55,236 research outputs found
Minimal realizations of linear systems: The "shortest basis" approach
Given a controllable discrete-time linear system C, a shortest basis for C is
a set of linearly independent generators for C with the least possible lengths.
A basis B is a shortest basis if and only if it has the predictable span
property (i.e., has the predictable delay and degree properties, and is
non-catastrophic), or alternatively if and only if it has the subsystem basis
property (for any interval J, the generators in B whose span is in J is a basis
for the subsystem C_J). The dimensions of the minimal state spaces and minimal
transition spaces of C are simply the numbers of generators in a shortest basis
B that are active at any given state or symbol time, respectively. A minimal
linear realization for C in controller canonical form follows directly from a
shortest basis for C, and a minimal linear realization for C in observer
canonical form follows directly from a shortest basis for the orthogonal system
C^\perp. This approach seems conceptually simpler than that of classical
minimal realization theory.Comment: 20 pages. Final version, to appear in special issue of IEEE
Transactions on Information Theory on "Facets of coding theory: From
algorithms to networks," dedicated to Ralf Koette
Conformal Field Theories, Representations and Lattice Constructions
An account is given of the structure and representations of chiral bosonic
meromorphic conformal field theories (CFT's), and, in particular, the
conditions under which such a CFT may be extended by a representation to form a
new theory. This general approach is illustrated by considering the untwisted
and -twisted theories, and respectively,
which may be constructed from a suitable even Euclidean lattice .
Similarly, one may construct lattices and by
analogous constructions from a doubly-even binary code . In the case when
is self-dual, the corresponding lattices are also. Similarly,
and are self-dual if and only if is. We show that
has a natural ``triality'' structure, which induces an
isomorphism and also a triality
structure on . For the Golay code,
is the Leech lattice, and the triality on is the symmetry which extends the natural action of (an
extension of) Conway's group on this theory to the Monster, so setting triality
and Frenkel, Lepowsky and Meurman's construction of the natural Monster module
in a more general context. The results also serve to shed some light on the
classification of self-dual CFT's. We find that of the 48 theories
and with central charge 24 that there are 39 distinct ones,
and further that all 9 coincidences are accounted for by the isomorphism
detailed above, induced by the existence of a doubly-even self-dual binary
code.Comment: 65 page
Sphere packing bounds via spherical codes
The sphere packing problem asks for the greatest density of a packing of
congruent balls in Euclidean space. The current best upper bound in all
sufficiently high dimensions is due to Kabatiansky and Levenshtein in 1978. We
revisit their argument and improve their bound by a constant factor using a
simple geometric argument, and we extend the argument to packings in hyperbolic
space, for which it gives an exponential improvement over the previously known
bounds. Additionally, we show that the Cohn-Elkies linear programming bound is
always at least as strong as the Kabatiansky-Levenshtein bound; this result is
analogous to Rodemich's theorem in coding theory. Finally, we develop
hyperbolic linear programming bounds and prove the analogue of Rodemich's
theorem there as well.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figure
Lecture notes: Semidefinite programs and harmonic analysis
Lecture notes for the tutorial at the workshop HPOPT 2008 - 10th
International Workshop on High Performance Optimization Techniques (Algebraic
Structure in Semidefinite Programming), June 11th to 13th, 2008, Tilburg
University, The Netherlands.Comment: 31 page
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