Analyse temporelle et sémantique des réseaux sociaux typés à partir du contenu de sites généré par des utilisateurs sur le Web

We propose an approach to detect topics, overlapping communities of interest, expertise, trends andactivities in user-generated content sites and in particular in question-answering forums such asStackOverFlow. We first describe QASM (Question & Answer Social Media), a system based on socialnetwork analysis to manage the two main resources in question-answering sites: users and contents. Wealso introduce the QASM vocabulary used to formalize both the level of interest and the expertise ofusers on topics. We then propose an efficient approach to detect communities of interest. It relies onanother method to enrich questions with a more general tag when needed. We compared threedetection methods on a dataset extracted from the popular Q&A site StackOverflow. Our method basedon topic modeling and user membership assignment is shown to be much simpler and faster whilepreserving the quality of the detection. We then propose an additional method to automatically generatea label for a detected topic by analyzing the meaning and links of its bag of words. We conduct a userstudy to compare different algorithms to choose the label. Finally we extend our probabilistic graphicalmodel to jointly model topics, expertise, activities and trends. We performed experiments with realworlddata to confirm the effectiveness of our joint model, studying the users’ behaviors and topicsdynamicsNous proposons une approche pour détecter les sujets, les communautés d'intérêt non disjointes,l'expertise, les tendances et les activités dans des sites où le contenu est généré par les utilisateurs et enparticulier dans des forums de questions-réponses tels que StackOverFlow. Nous décrivons d'abordQASM (Questions & Réponses dans des médias sociaux), un système basé sur l'analyse de réseauxsociaux pour gérer les deux principales ressources d’un site de questions-réponses: les utilisateurs et lecontenu. Nous présentons également le vocabulaire QASM utilisé pour formaliser à la fois le niveaud'intérêt et l'expertise des utilisateurs. Nous proposons ensuite une approche efficace pour détecter lescommunautés d'intérêts. Elle repose sur une autre méthode pour enrichir les questions avec un tag plusgénéral en cas de besoin. Nous comparons trois méthodes de détection sur un jeu de données extrait dusite populaire StackOverflow. Notre méthode basée sur le se révèle être beaucoup plus simple et plusrapide, tout en préservant la qualité de la détection. Nous proposons en complément une méthode pourgénérer automatiquement un label pour un sujet détecté en analysant le sens et les liens de ses mots-clefs.Nous menons alors une étude pour comparer différents algorithmes pour générer ce label. Enfin, nousétendons notre modèle de graphes probabilistes pour modéliser conjointement les sujets, l'expertise, lesactivités et les tendances. Nous le validons sur des données du monde réel pour confirmer l'efficacité denotre modèle intégrant les comportements des utilisateurs et la dynamique des sujet

Dagstuhl News January - December 2008

"Dagstuhl News" is a publication edited especially for the members of the Foundation "Informatikzentrum Schloss Dagstuhl" to thank them for their support. The News give a summary of the scientific work being done in Dagstuhl. Each Dagstuhl Seminar is presented by a small abstract describing the contents and scientific highlights of the seminar as well as the perspectives or challenges of the research topic

Development of a measurement for technology learning process (TLP)

Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMTs) are widely used by manufacturing organisations all over the world. Unfortunately, the process of implementation of AMT projects has been unsatisfactory and sometimes led to total failure. In the literature, various reasons are brought forward for the deficiency of companies to deal with such technologies. Most cited reasons were managerial incompetence, organisational inertia and lack of and/or insufficient Technology Learning Process (TLP). Particularly, the Technology Learning Process (TLP) was widely recognised as a significant factor influencing technological change management. For instance, several authors believed that the failure of companies to manage technological change was due to the absence of effective TLP. Hence, studying and identifying the impact of TLP on the technological change management and on operations management is of real importance to reduce this rate of failure. In order to understand how TLP was implemented and what measures were used to determine the practice level of TLP, face-to-face interviews with experienced industrial project managers were held. Based on these interviews, this study developed 46 parameters in order to assess the practice level of TLP in Irish organisations. These parameters were classified into four levels including Basic Level, Average Level, Advanced Level, and World-Class level. To examine the impact of these parameters on the technological change management, postal and online questionnaires were designed and dispatched to all pharmaceutical and chemical firms in Ireland. This was a two-fold objective survey. The first objective was to verify the suitability of this set of parameters over a larger sample of pharmaceutical and chemical organisations. The second objective was to determine the level of TLP practice within the pharmaceutical and chemical firms in Ireland and to investigate the impact of each parameter of this set of parameters on the process of implementation of AMT projects and also on the organisation performance as a whole. The suitability of the proposed conceptual model on wide population was verified. The developed set of parameters was found not only to have significant impact on the process of AMT implementation but also have an influence on the organisation performance

