Statistical Software for State Space Methods

In this paper we review the state space approach to time series analysis and establish the notation that is adopted in this special volume of the Journal of Statistical Software. We first provide some background on the history of state space methods for the analysis of time series. This is followed by a concise overview of linear Gaussian state space analysis including the modelling framework and appropriate estimation methods. We discuss the important class of unobserved component models which incorporate a trend, a seasonal, a cycle, and fixed explanatory and intervention variables for the univariate and multivariate analysis of time series. We continue the discussion by presenting methods for the computation of different estimates for the unobserved state vector: filtering, prediction, and smoothing. Estimation approaches for the other parameters in the model are also considered. Next, we discuss how the estimation procedures can be used for constructing confidence intervals, detecting outlier observations and structural breaks, and testing model assumptions of residual independence, homoscedasticity, and normality. We then show how ARIMA and ARIMA components models fit in the state space framework to time series analysis. We also provide a basic introduction for non-Gaussian state space models. Finally, we present an overview of the software tools currently available for the analysis of time series with state space methods as they are discussed in the other contributions to this special volume.

Stochastic local search: a state-of-the-art review

The main objective of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review, analyze and discuss stochastic local search techniques used for solving hard combinatorial problems. It begins with a short introduction, motivation and some basic notation on combinatorial problems, search paradigms and other relevant features of searching techniques as needed for background. In the following a brief overview of the stochastic local search methods along with an analysis of the state-of-the-art stochastic local search algorithms is given. Finally, the last part of the paper present and discuss some of the most latest trends in application of stochastic local search algorithms in machine learning, data mining and some other areas of science and engineering. We conclude with a discussion on capabilities and limitations of stochastic local search algorithms

EE

"This Skin Notation Profile presents (1) a brief summary of technical data associated with skin contact with EE and (2) the rationale behind the hazard-specific skin notation (SK) assignment for EE. The SK assignment is based on the scientific rationale and logic outlined in the Current Intelligence Bulletin (CIB) 61: A Strategy for Assigning New NIOSH Skin Notations [NIOSH 2009]. The summarized information and health hazard assessment are limited to an evaluation of the potential health effects of dermal exposure to EE. A literature search was conducted through July 2010 to identify information on EE, including but not limited to data relating to its toxicokinetics, acute toxicity, repeated-dose systemic toxicity, carcinogenicity, biological system/function-specific effects (including reproductive and developmental effects and immunotoxicity), irritation, and sensitization. Information was considered from studies of humans, animals, or appropriate modeling systems that are relevant to assessing the effects of dermal exposure to EE. EE is potentially capable of causing multiple toxic effects following skin contact. A critical review of available data has resulted in the following SK assignment for EE: SK: SYS. Table 1 provides an overview of the critical effects and data used to develop the SK assignment for EE." -- NIOSHTIC-2Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. General Substance Information -- 1.2. Purpose -- 1.3. Overview of SK Assignment for EE -- 2. Systemic Toxicity from Skin Exposure (SK: SYS) -- 3. Direct Effects on Skin (SK: DIR) -- 4 Immune-mediated Responses (SK: SEN) -- 5. Summary -- References -- Appendix: Calculation of the SI ratio for EE -- Overview -- Calculation -- Appendix: References"This document was developed by the Education and Information Division, Paul Schulte, Ph.D., Director. G. Scott Dotson, Ph.D. was the project officer for this docu-ment. Other NIOSH personnel, in particular Eric Esswein, M.Sc., Charles L. Geraci, Ph.D., Thomas J. Lentz, Ph.D., Richard Niemeier, Ph.D., and. Loren Tapp, M.D., con-tributed to its development by providing technical reviews and comments. The basis for this document was a report contracted by NIOSH and prepared by Bernard Gadagbui, Ph.D., and Andrew Maier, Ph.D. (Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment [TERA])." - p. ix"April 2011."Includes bibliographical references (p. 5-7).Also available via the World Wide Web as Acrobat .pdf file (721 kB, 28 p.)

BE

"This Skin Notation Profile presents (1) a brief summary of technical data associated with skin contact with BE and (2) the rationale behind the hazard-specific skin notation (SK) assignment for BE. The SK assignment is based on the scientific rationale and logic outlined in the Current Intelligence Bulletin (CIB) 61: A Strategy for Assigning New NIOSH Skin Notations [NIOSH 2009]. The summarized information and health hazard assessment are limited to an evaluation of the potential health effects of dermal exposure to BE. A literature search was conducted through July 2010 to identify information on BE, including but not limited to data relating to its toxicokinetics, acute toxicity, repeated-dose systemic toxicity, carcinogenicity, biological system/function-specific effects (including reproductive and developmental effects and immunotoxicity), irritation, and sensitization. Information was considered from studies of humans, animals, or appropriate modeling systems that are relevant to assessing the effects of dermal exposure to BE. BE is potentially capable of causing multiple toxic effects following skin contact. A critical review of available data has resulted in the following SK assignment for BE: SK: SYS-DIR (IRR). Table 1 provides an overview of the critical effects and data used to develop the SK assignment for BE." - NIOSHTIC-2Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. General Substance Information -- 1.2. Purpose -- 1.3. Overview of SK Assignment for BE -- 2. Systemic Toxicity from Skin Exposure (SK: SYS) -- 3. Direct Effects on Skin (SK: DIR) -- 4 Immune-mediated Responses (SK: SEN) -- 5. Summary -- References -- Appendix: Calculation of the SI ratio for BE -- Overview -- Calculation -- Appendix: References"This document was developed by the Education and Information Division, Paul Schulte, Ph.D., Director. G. Scott Dotson, Ph.D. was the project officer for this document. Other NIOSH personnel, in particular Clayton B. Hymer, Ph.D., Charles L. Geraci, Ph.D., Thomas J. Lentz, Ph.D., Richard Niemeier, Ph.D., and Paul Siegel, Ph.D., contributed to its development by providing technical reviews and comments. The basis for this document was a report contracted by NIOSH and prepared by Bernard Gadagbui, Ph.D., and Andrew Maier, Ph.D. (Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment [TERA])." - p. ix"April 2011."Includes bibliographical references (p. 7-9).Also available via the World Wide Web as Acrobat .pdf file (729 kB, 28 p.)

