A model for the evaluation of location based services in South Africa based on soft systems methodology and the process-outcomes model

Includes bibliographical references.The increasing pervasiveness of technology has led to questions concerning the contribution and value of technology, and to what extent a particular innovation, invention, product, theory or technological development benefits society. The attempt to answer these questions has led to the development of evaluation methodologies to provde a structured approach to this process of inquiry. In most cases, evaluation methodology can be classified as either fundamentally holistic or reductionist in its approach. This dissertation argues that both holistic and reductionist thinking need to be applied to the evaluation of complex phenomena, and develops theory in order to achieve this. In the context of evaluating Location Based Services (LBS) in South Africa, a conceptual framework was developed to combine the holistic, systems thinking apporach of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and the reductionist approach of metrics and the Process Outcomes model

When Mobile Phones are RFID-Equipped - Finding E.U.-U.S. Solutions to Protect Consumer Privacy and Facilitate Mobile Commerce

New mobile phones have been designed to include delivery of mobile advertising and other useful location-based services, but have they also been designed to protect consumers\u27 privacy? One of the key enabling technologies for these new types of phones and new mobile services is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), a wireless communication technology that enables the unique identification of tagged objects. In the case of RFID-enabled mobile phones, the personal nature of the devices makes it very likely that, by locating a phone, businesses will also be able to locate its owner. Consumers are currently testing new RFID-enabled phones around the globe, but the phones are not yet in general use by consumers in the United States and Europe. The incorporation of RFID into cell phones in order to deliver mobile advertising and other location-based services raises a host of important privacy questions that urgently need to be addressed before the phones become widely available. Analyzing the risks to consumer privacy in this new context, this paper offers a comparative law analysis of the applicable regulatory frameworks and recent policy developments in the European Union and the United States and concludes that there are many privacy concerns not presently addressed by E.U. and U.S. laws. This article also offers specific ideas to protect consumers\u27 privacy through applications of fair information practices and privacy-enhancing technologies. When mobile phones are RFID-equipped, consumers will need new privacy protections in order to understand the risks and make knowledgeable decisions about their privacy

Dynamic technological capability (DTC) model for the next generation of technology evolution

The central question of this thesis is how should the managers and technologists of technological organisations decide on how to invest in the co-evolution of technologies and adapt their influences to the evolution of their organisational capabilities by knowing the benefits, opportunities, costs and risks of such an investment? In the context of this research the main drivers are recognized as: - Variation in the accuracy and quality of technology - Changing market and instability in the demand for technology - Huge cost with less revenue from the technology - Increasing influence of regulations The issue of particular interest within this question includes creating a solution method for decision makers so that they can create value for their organisations by making a less risky investment decision in technology evolution, under the conditions that will be relevant to the next generation of technologies. The research work uses a case study approach within the context of the UK mobile industry in order to answer the basic and problem-oriented questions, by which; 1. the characteristics of the future technological evolutions within which the next generation of technologies must be operated are identified. 2. related theories are identified in respect of the value creation for organisations with evolving capabilities in response to the dynamic environment. 3. emphasis is placed upon the contribution of the technology co-evolution towards the evolution of organisational capabilities, as a result of a critical view of the concept of dynamic capabilities. 4. a basis is developed for the need of a solution method, consistent with the characteristics of the next generation of technologies, which respond to the current limitation of the theory of the dynamic capabilities, that must be overcome to achieve new requirements of the technology evolution. The output from the research work includes: I. A new framework, which exploits distinct technological roles: component, product and applications, support and infrastructure and integrates these technological capabilities from internal and external industries, following the four stages evolutionary cycle, including variation/reconfiguration, selection/search/learning, replication/leveraging, retention/integration. In this research, this new framework is called an evolutionary framework. II. A new set of 52 factors which are organized with respect to their clusters: technological evolution (TE), organisational evolution (OE), resource evolution (RE); their drivers: accuracy and quality of technology, market demand for technology, cost of technology, self and governmental regulations; and their merits: benefits, opportunities, costs, risks. In this research, this new set of factors is called an evaluation method. The fusion of the above concept and method places a new model, called the Dynamic Technological Capability model, within the context of technological organisations such as the UK mobile operators. The basis of the DTC model is that the exogenous industries are forcing the technology co-evolution, even if the previous generation of technologies remained unsuccessful in the dynamic market. To overcome the problems of making a less risky investment decision in the next generation of technology under such circumstances, the decision makers must have a model through which they can take measures of the investment decisions in the form of the benefits, opportunities, costs and risks values before making any investment decision. These novel aspects of the DTC model are illustrated by applying it to the UK mobile operators: Vodafone, Orange and O2, for the process of making an investment decision in the next generation of Location Based Services (LBS), called Assisted-Global Positioning System (A-GPS) technology

