67 research outputs found

    DETECTION OF GRANULATION TISSUE FOR HEALING ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC ULCERS

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    Wounds that fail to heal within an expected period develop into ulcers that cause severe pain and expose patients to limb amputation. Ulcer appearance changes gradually as ulcer tissues evolve throughout the healing process. Dermatologists assess the progression of ulcer healing based on visual inspection of ulcer tissues, which is inconsistent and subjective. The ability to measure objectively early stages of ulcer healing is important to improve clinical decisions and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Ulcer healing is indicated by the growth of granulation tissue that contains pigment haemoglobin that causes the red colour of the tissue. An approach based on utilising haemoglobin content as an image marker to detect regions of granulation tissue on ulcers surface using colour images of chronic ulcers is investigated in this study. The approach is utilised to develop a system that is able to detect regions of granulation tissue on ulcers surface using colour images of chronic ulcers

    DETECTION OF GRANULATION TISSUE FOR HEALING ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC ULCERS

    Get PDF
    Wounds that fail to heal within an expected period develop into ulcers that cause severe pain and expose patients to limb amputation. Ulcer appearance changes gradually as ulcer tissues evolve throughout the healing process. Dermatologists assess the progression of ulcer healing based on visual inspection of ulcer tissues, which is inconsistent and subjective. The ability to measure objectively early stages of ulcer healing is important to improve clinical decisions and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Ulcer healing is indicated by the growth of granulation tissue that contains pigment haemoglobin that causes the red colour of the tissue. An approach based on utilising haemoglobin content as an image marker to detect regions of granulation tissue on ulcers surface using colour images of chronic ulcers is investigated in this study. The approach is utilised to develop a system that is able to detect regions of granulation tissue on ulcers surface using colour images of chronic ulcers

    Evaluation and optimal design of spectral sensitivities for digital color imaging

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    The quality of an image captured by color imaging system primarily depends on three factors: sensor spectral sensitivity, illumination and scene. While illumination is very important to be known, the sensitivity characteristics is critical to the success of imaging applications, and is necessary to be optimally designed under practical constraints. The ultimate image quality is judged subjectively by human visual system. This dissertation addresses the evaluation and optimal design of spectral sensitivity functions for digital color imaging devices. Color imaging fundamentals and device characterization are discussed in the first place. For the evaluation of spectral sensitivity functions, this dissertation concentrates on the consideration of imaging noise characteristics. Both signal-independent and signal-dependent noises form an imaging noise model and noises will be propagated while signal is processed. A new colorimetric quality metric, unified measure of goodness (UMG), which addresses color accuracy and noise performance simultaneously, is introduced and compared with other available quality metrics. Through comparison, UMG is designated as a primary evaluation metric. On the optimal design of spectral sensitivity functions, three generic approaches, optimization through enumeration evaluation, optimization of parameterized functions, and optimization of additional channel, are analyzed in the case of the filter fabrication process is unknown. Otherwise a hierarchical design approach is introduced, which emphasizes the use of the primary metric but the initial optimization results are refined through the application of multiple secondary metrics. Finally the validity of UMG as a primary metric and the hierarchical approach are experimentally tested and verified

    Interferometric and hardness studies of the surfaces of crystals

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    Part I of the thesis commences with a general picture of the various concepts of hardness and the relationship of indentation hardness to other physical properties. Types of measurement of hardness are reviewed with special reference to static indentation tests. The optical techniques and the apparatus made and used are described, including the interferometric techniques employed. The following aspects of hardness of silicon carbide are studied: (1) The variation of hardness with load, the relation between 'recovered' and 'unrecovered' hardness and the surface distortions around the indentations. (2) The variation of hardness with direction: it is found that the [1120] and [0110] are respectively the directions of maximum and minimum hardness. An attempt is made to explain the results in terms of the shear stress on the slip plane. (3) Ring cracks formed by steady pressure made by a diamond ball: the distortions round the cracks and the profiles of sections are studied by multiple-beam interferometry and phase-contrast microscopy. Hertz's classical equation is applied to compare the results. The micro-slip lines observed on a rare trigonal pyramid face of a silicon carbide crystal due to diamond ball impacts are described. A description is given of the analysis of silicon carbide crystals by X-rays. Part II of the thesis gives a description of various types of micro-features observed on transparent crystals of silicon carbide. The features are studied by applying the techniques of multiple-beam interferometry and phase-contrast microscopy. The special point about these features is that they are depressions. An attempt is made to explain their existence on the basis of a theory postulated by Tolansky and the dislocation theory of evaporation of crystals by Cabrera and Levine. A description is given of spiral-like features observed at the edge of some silicon carbide crystals. An appendix to the thesis gives a brief account of interferometric studies made on sawn surfaces of diamond.<p

