Rural Perspective towards Financial Inclusion

Financial Inclusion or inclusive financing is the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low-income segments of society, in contrast to financial exclusion where those services are not available or affordable. For the purpose of giving such financial services in easy and convenient way government has developed many financial plans in the rural areas. These plans are helpful for people who want to access financial services. The availability of banking and payment services to the entire population without discrimination is the prime objective of this public policy. Thus the term Financial Inclusion can be defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups at an affordable cost. The nations should takeover and remedy to reach the financial services to the weaker sections. So, this study has been undertaken to analyse the prospects of financial inclusion in rural areas.Keywords. Bank, Financial Services, Financial Inclusion, Rural Perspective.JEL. G20, G29, G30

Engaging internal conversations: The interplay of structure, culture and agency, and how they affect GCSE English and Mathematics results in 16-19 study programmes

This thesis examines the interplay of structural, cultural and agential factors and how they affected GCSE English and mathematics outcomes in 16 to 19 study programmes in a Further Education College in the period 2014/15 to 2017/18. A social realist (Archer, 1995) conceptual framework was employed, which examined structural, cultural and agential factors and focused on individuals’ internal conversations (Archer, 2003) in order to understand attitudes and behaviours. A mixed-methods case study approach was adopted involving an analysis of quantitative data on GCSE English and mathematics outcomes and qualitative data from interviews with 10 academic staff and 15 students on study programmes within the College. A complex picture emerged from the research of the interplay between structural, cultural and agential factors shaping GCSE English and mathematics outcomes. Students’ learning experiences and individual GCSE outcomes were shaped by structural factors including government policy and funding, college policies and practices, their individual social circumstances, and by cultural messages and expectations. For each individual student, however, their engagement with learning in these subjects was also shaped by their beliefs about the value and relevance of these subjects and their perceptions of the enablements and constraints (Archer, 2003) they faced. Relationships, communication and consistency emerged as three key themes from the interviews with students and lecturers in relation to effectively engaging and supporting students. This thesis contends that structural factors, including funding and curricula, and cultural factors, including messaging, impact on GCSE outcomes. It further contends that whilst structural and cultural changes may be necessary to improve these outcomes, these need to be based on an informed understanding of student beliefs and values and the enablements and constraints they face. Students must be engaged in dialogue with educators and policy makers to ascertain how best to engage and support them in their learning

The Political Economy of Religion and Politics in India

The paper will examine the dramatic rise of the right-wing Hindu organisations in India, especially since the 1990s. Most prominent among these organisations are RSS, BJP, VHP, Bajang Dal and Shiv Sena. However, they all work together under the philosophy of Hindutva (i.e. Hindu-ness) and are rabidly anti-minority in their stance. They appear to need an ‘enemy’ in the form of a religious minority to unite Hindus and consolidate their support. This study is important because RSS is too politically significant to be ignored. Since the BJP (BhartiyaJanta Party) came to power in May 2014, its ministers and senior party leaders have been coming out in support of Hindutva. Attacks against Muslims have risen sharply. Cultural issues such as cow slaughter and the building of the Ram temple at Ayodhya have been raised again by the RSS as a means of dividing communities and keeping Muslims in a state of constant fear and insecurity. This study argues that the failure of India’s economic development to remove socio-economic constraints leading to slow and uneven development has intensified rivalry between castes and religious communities. Under such conditions, it became possible for extremist Hindu organisations to target people on the basis of religion

Some Geographical Aspects of Rural Development with view of Montenegro: A Review

The paper discusses some geographical aspects of rural development with view of Montenegro. According to development of a heterogeneous, rural areas lag behind the urban and industrial, so the problem must be given more attention. In this regard, the European Union provides a powerful impetus to social and territorial cohesion of rural areas and attempt to provide a more efficient valorization of local development potential, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Privacy and promote rural development in Montenegro is in the interest of the whole society, and investing in the range of industries in rural areas increases their attractiveness, encourages sustainable growth and employment opportunities, especially for young employees willing and able to accept the new philosophy of development

Analyzing Framing Effecty by an Experiment among Students in Turkey

This study investigates the framing effect of experiments that conducted among students. The main aim of this work is to show the results of an experiment conducted in Turkey how could affect behavior of subjects who were students in banking and insurance business studies department. By expressing a particular topic in negative and positive way we could observe the behaviors. In conclusion, these subjects mainly focused on positive expression to avoid risks

From the Editor

From the Edito

Nationalist Movements in the Balkans and Ottoman Government

The 19th century was a century where the Balkans were reshaping by ideological and cultural polarisation. Until this century, the Ottoman Empire have maintained its multireligious, multilingual and multicultural structure without a problem. However in this century, the nationalist uprisings have caused a change in the Empire’s borders, leading to a Balkan region where Ottoman Empire has almost no presence. Notions that came with the French revolution such as freedom, motherland, nation and the policies of major European states have also affected the separation process.  It would be possible to divide Ottoman foreign policy at the time into three eras. The first era is the time until 1865 was the time where the Empire was no longer unrivalled. The second era until 1878, was the era where the Empire guaranteed its territorial integrity and independence via Paris Peace Treaty in 1856. And finally the third era between 1878 and 1908 mainly focused on the balance policies to preserve its territorial integrity. In this era where the Empire was unsettled and vulnerable against interference the policies were based on integrity of the state. Ottoman state governors have tried to attune to the European system which was formed by 1815 Vienna Congress. They have seen internal and external administration as a whole and seeked for a new political culture and identity that can coexist with traditional and western values. They have tried activating the connective power of religion and use religion as a common bonding factor against attacks from Europe. As an external policy, a balance policy that works with the rising powers of the era and makes use of the adverse interests masterfully was being followed.  After the 1877-1878 Ottoman Russian War, as a result of the immigration policies, the situation of the Muslim community was a determinant in the formation of new policies. Railways were used both as a tool of development and external policy. While keeping diplomacy in the foreground, blocks, polarisation and wars were avoided. These policies were not enough to save the state, however extended the life of it.          This study primarily puts emphasis on notions related to nationalism. Furthermore it aims to explore the Balkan nationalism, which led to the end of the Ottoman Empire and characteristics of the Ottoman state policies at the time

Kreatywność jest ważna, ale… jest coś ważniejszego

Kreatywność, leżąca u podstaw innowacyjności, stała się istotną determinantą sukcesu współczesnych organizacji. Druga Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa „CREATIVE VIBES. Kreatywnością rozwijamy biznes” była okazją do dzielenia się przykładami efektywnego wykorzystania kreatywności w doskonaleniu różnorodnych przedsięwzięć biznesowych. Monografia składa się z kilkunastu opracowań, które mogą zainspirować Czytelników do podejmowania oryginalnych i skutecznych działań w praktyce

Roland Paulsen, Empty Labor. Idleness and Workplace Resistance

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