TechNews digests: Jan - Nov 2005

TechNews is a technology, news and analysis service aimed at anyone in the education sector keen to stay informed about technology developments, trends and issues. TechNews focuses on emerging technologies and other technology news. TechNews service : digests september 2004 till May 2010 Analysis pieces and News combined publish every 2 to 3 month

Mobile User\u27s Privacy Decision Making: Integrating Economic Exchange and Social Justice Perspectives

Recent advances in wireless computing and communication have led to the proliferation of location-based services (LBS). While LBS offer users the flexibility of accessing network services on the move, potential privacy violations have emerged as a contentious issue because details of user identities, movements and behaviors are available to LBS providers. Drawing on the economic exchange and social justice theories, this research addresses privacy issues by examining key mechanisms that can alleviate users’ privacy concerns. A theoretical framework is developed to link three privacy assurance mechanisms (technology control, industry self-regulation, and government legislation) to the individual privacy decision making process. In addition, as the individual privacy decision making is usually dynamic and context-specific, the research model will be tested in three different contexts with three different types of LBS applications (safety, advertising, and social networking applications). This research contributes to a better understanding of the dynamic and dialectic nature of information privacy through a combination of theoretical and empirical research efforts. The interplay between social and technological issues associated with the privacy assurance will be the interests for application developers, service providers and policy makers

Dynamic technological capability (DTC) model for the next generation of technology evolution

The central question of this thesis is how should the managers and technologists of technological organisations decide on how to invest in the co-evolution of technologies and adapt their influences to the evolution of their organisational capabilities by knowing the benefits, opportunities, costs and risks of such an investment? In the context of this research the main drivers are recognized as: - Variation in the accuracy and quality of technology - Changing market and instability in the demand for technology - Huge cost with less revenue from the technology - Increasing influence of regulations The issue of particular interest within this question includes creating a solution method for decision makers so that they can create value for their organisations by making a less risky investment decision in technology evolution, under the conditions that will be relevant to the next generation of technologies. The research work uses a case study approach within the context of the UK mobile industry in order to answer the basic and problem-oriented questions, by which; 1. the characteristics of the future technological evolutions within which the next generation of technologies must be operated are identified. 2. related theories are identified in respect of the value creation for organisations with evolving capabilities in response to the dynamic environment. 3. emphasis is placed upon the contribution of the technology co-evolution towards the evolution of organisational capabilities, as a result of a critical view of the concept of dynamic capabilities. 4. a basis is developed for the need of a solution method, consistent with the characteristics of the next generation of technologies, which respond to the current limitation of the theory of the dynamic capabilities, that must be overcome to achieve new requirements of the technology evolution. The output from the research work includes: I. A new framework, which exploits distinct technological roles: component, product and applications, support and infrastructure and integrates these technological capabilities from internal and external industries, following the four stages evolutionary cycle, including variation/reconfiguration, selection/search/learning, replication/leveraging, retention/integration. In this research, this new framework is called an evolutionary framework. II. A new set of 52 factors which are organized with respect to their clusters: technological evolution (TE), organisational evolution (OE), resource evolution (RE); their drivers: accuracy and quality of technology, market demand for technology, cost of technology, self and governmental regulations; and their merits: benefits, opportunities, costs, risks. In this research, this new set of factors is called an evaluation method. The fusion of the above concept and method places a new model, called the Dynamic Technological Capability model, within the context of technological organisations such as the UK mobile operators. The basis of the DTC model is that the exogenous industries are forcing the technology co-evolution, even if the previous generation of technologies remained unsuccessful in the dynamic market. To overcome the problems of making a less risky investment decision in the next generation of technology under such circumstances, the decision makers must have a model through which they can take measures of the investment decisions in the form of the benefits, opportunities, costs and risks values before making any investment decision. These novel aspects of the DTC model are illustrated by applying it to the UK mobile operators: Vodafone, Orange and O2, for the process of making an investment decision in the next generation of Location Based Services (LBS), called Assisted-Global Positioning System (A-GPS) technology