    The influence of documentary methods upon BBC television drama, with particular emphasis upon the years 1946-1962

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    [From the Preface]:This thesis is an investigation into the influence of documentary methods, both their principles and their practice upon BBC Television Drama between the years 1946-1962 with particular reference to the Dramatised-Documentary and its successor the Documentary-Drama.The first of these, the Dramatised-Documentary was an original form of television writing and production pioneered in the 1940s by Robert Barr and Duncan Ross together with the Documentary Group which worked as a unit until 1955.The second form, the Documentary-Drama was a development of the first, but was by the late 1950s 'fiction based on fact' and the concern of the BBC Television Drama Department.The aims of this thesis - though not necessarily in this order - are to:-1. Show the historical background of Documentary by tracing the origins of the idea and its development from the early 'realist' films; The British Documentary Movement of of John Grierson (and in particular the 'dramatisations' of Harry Watt); to the BBC Sound 'Features' Department underLaurence Gilliam.2. By descriptive analysis to consider the pioneer work of the Television Documentary Group, first under the leadership of Robert Barr (1946) and later Paul Rotha (1952) until its dissolution in 1955.To illustrate the methods and output of that tiny group of writer-producers by an examination of a selection of their Dramatised-Documentaries from scripts, production records and BBC files, and to reveal an emerging form of television writing, supported and developed later by Colin Morris, which culminated in the rise of 'Series' to become the mainstay of the medium.3. As an integral part of this creative side of television, to show throughout, the major technical advances which made so much of the above possible, from the inception of the Service in 1936 to the commencement of Z-Cars in 1962

    Studies on the visual system of the rabbit

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    Russell, Quine and Wittgenstein in pursuit of truth: A comparative study.

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    Understanding the intellectual competition facing a philosopher gives a clearer sense of the depth of his work. This thesis is concerned with the reactions of Wittgenstein and Quine to Russell's foundationalism in epistemology. In particular it is concerned with the foundations of mathematics. Wittgenstein's conception of language is the deep source of his philosophy of mathematics. That is why the study of the Wittgensteinian account of mathematical truth goes beyond the limits of reflection on mathematics and extends to the philosophy of language and logic. The claim is that contrary to the framework of thought of both Russell and Quine, there is no language / reality dichotomy. Russell's search for indubitable foundations of knowledge and in particular his attempt to establish the foundations of mathematics in logic is misguided. The very supposition that mathematics needs foundations is an illusion. It is an attempt to transcend the bounds of sense. The epistemological riddles faced by Russell and Quine disappear in the later Wittgensteinian understanding of the matter. They collapse into logical insights. Following modern debates in epistemology, Russell is looking for a proof of the 'external world'. This traditional line of thought continues in Quine's notion of 'The myth of physical objects'. Though Quine's naturalized epistemology is a reaction against foundationalism, the dichotomy in question, still remains. This is finally disposed of, by Wittgenstein's later conception of language. To complete the layout of the discussions; it is demonstrated that the idea of the alleged dichotomy lies behind the arguments of Einstein, Hilbert and all of the logical positivists. Instead of pursuing the source of necessity of a pr/or/propositions in the world or in the mind, we may explore the function of such propositions. Once their role has been properly grasped, the very disturbing epistemological riddles disappear. The absolute certainty of the propositions of logic and mathematics resides in the role that they play in our practice of inference and calculation. According to Russell's account in Principia Mathematica it is a fundamental law of logic that the proposition 'Q' follows from the proposition 'P & (P -- Q)'. But what does this 'following' consist in? There is nothing in reality that provides a foundation for this inference. Logical and mathematical propositions define the techniques of inference and calculation. There is no foundation for our techniques that could justify them from the point of view of a non-participant in the practice. That is why it makes no sense to doubt logical or mathematical propositions. Russell's total loss of the 'objective world' is the inevitable outcome of his understanding of the problem. His scepticism concerning the ordinary empirical judgements is against the mastery of a technique in the practice of describing the world. Without that technique, we would be unable to think or to use language. Our certainty concerning these judgements is a practical certainty that shows how the expressions of our language are used. The function of these judgements makes the question of establishing their ground out of place

    Flight from gentility : the role of working-class characters in Dickens' novels

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    SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D37652/81 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
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