Zoning of territory on the basis of modeling of efficiency of forest resources use in Russian regions’ economy

The purpose of this work is development of the model of evaluation of efficiency of the use of resources in economy of regions of sparsely forested area, which allows offering a typology of zones in the region and performing zoning of territory depending on the efficiency of activities of structures which use forest resources. The offered model is peculiar for calculation of deviations of current income of state and entrepreneur from optimal income from the point of view of the most profitable use of lands. On the basis of the offered model, the typology for regions of sparsely forested area is developed, which includes four types of territories: high-profitable territories – characterized by minimal deviations of profitability of entrepreneur and state, due to which they are considered to be territories with well-balanced use of forest resources in economy; profitable territories with emphasis on state’s interest, where the deviation of profitability of entrepreneur is maximal, and profitability of state is minimal; profitable territories with emphasis on interest of entrepreneurs, where deviation of entrepreneur’s profitability is minimal, and of state’s profitability is maximal; low-income territories, unattractive for forest use, where deviation of profitability of entrepreneur and state is maximal. This typology conforms to the task of formation of differentiated instrumentarium of well-balanced use of forest resources in territories’ economy.peer-reviewe

The role and place of the crisis traps in the development of the small business of the forest sector in the Russian economy

The article identifies the role and place of crisis traps in the development of the small business of the forest sector in the Russian Economy through the life cycle stages – origination stage (crisis innovative trap), formation stage (crisis organizing trap), growth stage (crisis financial trap), maturity stage (crisis marketing trap). The emergence of crisis traps is connected with specific features of small forestry business development and functioning. Sustainable small forest business development depends on management actions on minimization and overcoming crisis manifestations. It is proved that it is possible to avoid the threat of falling into crisis traps, the crisis symptoms emergence, situations and processes in the small forestry business development due to forming program of the management actions and organizational tools to perform it.peer-reviewe

Rural Governance in the UK

This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of rural society in a post-Brexit UK by examining the emergence of new environmental and rural policies and the implications of this transition for rural communities. Through the Common Agricultural Policy, Common Fisheries Policy, the Birds and Habitats Directives, the Water Framework Directive and a myriad of other legislations and institutions, the EU has had a deciding role in how the UK’s rural environment is governed. Disentangling this policy legacy is a complex process and offers both opportunities and challenges for policy makers, institutions, organisations and stakeholders across the UK as they strive to create appropriate new governance structures. With the Agriculture Bill, the 25-Year Environment Plan and the founding of the Office of Environmental Protection, the UK government has provided at least a degree of clarity on the future direction of environmental governance, but much remains uncertain, not least how this is engaged with by different stakeholders. While Brexit is the lens through which rural policy and sustainability are interrogated, this collection demonstrates the underpinning features of rural policy and society, identifying opportunities for addressing deep-seated policy weaknesses thereby creating a more sustainable and equitable rural society. This book brings together academics, established and early career, to discuss the impact of Brexit on rural environmental governance and on the wider sustainability of rural society, relating to three overall themes: rural governance, sustainable land use, and sustainable rural communities. In doing so, it considers sectors beyond agriculture, paying attention to social relations, community infrastructure, the environment, rural development and broader issues of land use. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of rural development, rural entrepreneurship, rural digital inclusion, environmental policy, sustainable development, land use, agrarian studies and environmental geography

Fair Deals for Watershed Services: Lessons from a Multi-country Action-learning Project

Payments for ecosystem services make good sense. In the case of watershed ecosystems, downstream beneficiaries of wise upstream land and water stewardship should compensate these upstream stewards. These 'payments for watershed services' (PWS) should contribute to the costs of watershed management and, if upstream communities are also characterised by poverty, these payments should contribute to local development and poverty reduction as well. Debates about both conservation and development have seen a wave of excitement about payments for watershed services in recent years. But on the ground an equivalent surge of action is harder to see. IIED and its partners have been building on earlier international case study work to set up new PWS schemes - to 'learn by doing' and to improve our understanding of the opportunities and the challenges.This report is about the complex business of trying to put a simple conservation and development idea into practice. The idea is that watershed degradation in developing countries might be better tackled than it currently is if downstream beneficiaries of wise land use in watershed areas paid for these benefits. There are some examples around the world of this idea being put into practice - this report reviews these and describes what happened when teams in six developing countries set about exploring how the idea works on the ground

To sustainability in forestry: the Ukraine's case

Keywords: forestry; sustainable development; economy-in-transition; the Ukraine; institutions; multi-functional forest use; timber rotation; afforestation programme; soil erosion; climate change; carbon sequestration; cost-benefit analysis; forest policy measures and instruments. The general idea of the study is to address the current process of establishing new economic relations in forestry-in-transition and assess opportunities for its sustainable development. The scientific value of the thesis derives from the elaboration of multidisciplinary knowledge and the enhancement of practical applicability in a transitional economy of the concept of sustainable forestry development. Taking as an example the forest sector of the Ukraine, the study draws on the state of affairs in forestry that is developing under changing economic conditions, examining failures and new incentives in economic and institutional reforms. The central objective of the study is to determine the appropriate forest policies and economic incentives to improve future output from Ukrainian forestry, while making the sector economically efficient, socially acceptable and environmentally friendly. The way of the forest sector towards sustainable development is explored by analysing the following sustainability criteria: economics of forest use; forests' contribution to soil protection and carbon sequestration; the institutional framework in forestry and the necessity of its transformation in line with the requirements of the transition economy. The major research questions are: how does the transition to a market economy affect the Ukraine's forestry and what are the opportunities for its sustainable development? The study provides insights into sustainable forestry development at national and regional levels. Given that the Ukraine is a sparsely wooded country and considering the economic, social and environmental role of forests, the programme of afforestation as a long-term strategy for sustainability is elaborated. The implementation of the programme could enhance economic and soil protective forest functions. The study also reveals how the expansion of forest cover in the Ukraine enables to moderate carbon emissions and what forests' contribution to climate change mitigation could be. Afforestation is seen as a key sustainable forest policy measure if the country receives credits when trees are planted for carbon sequestration, since the currency obtained from such a trade can be used for developing the forest sector, taking into account all other criteria of sustainability. The research incorporates knowledge from social sciences, forestry and environmental sciences. It follows the semi-qualitative route and applies quantitative models where they are available and relevant. The study employs regression analysis; cluster and factor analysis; simulation and optimisation modelling; and cost-benefit analysis. Special attention in the study is being given to the implementation mechanism and to managerial aspects of the Ukrainian forestry's development towards sustainability

Conserving land, protecting water

Water resource management / Water productivity / Water conservation / Recycling / Land management / Soil conservation / Ecosystems / Ecology / Evapotranspiration / Food security / Poverty / River basins / Irrigated farming