Non-Intrusive Subscriber Authentication for Next Generation Mobile Communication Systems

Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/753 on 14.03.2017 by CS (TIS)The last decade has witnessed massive growth in both the technological development, and the consumer adoption of mobile devices such as mobile handsets and PDAs. The recent introduction of wideband mobile networks has enabled the deployment of new services with access to traditionally well protected personal data, such as banking details or medical records. Secure user access to this data has however remained a function of the mobile device's authentication system, which is only protected from masquerade abuse by the traditional PIN, originally designed to protect against telephony abuse. This thesis presents novel research in relation to advanced subscriber authentication for mobile devices. The research began by assessing the threat of masquerade attacks on such devices by way of a survey of end users. This revealed that the current methods of mobile authentication remain extensively unused, leaving terminals highly vulnerable to masquerade attack. Further investigation revealed that, in the context of the more advanced wideband enabled services, users are receptive to many advanced authentication techniques and principles, including the discipline of biometrics which naturally lends itself to the area of advanced subscriber based authentication. To address the requirement for a more personal authentication capable of being applied in a continuous context, a novel non-intrusive biometric authentication technique was conceived, drawn from the discrete disciplines of biometrics and Auditory Evoked Responses. The technique forms a hybrid multi-modal biometric where variations in the behavioural stimulus of the human voice (due to the propagation effects of acoustic waves within the human head), are used to verify the identity o f a user. The resulting approach is known as the Head Authentication Technique (HAT). Evaluation of the HAT authentication process is realised in two stages. Firstly, the generic authentication procedures of registration and verification are automated within a prototype implementation. Secondly, a HAT demonstrator is used to evaluate the authentication process through a series of experimental trials involving a representative user community. The results from the trials confirm that multiple HAT samples from the same user exhibit a high degree of correlation, yet samples between users exhibit a high degree of discrepancy. Statistical analysis of the prototypes performance realised early system error rates of; FNMR = 6% and FMR = 0.025%. The results clearly demonstrate the authentication capabilities of this novel biometric approach and the contribution this new work can make to the protection of subscriber data in next generation mobile networks.Orange Personal Communication Services Lt

Seamless Outdoors-Indoors Localization Solutions on Smartphones: Implementation and Challenges

© ACM, 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in http://doi.org/10.1145/2871166[EN] The demand for more sophisticated Location-Based Services (LBS) in terms of applications variety and accuracy is tripling every year since the emergence of the smartphone a few years ago. Equally, smartphone manufacturers are mounting several wireless communication and localization technologies, inertial sensors as well as powerful processing capability, to cater to such LBS applications. A hybrid of wireless technologies is needed to provide seamless localization solutions and to improve accuracy, to reduce time to fix, and to reduce power consumption. The review of localization techniques/technologies of this emerging field is therefore important. This article reviews the recent research-oriented and commercial localization solutions on smartphones. The focus of this article is on the implementation challenges associated with utilizing these positioning solutions on Android-based smartphones. Furthermore, the taxonomy of smartphone-location techniques is highlighted with a special focus on the detail of each technique and its hybridization. The article compares the indoor localization techniques based on accuracy, utilized wireless technology, overhead, and localization technique used. The pursuit of achieving ubiquitous localization outdoors and indoors for critical LBS applications such as security and safety shall dominate future research efforts.This research was sponsored by Koya University, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Ali Al-Sherbaz (from the University of Northampton-UK) and Dr. Naseer Al-Jawad (from the University of Buckingham-UK) for providing and improving the quality of this article in terms of academic and technical writing.Maghdid, HS.; Lami, IA.; Ghafoor, KZ.; Lloret, J. (2016). 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Market Report for Industrial Handheld Wireless Devices

This report, as a preliminary market study of industrial handheld wireless devices, includes a market overview, a market research analysis based on the 5Cs (Customers, Company, Competitors, Collaborators, and Context), market characteristics (size, segmentation, vertical market applications, and demand), future opportunities projections, and an industry analysis using the five-forces model. The data, facts and evidence for this report were gathered through primary research with global design houses and from secondary sources. This report finds that the market for industrial handheld products has been and will be growing steadily due to increasing demand for productivity, communication, and service, supply and management applications at various market verticals, and enhancements in wireless and networking technologies. This market growth also provides business opportunities for independent software vendors to engage with industrial device manufacturers (customers) to provide them with complete software solutions