A Novel IoT-based Framework for Urine Infection Detection and Prediction using Ensemble Bagging Decision Tree Classifier

One of the most common conditions treated in adult primary care medicine is Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), which accounts for a sizeable portion of antibiotic prescriptions. A high degree of diagnostic accuracy is necessary because this issue is so prevalent and important in everyday clinical practice. Particularly in light of the rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance, excessive antibiotic prescriptions should be avoided. To examine the machine learning approach and Internet of Things (IoT) for urinary tract infections, this research proposes an Ensemble Bagging Decision Tree Classifier (EBDTC). In our study, to learn more about UTI, we conducted a study in which we collected the physiological data of 399 patients and preprocessed them using the min-max scalar normalization. Feature extraction using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and classification using Ensemble Bagging Decision Tree Classifier (EBDTC). The performance outcomes of accuracy (96.25%), precision(96.22%), recall (98.07%), and f-1 measure(97.17%) demonstrate the proposed strategy's significantly improved performance in comparison to other baseline existing techniques

Medical Internet-of-Things Based Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Hyperparameter-Optimized Neural Networks

In today’s healthcare setting, the accurate and timely diagnosis of breast cancer is critical for recovery and treatment in the early stages. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced a transformation that allows the analysis of real-time and historical data using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches. Medical IoT combines medical devices and AI applications with healthcare infrastructure to support medical diagnostics. The current state-of-the-art approach fails to diagnose breast cancer in its initial period, resulting in the death of most women. As a result, medical professionals and researchers are faced with a tremendous problem in early breast cancer detection. We propose a medical IoT-based diagnostic system that competently identifies malignant and benign people in an IoT environment to resolve the difficulty of identifying early-stage breast cancer. The artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with hyperparameter optimization are used for malignant vs. benign classification, while the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) were utilized as baseline classifiers for comparison. Hyperparameters are important for machine learning algorithms since they directly control the behaviors of training algorithms and have a significant effect on the performance of machine learning models. We employ a particle swarm optimization (PSO) feature selection approach to select more satisfactory features from the breast cancer dataset to enhance the classification performance using MLP and SVM, while grid-based search was used to find the best combination of the hyperparameters of the CNN and ANN models. The Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset was used to test the proposed approach. The proposed model got a classification accuracy of 98.5% using CNN, and 99.2% using ANN.publishedVersio

Supervised Learning Based Classification of Cardiovascular Diseases

Detecting cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the early stage is a difficult and crucial process. The objective of this study is to test the capability of machine learning (ML) methods for accurately diagnosing the CVD outcomes. For this study, the efficiency and effectiveness of four well renowned ML classifiers, i.e., support vector machine (SVM), logistics regression (LR), naive Bayes (NB), and decision tree (J48), are measured in terms of precision, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), correctly and incorrectly classified instances, and model building time. These ML classifiers are applied on publically available CVD dataset. In accordance with the measured result, J48 performs better than its competitor classifiers, providing significant assistance to the cardiologists

Computational Intelligence in Healthcare

The number of patient health data has been estimated to have reached 2314 exabytes by 2020. Traditional data analysis techniques are unsuitable to extract useful information from such a vast quantity of data. Thus, intelligent data analysis methods combining human expertise and computational models for accurate and in-depth data analysis are necessary. The technological revolution and medical advances made by combining vast quantities of available data, cloud computing services, and AI-based solutions can provide expert insight and analysis on a mass scale and at a relatively low cost. Computational intelligence (CI) methods, such as fuzzy models, artificial neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, and probabilistic methods, have recently emerged as promising tools for the development and application of intelligent systems in healthcare practice. CI-based systems can learn from data and evolve according to changes in the environments by taking into account the uncertainty characterizing health data, including omics data, clinical data, sensor, and imaging data. The use of CI in healthcare can improve the processing of such data to develop intelligent solutions for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, as well as for the analysis of administrative processes. The present Special Issue on computational intelligence for healthcare is intended to show the potential and the practical impacts of CI techniques in challenging healthcare applications

Smart aging : utilisation of machine learning and the Internet of Things for independent living

Smart aging utilises innovative approaches and technology to improve older adults’ quality of life, increasing their prospects of living independently. One of the major concerns the older adults to live independently is “serious fall”, as almost a third of people aged over 65 having a fall each year. Dementia, affecting nearly 9% of the same age group, poses another significant issue that needs to be identified as early as possible. Existing fall detection systems from the wearable sensors generate many false alarms; hence, a more accurate and secure system is necessary. Furthermore, there is a considerable gap to identify the onset of cognitive impairment using remote monitoring for self-assisted seniors living in their residences. Applying biometric security improves older adults’ confidence in using IoT and makes it easier for them to benefit from smart aging. Several publicly available datasets are pre-processed to extract distinctive features to address fall detection shortcomings, identify the onset of dementia system, and enable biometric security to wearable sensors. These key features are used with novel machine learning algorithms to train models for the fall detection system, identifying the onset of dementia system, and biometric authentication system. Applying a quantitative approach, these models are tested and analysed from the test dataset. The fall detection approach proposed in this work, in multimodal mode, can achieve an accuracy of 99% to detect a fall. Additionally, using 13 selected features, a system for detecting early signs of dementia is developed. This system has achieved an accuracy rate of 93% to identify a cognitive decline in the older adult, using only some selected aspects of their daily activities. Furthermore, the ML-based biometric authentication system uses physiological signals, such as ECG and Photoplethysmogram, in a fusion mode to identify and authenticate a person, resulting in enhancement of their privacy and security in a smart aging environment. The benefits offered by the fall detection system, early detection and identifying the signs of dementia, and the biometric authentication system, can improve the quality of life for the seniors who prefer to live independently or by themselves