43,231 research outputs found

    Note on Ward-Horadam H(x) - binomials' recurrences and related interpretations, II

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    We deliver here second new H(x)−binomials′\textit{H(x)}-binomials' recurrence formula, were H(x)−binomials′H(x)-binomials' array is appointed by Ward−HoradamWard-Horadam sequence of functions which in predominantly considered cases where chosen to be polynomials . Secondly, we supply a review of selected related combinatorial interpretations of generalized binomial coefficients. We then propose also a kind of transfer of interpretation of p,q−binomialp,q-binomial coefficients onto q−binomialq-binomial coefficients interpretations thus bringing us back to Gyo¨rgyPoˊlyaGy{\"{o}}rgy P\'olya and Donald Ervin Knuth relevant investigation decades ago.Comment: 57 pages, 8 figure

    On the expected number of perfect matchings in cubic planar graphs

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    A well-known conjecture by Lov\'asz and Plummer from the 1970s asserted that a bridgeless cubic graph has exponentially many perfect matchings. It was solved in the affirmative by Esperet et al. (Adv. Math. 2011). On the other hand, Chudnovsky and Seymour (Combinatorica 2012) proved the conjecture in the special case of cubic planar graphs. In our work we consider random bridgeless cubic planar graphs with the uniform distribution on graphs with nn vertices. Under this model we show that the expected number of perfect matchings in labeled bridgeless cubic planar graphs is asymptotically cγnc\gamma^n, where c>0c>0 and γ∼1.14196\gamma \sim 1.14196 is an explicit algebraic number. We also compute the expected number of perfect matchings in (non necessarily bridgeless) cubic planar graphs and provide lower bounds for unlabeled graphs. Our starting point is a correspondence between counting perfect matchings in rooted cubic planar maps and the partition function of the Ising model in rooted triangulations.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
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