DRIVER Technology Watch Report

This report is part of the Discovery Workpackage (WP4) and is the third report out of four deliverables. The objective of this report is to give an overview of the latest technical developments in the world of digital repositories, digital libraries and beyond, in order to serve as theoretical and practical input for the technical DRIVER developments, especially those focused on enhanced publications. This report consists of two main parts, one part focuses on interoperability standards for enhanced publications, the other part consists of three subchapters, which give a landscape picture of current and surfacing technologies and communities crucial to DRIVER. These three subchapters contain the GRID, CRIS and LTP communities and technologies. Every chapter contains a theoretical explanation, followed by case studies and the outcomes and opportunities for DRIVER in this field

Dagstuhl News January - December 2011

"Dagstuhl News" is a publication edited especially for the members of the Foundation "Informatikzentrum Schloss Dagstuhl" to thank them for their support. The News give a summary of the scientific work being done in Dagstuhl. Each Dagstuhl Seminar is presented by a small abstract describing the contents and scientific highlights of the seminar as well as the perspectives or challenges of the research topic

Towards a New Curriculum: The DEREC Experience

This volume presents the experience of developing a new undergraduate curriculum on "Environmental and Resources Engineering" at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in FYR Macedonia, in the framework of the TEMPUS CD_JEP_19028_2004 DEREC – Development of Environmental and Resources Engineering Curriculum (2005-2008). This publication describes the methodology, instruments and processes employed in the curriculum development. It is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the European Consortium approach (including papers from all representatives of Consortium Member institutions in the European Union and the external project experts). The second part describes the approach adopted by the various faculty representatives of the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje and the South East European University of Tetovo, in FYR Macedonia. This book is designed to serve as an updated, coherent and concrete set of instruments for the achievement of similar project objectives

An architectural framework for expert identification based on social network analysis

Social network analysis has been widely used in different application contexts. For example, in Global Software Development (GSD), where multiple developers with diverse skills and knowledge are involved, the use of social networking models helps to understand how these developers collaborate. Finding experts who can help address critical elements or issues in a project is a challenging and critical task. It is especially true in the context of Global Software Development projects, where developers with specific skills and knowledge often need to be identified. In this sense, searching for essential members is a valuable task, as they are fundamental to the evolution of the network. This work proposes an architectural framework for expert identification as a hybrid solution that includes syntactic and semantic analysis in social networks. We seek to address research challenges related to designing recommendation systems when analyzing social structures in the Global Software Development context. In this solution, we define a model for the social network capable of capturing collaboration between developers, incorporate strategies for temporal analysis of the network, explore the network using machine learning algorithms, propose an ontology to enrich the data semantically, and consider a performative approach for high-volume social network analysis methods. We conducted four case studies using data extracted from GitHub to evaluate the proposed approach, as well as a more extensive dataset for the performance studies. The case studies provide evidence that our proposed method can identify specialists, highlighting their expertise and importance to the evolution of the social network.A análise de redes sociais tem sido amplamente utilizada em diferentes contextos de aplicação. Por exemplo, em Desenvolvimento Global de Software, onde vários desenvolvedores com diversos conhecimentos e habilidades estão envolvidos, o uso de modelos de redes sociais ajuda a entender como esses desenvolvedores colaboram. Encontrar especialistas que possam ajudar a abordar elementos ou problemas críticos em um projeto é uma tarefa desafiadora e crítica. Isso é especialmente verdade em projetos no contexto de Desenvolvimento Global de Software, onde desenvolvedores com habilidades e conhecimentos específicos geralmente precisam ser identificados. Nesse sentido, buscar membros essenciais é uma tarefa valiosa, pois eles são fundamentais para a evolução da rede. Este trabalho propõe um framework arquitetural para a identificação de especialistas como uma solução híbrida que inclui análise sintática e semântica em redes sociais. Buscamos abordar desafios de pesquisa relacionados ao projeto de sistemas de recomendação que envolvam a análise de estruturas sociais no contexto de Desenvolvimento Global de Software. Nesta solução, definimos um modelo para a rede social capaz de capturar a colaboração entre desenvolvedores, incorporamos estratégias de análise temporal da rede, exploramos a rede usando algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, propomos uma ontologia para enriquecer os dados semanticamente e consideramos uma abordagem performativa para métodos de análise de redes de grande volume. Realizamos quatro estudos de caso usando dados extraídos do GitHub para avaliar a abordagem proposta, bem como um conjunto de dados de grande volume para os estudos de performance. Os estudos de caso fornecem evidências de que o método proposto pode identificar especialistas, destacando sua expertise e importância para a evolução da rede social.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

