Animals and the Problem of Evil in Recent Theodicies

This paper critically evaluates the theodicies of John Hick, Richard Swinburne and process theism regarding animal suffering and evils. The positions of Hick and Swinburne are based on false empirical assumptions, e.g., animals do not suffer. Process theism’s claim that God is not omnipotent is an unsatisfactory answer inconsistent with the traditional concept of God. These positions cannot fully explain the mass suffering and unnecessary deaths of animals throughout time. My positive position is that God’s putative love for all sentient beings does not necessarily entail that he loves every individual human and animal. Humans do not interfere with the suffering and deaths of animals in the wild, and God has no obligation to interfere with human evils. It is very possible that God acts similarly with humans and animals regarding evils. This theory partly explains human tragedies such as the Holocaust and much unnecessary animal and human suffering

Ethics and Epistemic Hopelessness

This paper investigates the ethics of regarding others as epistemically hopeless. To regard a person as epistemically hopeless with respect to p is, roughly, to regard her as unable to see the truth of p through rational means. Regarding a person as epistemically hopeless is a stance that has surprising and nuanced moral implications. It can be a sign of respect, and it can also be a way of giving up on someone. Whether it is morally problematic to take up this stance, I argue, depends on the choices that one faces (or is likely to face). I close the paper by arguing against the view that there are standing moral reasons against regarding others as epistemically hopeless

CONSUMERS OF THE WORLD EXCLAIM:"WE WANT SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, PUBLIC POLICY AND CORPORATE ETHICS!"

This study is related to public policy issues, such as the ethics of marketing practices and the dynamics of popular culture. Although textbooks often present the consumer as a rational decision maker, often harmful for consumer activities of the individual or society. Often, the consumer's worst enemy is himself. Growth is still important, even morally required, if individuals and society towards improving the living standards of the peoples of the world. Socio-philosophical concept of social justice is an attribute that you should hold shares or individual therapy or groups in society, within the existing social order and moral or desirable. Values govern our actions and personality. Knowledge and understanding of business values gives the company the ability to control and manage in a sustainable manner, its future. Managers should sacrifice their own needs in favor of employee needs, and the last would have to give up their ambitions and needs, to eliminate customer sacrifice. Equality and freedom are two forms of the same fundamental values. Current marketing is a factor of democratization. Companies traded on the market, falling into one of two dichotomous situation: the mission and their action in the service of others, the community, its employees and the environment, or choose the dishonor, deceiving their confidence. Marketing itself is a subject of intense dispute. Today, competitiveness is the productivity growth in the use of resources. All forms of pollution are manifestations of economic waste. Companies that take a code of honor are reciving medals. Lack of Ethics is charged!marketing ethics, corporate social responsibility, consumer behavior, morality, role of marketing

Making lawyers moral : Ethical codes and moral character

This article argues that professional codes of conduct cannot perform the important task of ensuring that lawyers uphold high ethical standards. Instead, moral behaviour by lawyers requires the development of fixed behavioural attributes relevant to legal practice - what may be called a lawyer's professional moral character. At the same time, however, along with other factors, professional codes are important in that they can either contribute to or detract from the successful development of professional moral character. If so, it is argued that in order to have the best chance of assisting the character development of lawyers, codes should neither take the form of highly detailed or extremely vague, aspirational norms, but should instead guide ethical decision-making by requiring them to consider a wide range of contextual factors when resolving ethical dilemmas

The Political Morality of Convergence in Contract

One of the most interesting recent developments in contract law has been an academic and political effort to integrate private law. The proposed Common European Sales Law was ultimately withdrawn, and a series of setbacks, including the British referendum to exit the EU, has recast the politics of convergence. But it remains an objective for many European scholars. This essay considers the wisdom of convergence on a single law of transactions from the perspective of philosophical contract theory. The essay proceeds by disaggregating the rights at stake in contract law. It characterises the formal right to contract and describes its moral impetus as one that should underwrite contract law in all states, especially liberal states. But the essay argues that the legitimate contours of the formal right are contingent on tenets of political culture that vary across Member States. Similarly, substantive regulation of contract is morally compulsory and serves universal interests; the essay takes regulation of permissible work and remuneration for work as examples. But the rules and standards that best advance those moral interests depend on economic facts specific to individual political communities. The essay concludes by arguing that contract law is a poor tool by which to accelerate political and economic convergence