3,638 research outputs found

    Home Canning of Fruits, Vegetables, and Meats

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    Comparison of phytoestrogens dietary intake from vegetables and fruit in selected population in Slovakia

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    Phytoestrogens are compounds that are naturally present in almost all plant foods to a varying degree. They include several different classes of chemical compounds known as isoflavones, coumestans and lignans. In our work we analyzed intake of phytoestrogens is based upon our answer questionaries' in different ages. Evaluating health effects of phytoestrogens is difficult and depends on numerous factors, including the kind and dose (amount) of phytoestrogens eaten and the age, gender, and health of the person. We are exposed daily to highly variable amounts of phytoestrogens. While adults are eating a vegetarian diet or those taking dietary supplements containing phytoestrogens have high levels of exposure, infants drinking soy-based formula have the highest exposure levels by far. Accurate information about dietary phytoestrogens is therefore important but there is very limited data concerning food contents. In this study, we analyzed the phytoestrogen content in fresh and processed fruits and vegetables. The comprehensive database of phytoestrogen content determined simultaneously in vegetables and fruits foods has been developed. The important source of phytoestrogens in Slovak men and women is garlic. Phytoestrogen intake of fruits in men as an in woman is very low. Slovak populations consume a lot of fruits but the total intake is low due to the lower content of phytoestrogens

    The Status of Labor-Saving Mechanization in Fruits and Vegetables

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    �The objective of this paper is to examine the status of labor-saving mechanization in U.S. fruit and vegetable harvesting. Fruit and vegetable harvest mechanization has several potential advantages: reduced harvest costs, eliminate problems associated with finding good quality harvest labor, permit longer harvesting days, and reduce exposure of harvest to human bacteria.�������� Commercial mechanical harvesters for processed tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, carrots, tart cherries, apples, grapes, peaches, plums and grapes are in the hands of growers. To my surprise, considerable progress has been made on fresh market sweet cherry, apple and berry harvesters, and in the next few years commercial sales of these machines are expected. A negative shock to labor harvest-labor availability or jump in the harvester wage or piece rate could rapidly accelerate adoption of the best mechanical harvesting technologies by growers and processors. �mechanized harvesting; fruits; vegetables; processing; fresh market; labor availability; United States

    Blackberry, raspberry and dewberry culture

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    Food Law Gone Wild: The Law of Foraging

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    Spotted wing drosophila: distribution of populations over time in wild and crop hosts

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    Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) was first confirmed in NY at some eastern Long Island farms in 2011. Fruit flies typically attack rotting fruits; SWD, however, feeds in intact fruits. Soft-skinned fruits such as berries are at greatest risk; some stone fruits are also reported among the preferred hosts. Season-long SWD monitoring and fruit damage assessments were done in cultivated crops and in wild fruits growing nearby. A total of 31 apple cider vinegar-baited translucent delicatessen cup monitoring traps were placed in raspberry, peach, blueberry, grape, and apple farms and in adjacent forest areas. The first sustained SWD capture on Long Island occurred on June 9, 2012 at 1320 DD (50oF base temperature). At least two peak SWD activity periods were observed on Long Island: the 1st around September 18 at 2313 DD and the 2nd around October 23 at 3073 DD. The proportion of male:female in trapped populations was observed to be around 50:50. Late-season (September – October) SWD populations appeared to be higher in forest than cultivated areas. Approximately 17 types of cultivated and wild fruits were checked for the presence of SWD eggs or larvae. Pokeweed berries are the most preferred wild host of SWD. Among the other possible wild hosts checked- autumn olive, bittersweet nightshade, European yew berries are the newly detected hosts of SWD grown near cultivated areas. Raspberries and blackberries were most heavily infested by SWD, averaging 73.5% and 77.0% respectively in 2012. Blueberries were less affected (6%) possibly because the local blueberry season typically ends by late July to early August after which SWD populations sharply increased. Very few SWD adults emerged from grape samples and SWD egg-laying in grapes was minimal and only the late-season 'Merlot' and 'Cabernet' varieties were affected. It appears grapes are not a favored host and may not need preventive treatment. Late-season caneberries appear highly susceptible to infestation and most likely require preventive insecticide treatments but growers have little information on specific timing of applications. Information developed from this study advances our understanding of the seasonal abundance, peak appearance, host utilization, and overwintering emergence patterns of SWD. Further research on hosts, overwintering sites, population assessment, baits and control techniques are necessary to help growers contend with this new invasive pest

    Ugly Food for Thought: Ripple Effects from a New Food Movement

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    In 2015, the Ugly Food Movement started by companies and campaigns to market and sell aesthetically suboptimal fruits and vegetables. The movement began in response to an increasingly visual culture in which many customers and retailers reject produce on the basis of visual cues and unrealistic expectations influenced by the media. In order to reestablish the value of imperfect produce, ugly food start-ups including Misfits Market, Imperfect Foods, and Hungry Harvest emerged to promote the fruits and vegetables others ignore and now deliver to many major metropolitan areas throughout the United States. These companies partner with growers and customers to expand access to fresh food at affordable prices, conveniently ship produce boxes to doorsteps, and reduce “ugly” food waste. However, the ripple effects of this millennial movement are far-reaching and complex. Food-justice advocates argue that these profit-based solutions are disingenuous and ill-equipped to combat food waste and inaccessibility. Instead, they may take away from local services such as Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs. This thesis unpacks the context in which the movement sprouted and its national positionality. It argues that while the Ugly Food Movement has benefitted some farmers, executed exemplary marketing, and performed effective social outreach, it is limited. However, through fruitful and noncompetitive collaboration between local food communities and ugly food efforts, imperfection could feed more communities

    The Emergence of New Successful Export Activities in Latin America: The Case of Chile

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    This paper surveys overall export growth in Chile and focuses on three case studies of the emergence of successful export activities in Chile: wine, pork and blueberries. Each case study discusses how companies, associations, and governments at various levels have addressed market failures and facilitated the provision of public goods necessary for each activity. The case studies additionally profile first movers in each activity and describe the positive externalities they provide to imitators, particularly diffusion of export knowledge. Also included are counterfactual cases of a less successful firm or activity (an unsuccessful wine exporter, other types of berries, and commodity pork production rather than custom cuts, respectively) and a discussion of policy implications.Exports, Agriculture, Chile
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