14,180 research outputs found
Ensuring patients privacy in a cryptographic-based-electronic health records using bio-cryptography
Several recent works have proposed and implemented cryptography as a means to
preserve privacy and security of patients health data. Nevertheless, the
weakest point of electronic health record (EHR) systems that relied on these
cryptographic schemes is key management. Thus, this paper presents the
development of privacy and security system for cryptography-based-EHR by taking
advantage of the uniqueness of fingerprint and iris characteristic features to
secure cryptographic keys in a bio-cryptography framework. The results of the
system evaluation showed significant improvements in terms of time efficiency
of this approach to cryptographic-based-EHR. Both the fuzzy vault and fuzzy
commitment demonstrated false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0%, which reduces the
likelihood of imposters gaining successful access to the keys protecting
patients protected health information. This result also justifies the
feasibility of implementing fuzzy key binding scheme in real applications,
especially fuzzy vault which demonstrated a better performance during key
reconstruction
Quantum Communication and Decoherence
In this contribution we will give a brief overview on the methods used to
overcome decoherence in quantum communication protocols. We give an
introduction to quantum error correction, entanglement purification and quantum
cryptography. It is shown that entanglement purification can be used to create
``private entanglement'', which makes it a useful tool for cryptographic
protocols.Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures, LaTeX, book chapter to appear in ``Coherent
Evolution in Noisy Environments'', Lecture Notes in Physics, (Springer
Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York). Minor typos correcte
Security of practical private randomness generation
Measurements on entangled quantum systems necessarily yield outcomes that are
intrinsically unpredictable if they violate a Bell inequality. This property
can be used to generate certified randomness in a device-independent way, i.e.,
without making detailed assumptions about the internal working of the quantum
devices used to generate the random numbers. Furthermore these numbers are also
private, i.e., they appear random not only to the user, but also to any
adversary that might possess a perfect description of the devices. Since this
process requires a small initial random seed, one usually speaks of
device-independent randomness expansion.
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we point out that in most real,
practical situations, where the concept of device-independence is used as a
protection against unintentional flaws or failures of the quantum apparatuses,
it is sufficient to show that the generated string is random with respect to an
adversary that holds only classical-side information, i.e., proving randomness
against quantum-side information is not necessary. Furthermore, the initial
random seed does not need to be private with respect to the adversary, provided
that it is generated in a way that is independent from the measured systems.
The devices, though, will generate cryptographically-secure randomness that
cannot be predicted by the adversary and thus one can, given access to free
public randomness, talk about private randomness generation.
The theoretical tools to quantify the generated randomness according to these
criteria were already introduced in [S. Pironio et al, Nature 464, 1021
(2010)], but the final results were improperly formulated. The second aim of
this paper is to correct this inaccurate formulation and therefore lay out a
precise theoretical framework for practical device-independent randomness
expansion.Comment: 18 pages. v3: important changes: the present version focuses on
security against classical side-information and a discussion about the
significance of these results has been added. v4: minor changes. v5: small
typos correcte
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