2021). Analyzing cultural expatriates' attitudes toward “Englishnization” using dynamic topic modeling. Journal of Computer-Assisted Linguistic Research. 5(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.4995/jclr.2021.15909OJS12651Alalwan, Ali Abdallah. 2018. 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    Do Socially Conscious ETFs Match their Active Counterparts?

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    Over the past decade, Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) has grown at a rapid pace and, by some estimates, now represents a quarter of the $48 trillion in assets under professional management in the United States. At the same time, investors have broadly shifted from active to passive investing strategies. While there is significant research in each of these respective areas, we believe that we are the first to examine whether a socially conscious investor can employ a passive approach or if the constrained nature of SRI necessitates active management. As such, we examine the performance of socially conscious ETFs versus a matched sample of actively managed SRI mutual funds. We find the performance, as a whole, to be insignificantly different between the two groups, suggesting that social investors may be able to follow a passive approach without sacrificing performance

    Control, Process Facilitation, and Requirements Change in Offshore Requirements Analysis: The Provider Perspective

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    Process, technology, and project factors have been increasingly driving organizations to offshore early software development phases, such as requirements analysis. This emerging trend necessitates greater control and process facilitation between client and vendor sites. The effectiveness of control and facilitation has, however, not been examined within the context of requirements analysis and change. In this study, we examine the role of control and facilitation in managing changing requirements and on success of requirements gathering in the Indian offshore software development environment. Firms found that control by client-site coordinators had a positive impact on requirements analysis success while vender site-coordinators did not have similar influence. Process facilitation by client site-coordinators affected requirements phase success indirectly through control. The study concludes with recommendations for research and practice

    Costing the supply chain for delivery of ACT and RDTs in the public sector in Benin and Kenya

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    Studies have shown that supply chain costs are a significant proportion of total programme costs. Nevertheless, the costs of delivering specific products are poorly understood and ballpark estimates are often used to inadequately plan for the budgetary implications of supply chain expenses. The purpose of this research was to estimate the country level costs of the public sector supply chain for artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) from the central to the peripheral levels in Benin and Kenya.MethodsA micro-costing approach was used and primary data on the various cost components of the supply chain was collected at the central, intermediate, and facility levels between September and November 2013. Information sources included central warehouse databases, health facility records, transport schedules, and expenditure reports. Data from document reviews and semi-structured interviews were used to identify cost inputs and estimate actual costs. Sampling was purposive to isolate key variables of interest. Survey guides were developed and administered electronically. Data were extracted into Microsoft Excel®, and the supply chain cost per unit of ACT and RDT distributed by function and level of system was calculated.ResultsIn Benin, supply chain costs added USD 0.2011 to the initial acquisition cost of ACT and USD 0.3375 to RDTs (normalized to USD 1). In Kenya, they added USD 0.2443 to the acquisition cost of ACT and USD 0.1895 to RDTs (normalized to USD 1). Total supply chain costs accounted for more than 30% of the initial acquisition cost of the products in some cases and these costs were highly sensitive to product volumes. The major cost drivers were found to be labour, transport, and utilities with health facilities carrying the majority of the cost per unit of product. Accurate cost estimates are needed to ensure adequate resources are available for supply chain activities. Product volumes should be considered when costing supply chain functions rather than dollar value. Further work is needed to develop extrapolative costing models that can be applied at country level without extensive micro-costing exercises. This will allow other countries to generate more accurate estimates in the future

    Tools for Assessing Climate Impacts on Fish and Wildlife

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    Climate change is already affecting many fish and wildlife populations. Managing these populations requires an understanding of the nature, magnitude, and distribution of current and future climate impacts. Scientists and managers have at their disposal a wide array of models for projecting climate impacts that can be used to build such an understanding. Here, we provide a broad overview of the types of models available for forecasting the effects of climate change on key processes that affect fish and wildlife habitat (hydrology, fire, and vegetation), as well as on individual species distributions and populations. We present a framework for how climate-impacts modeling can be used to address management concerns, providing examples of model-based assessments of climate impacts on salmon populations in the Pacific Northwest, fire regimes in the boreal region of Canada, prairies and savannas in the Willamette Valley-Puget Sound Trough-Georgia Basin ecoregion, and marten Martes americana populations in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. We also highlight some key limitations of these models and discuss how such limitations should be managed. We conclude with a general discussion of how these models can be integrated into fish and wildlife management

    Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Reporting

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    Despite increasing interests on corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities among managers, the relationship between CSR and firm value through earnings reporting quality is still unclear. Absence of a strong positive effect of CSR on firm value has led researchers to believe that CSR is a res ult of a principal-agent issue between shareholders and managers. This study argues CSR represents a corporate culture that influences how a corporation reports its earnings. CSR influ ences earnings reporting ·instead ofearnings reporting drives CSR to delude shareholders. CSR induces better earnings reporting quality, therefore, CSR has an indirect but positive effect on firm value

    A biodiversity jigsaw: A review of current New Zealand legislation and initiatives

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    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the current legislation and initiatives surrounding biodiversity management, protection and sustainable use related to the New Zealand local government sector. Design/methodology/approach: This paper takes the form of an archival review of the academic databases, legislation and biodiversity related websites to ascertain the current legislation and initiatives in place in New Zealand surrounding biodiversity. Findings: The paper found biodiversity to be managed through a combination of legislation, national policies, strategies, trusts and contestable funds. The majority of biodiversity protection on private land is the responsibility of the 78 local authorities that comprise the local government sector through their administration of the Resource Management Act 1991. Despite the legislative requirement to protect and manage biodiversity the paper confirmed that no statutory framework currently exists to guide biodiversity reporting. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to New Zealand biodiversity related legislation and initiatives. As such it may not necessarily be applicable to any other jurisdictions. Practical implications:This review illustrates the difficulty that exists in navigating the disjointed legislation and other initiatives relating to biodiversity. This currently hinders the development of framework for reporting on biodiversity by local government. However the development of such a framework is crucial to the conservation and sustainable use of New Zealand’s unique biodiversity for the benefit of current and future generations. Originality/value: This paper adds to the limited literature in the field of biodiversity reporting and extends it to the local government sector in New Zealand
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