3D City Models and urban information: Current issues and perspectives

Considering sustainable development of cities implies investigating cities in a holistic way taking into account many interrelations between various urban or environmental issues. 3D city models are increasingly used in different cities and countries for an intended wide range of applications beyond mere visualization. Could these 3D City models be used to integrate urban and environmental knowledge? How could they be improved to fulfill such role? We believe that enriching the semantics of current 3D city models, would extend their functionality and usability; therefore, they could serve as integration platforms of the knowledge related to urban and environmental issues allowing a huge and significant improvement of city sustainable management and development. But which elements need to be added to 3D city models? What are the most efficient ways to realize such improvement / enrichment? How to evaluate the usability of these improved 3D city models? These were the questions tackled by the COST Action TU0801 “Semantic enrichment of 3D city models for sustainable urban development”. This book gathers various materials developed all along the four year of the Action and the significant breakthroughs

Technological innovation and change in the university

It is by now common knowledge that one of the aspects upon which the survival of the University depends is how it will make the best possible use of the new technologies (e-learning). Despite the acceptance of this principle, difficulties arise when one attempts to proceed from the mere declaration to actually planning activities and putting them into effect. This research, the result of collaboration between teachers and researchers of the Educational Science and Engineering Faculties of the University of Florence, focuses on certain theoretical concepts and reference apparatus, bringing international literature to bear on the specific case of Italy

Contextual Social Networking

The thesis centers around the multi-faceted research question of how contexts may be detected and derived that can be used for new context aware Social Networking services and for improving the usefulness of existing Social Networking services, giving rise to the notion of Contextual Social Networking. In a first foundational part, we characterize the closely related fields of Contextual-, Mobile-, and Decentralized Social Networking using different methods and focusing on different detailed aspects. A second part focuses on the question of how short-term and long-term social contexts as especially interesting forms of context for Social Networking may be derived. We focus on NLP based methods for the characterization of social relations as a typical form of long-term social contexts and on Mobile Social Signal Processing methods for deriving short-term social contexts on the basis of geometry of interaction and audio. We furthermore investigate, how personal social agents may combine such social context elements on various levels of abstraction. The third part discusses new and improved context aware Social Networking service concepts. We investigate special forms of awareness services, new forms of social information retrieval, social recommender systems, context aware privacy concepts and services and platforms supporting Open Innovation and creative processes. This version of the thesis does not contain the included publications because of copyrights of the journals etc. Contact in terms of the version with all included publications: Georg Groh, [email protected] zentrale Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die vielschichtige Frage, wie Kontexte detektiert und abgeleitet werden können, die dazu dienen können, neuartige kontextbewusste Social Networking Dienste zu schaffen und bestehende Dienste in ihrem Nutzwert zu verbessern. Die (noch nicht abgeschlossene) erfolgreiche Umsetzung dieses Programmes führt auf ein Konzept, das man als Contextual Social Networking bezeichnen kann. In einem grundlegenden ersten Teil werden die eng zusammenhängenden Gebiete Contextual Social Networking, Mobile Social Networking und Decentralized Social Networking mit verschiedenen Methoden und unter Fokussierung auf verschiedene Detail-Aspekte näher beleuchtet und in Zusammenhang gesetzt. Ein zweiter Teil behandelt die Frage, wie soziale Kurzzeit- und Langzeit-Kontexte als für das Social Networking besonders interessante Formen von Kontext gemessen und abgeleitet werden können. Ein Fokus liegt hierbei auf NLP Methoden zur Charakterisierung sozialer Beziehungen als einer typischen Form von sozialem Langzeit-Kontext. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf Methoden aus dem Mobile Social Signal Processing zur Ableitung sinnvoller sozialer Kurzzeit-Kontexte auf der Basis von Interaktionsgeometrien und Audio-Daten. Es wird ferner untersucht, wie persönliche soziale Agenten Kontext-Elemente verschiedener Abstraktionsgrade miteinander kombinieren können. Der dritte Teil behandelt neuartige und verbesserte Konzepte für kontextbewusste Social Networking Dienste. Es werden spezielle Formen von Awareness Diensten, neue Formen von sozialem Information Retrieval, Konzepte für kontextbewusstes Privacy Management und Dienste und Plattformen zur Unterstützung von Open Innovation und Kreativität untersucht und vorgestellt. Diese Version der Habilitationsschrift enthält die inkludierten Publikationen zurVermeidung von Copyright-Verletzungen auf Seiten der Journals u.a. nicht. Kontakt in Bezug auf die Version mit allen inkludierten Publikationen: Georg Groh, [email protected]