Constellation Design for Channels Affected by Phase Noise

In this paper we optimize constellation sets to be used for channels affected by phase noise. The main objective is to maximize the achievable mutual information of the constellation under a given power constraint. The mutual information and pragmatic mutual information of a given constellation is calculated approximately assuming that both the channel and phase noise are white. Then a simulated annealing algorithm is used to jointly optimize the constellation and the binary labeling. The performance of optimized constellations is compared with conventional constellations showing considerable gains in all system scenarios.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, submitted to IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications (ICC) 201

Design of APSK Constellations for Coherent Optical Channels with Nonlinear Phase Noise

We study the design of amplitude phase-shift keying (APSK) constellations for a coherent fiber-optical communication system where nonlinear phase noise (NLPN) is the main system impairment. APSK constellations can be regarded as a union of phase-shift keying (PSK) signal sets with different amplitude levels. A practical two-stage (TS) detection scheme is analyzed, which performs close to optimal detection for high enough input power. We optimize APSK constellations with 4, 8, and 16 points in terms of symbol error probability (SEP) under TS detection for several combinations of input power and fiber length. Our results show that APSK is a promising modulation format in order to cope with NLPN. As an example, for 16 points, performance gains of 3.2 dB can be achieved at a SEP of 10^-2 compared to 16-QAM by choosing an optimized APSK constellation. We also demonstrate that in the presence of severe nonlinear distortions, it may become beneficial to sacrifice a constellation point or an entire constellation ring to reduce the average SEP. Finally, we discuss the problem of selecting a good binary labeling for the found constellations. For the class of rectangular APSK a labeling design method is proposed, resulting in near-optimal bit error probability.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communication

PAR-Aware Large-Scale Multi-User MIMO-OFDM Downlink

We investigate an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based downlink transmission scheme for large-scale multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. The use of OFDM causes a high peak-to-average (power) ratio (PAR), which necessitates expensive and power-inefficient radio-frequency (RF) components at the base station. In this paper, we present a novel downlink transmission scheme, which exploits the massive degrees-of-freedom available in large-scale MU-MIMO-OFDM systems to achieve low PAR. Specifically, we propose to jointly perform MU precoding, OFDM modulation, and PAR reduction by solving a convex optimization problem. We develop a corresponding fast iterative truncation algorithm (FITRA) and show numerical results to demonstrate tremendous PAR-reduction capabilities. The significantly reduced linearity requirements eventually enable the use of low-cost RF components for the large-scale MU-MIMO-OFDM downlink.Comment: To appear in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication

Methodology and method and appartus for signaling with capacity optimized constellations

Communication systems are described that use geometrically shaped constellations that have increased capacity compared to conventional constellations operating within a similar SNR band. In several embodiments, the geometrically shaped is optimized based upon a capacity measure such as parallel decoding capacity or joint capacity. In many embodiments, a capacity optimized geometrically shaped constellation can be used to replace a conventional constellation as part of a firmware upgrade to transmitters and receivers within a communication system. In a number of embodiments, the geometrically shaped constellation is optimized for an Additive White Gaussian Noise channel or a fading channel

Optimum power allocation and bit loading for BICM systems

This paper introduces a joint bit loading and power allocation algorithm for systems combining bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) with multicarrier transmission. The proposed algorithm maximizes the mutual information, so it can be regarded as a generalization of mercury/waterfilling policy that incorporates bit loading. The followed approach relies on irregular modulation and power to cast the problem in the framework of convex optimization. This allows to derive the optimum solution without resorting to greedy algorithms, embedding the bit loading in the definition of an equivalent constellation such that the complexity increase with respect to mercury/waterfilling is negligible. While irregular modulation plays a key role in algorithm definition, it is proved that only a few subcarriers employ it and it is shown that a practical low complexity algorithm can be obtained with minimal losses that does not use irregular modulation.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

ECGadv: Generating Adversarial Electrocardiogram to Misguide Arrhythmia Classification System

Deep neural networks (DNNs)-powered Electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis systems recently achieve promising progress to take over tedious examinations by cardiologists. However, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks still lack comprehensive investigation. The existing attacks in image domain could not be directly applicable due to the distinct properties of ECGs in visualization and dynamic properties. Thus, this paper takes a step to thoroughly explore adversarial attacks on the DNN-powered ECG diagnosis system. We analyze the properties of ECGs to design effective attacks schemes under two attacks models respectively. Our results demonstrate the blind spots of DNN-powered diagnosis systems under adversarial attacks, which calls attention to adequate countermeasures.Comment: Accepted by AAAI 202