Towards Cyber Security for Low-Carbon Transportation: Overview, Challenges and Future Directions

In recent years, low-carbon transportation has become an indispensable part as sustainable development strategies of various countries, and plays a very important responsibility in promoting low-carbon cities. However, the security of low-carbon transportation has been threatened from various ways. For example, denial of service attacks pose a great threat to the electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid networks. To minimize these threats, several methods have been proposed to defense against them. Yet, these methods are only for certain types of scenarios or attacks. Therefore, this review addresses security aspect from holistic view, provides the overview, challenges and future directions of cyber security technologies in low-carbon transportation. Firstly, based on the concept and importance of low-carbon transportation, this review positions the low-carbon transportation services. Then, with the perspective of network architecture and communication mode, this review classifies its typical attack risks. The corresponding defense technologies and relevant security suggestions are further reviewed from perspective of data security, network management security and network application security. Finally, in view of the long term development of low-carbon transportation, future research directions have been concerned.Comment: 34 pages, 6 figures, accepted by journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review

Trustworthy Edge Machine Learning: A Survey

The convergence of Edge Computing (EC) and Machine Learning (ML), known as Edge Machine Learning (EML), has become a highly regarded research area by utilizing distributed network resources to perform joint training and inference in a cooperative manner. However, EML faces various challenges due to resource constraints, heterogeneous network environments, and diverse service requirements of different applications, which together affect the trustworthiness of EML in the eyes of its stakeholders. This survey provides a comprehensive summary of definitions, attributes, frameworks, techniques, and solutions for trustworthy EML. Specifically, we first emphasize the importance of trustworthy EML within the context of Sixth-Generation (6G) networks. We then discuss the necessity of trustworthiness from the perspective of challenges encountered during deployment and real-world application scenarios. Subsequently, we provide a preliminary definition of trustworthy EML and explore its key attributes. Following this, we introduce fundamental frameworks and enabling technologies for trustworthy EML systems, and provide an in-depth literature review of the latest solutions to enhance trustworthiness of EML. Finally, we discuss corresponding research challenges and open issues.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures, 10 table

Bibliographical review on cyber attacks from a control oriented perspective

This paper presents a bibliographical review of definitions, classifications and applications concerning cyber attacks in networked control systems (NCSs) and cyber-physical systems (CPSs). This review tackles the topic from a control-oriented perspective, which is complementary to information or communication ones. After motivating the importance of developing new methods for attack detection and secure control, this review presents security objectives, attack modeling, and a characterization of considered attacks and threats presenting the detection mechanisms and remedial actions. In order to show the properties of each attack, as well as to provide some deeper insight into possible defense mechanisms, examples available in the literature are discussed. Finally, open research issues and paths are presented.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

State of the art of cyber-physical systems security: An automatic control perspective

Cyber-physical systems are integrations of computation, networking, and physical processes. Due to the tight cyber-physical coupling and to the potentially disrupting consequences of failures, security here is one of the primary concerns. Our systematic mapping study sheds light on how security is actually addressed when dealing with cyber-physical systems from an automatic control perspective. The provided map of 138 selected studies is defined empirically and is based on, for instance, application fields, various system components, related algorithms and models, attacks characteristics and defense strategies. It presents a powerful comparison framework for existing and future research on this hot topic, important for both industry and academia