Nitroglycerin [CAS No. 55-63-8]

"This Skin Notation Profile presents (1) a brief summary of technical data associated with skin contact with nitroglycerin and (2) the rationale behind the hazard-specific skin notation (SK) assignment for nitroglycerin. The SK assignment is based on the scientific rationale and logic outlined in the Current Intelligence Bulletin (CIB) 61: A Strategy for Assigning New NIOSH Skin Notations [NIOSH 2009]. The summarized information and health hazard assessment are limited to an evaluation of the potential health effects of dermal exposure to nitroglycerin. A literature search was conducted through July 2010 to identify information on nitroglycerin, including but not limited to data relating to its toxicokinetics, acute toxicity, repeated-dose systemic toxicity, carcinogenicity, biological system/function-specific effects (including reproductive and developmental effects and immunotoxicity), irritation, and sensitization. Information was considered from studies of humans, animals, or appropriate modeling systems that are relevant to assessing the effects of dermal exposure to nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is potentially capable of causing multiple adverse health effects following skin contact. A critical review of available data has resulted in the following SK assignment for nitroglycerin: SK: SYS (FATAL)-DIR (IRR)-SEN. Table 1 provides an overview of the critical effects and data used to develop the SK assignment for nitroglycerin." - NIOSHTIC-2Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. General Substance Information -- 1.2. Purpose -- 1.3. Overview of SK Assignment for Nitroglycerin -- 2. Systemic Toxicity from Skin Exposure (SK: SYS) -- 3. Direct Effects on Skin (SK: DIR) -- 4 Immune-mediated Responses (SK: SEN) -- 5. Summary -- References -- Appendix: Calculation of the SI ratio for Nitroglycerin -- Overview -- Calculation -- Appendix: References"This document was developed by the Education and Information Division, Paul Schulte, Ph.D., Director. G. Scott Dotson, Ph.D., was the project officer for this document. Other NIOSH personnel, in particular Heinz Ahlers, J.D., Eric Esswein, M.Sc., Charles L. Geraci, Ph.D., Thomas J. Lentz, Ph.D., Richard Niemeier, Ph.D., and Angie Shepherd, contributed to its development by providing technical reviews and comments. The basis for this document was a report contracted by NIOSH and prepared by Bernard Gadagbui, Ph.D., and Andrew Maier, Ph.D. (Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment [TERA]). " -- p. ix"April 2011."Includes bibliographical references (p. 7-9).Also available via the World Wide Web as Acrobat .pdf file (693 KB, 28 p..)

Specification and implementation of mapping rule visualization and editing : MapVOWL and the RMLEditor

Visual tools are implemented to help users in defining how to generate Linked Data from raw data. This is possible thanks to mapping languages which enable detaching mapping rules from the implementation that executes them. However, no thorough research has been conducted so far on how to visualize such mapping rules, especially if they become large and require considering multiple heterogeneous raw data sources and transformed data values. In the past, we proposed the RMLEditor, a visual graph-based user interface, which allows users to easily create mapping rules for generating Linked Data from raw data. In this paper, we build on top of our existing work: we (i) specify a visual notation for graph visualizations used to represent mapping rules, (ii) introduce an approach for manipulating rules when large visualizations emerge, and (iii) propose an approach to uniformly visualize data fraction of raw data sources combined with an interactive interface for uniform data fraction transformations. We perform two additional comparative user studies. The first one compares the use of the visual notation to present mapping rules to the use of a mapping language directly, which reveals that the visual notation is preferred. The second one compares the use of the graph-based RMLEditor for creating mapping rules to the form-based RMLx Visual Editor, which reveals that graph-based visualizations are preferred to create mapping rules through the use of our proposed visual notation and uniform representation of heterogeneous data sources and data values. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A direct manipulation object-oriented environment to support methodology-independent CASE tools : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science at Massey University

The aim of the thesis is research into application of direct-manipulable OO graphical environments to the development of methodology-independent CASE tools. In this thesis, a Methodology-Independent Graphical OO CASE Environment (M1GOCE) is proposed. MIGOCE consists of three parts: OO Notation Workshop, OO Notation Repository and Universal OO Diagramming Tool. OO Notation Workshop is an OO graphical editor which is used to design existing and new notations; OO Notation Repository is a notation database that stores different notations designed by the notation workshop; Universal OO Diagramming Tool is an upper-CASE graphical environment, by which a user can draw arbitrary OO diagrams of different methodologies. The MIGOCE database management system provides OO notation sets management, OOA/OOD diagrams management and OO repository management for data integrity and sharing. MIGOCE has three outstanding characteristics: Methodology-independence, Directly-manipulable graphical environment and Easily-expanded program structure MIGOCE is completely methodology-independent. It not only supports existing OO methodologies, but also supports users' own notation designs. It provides support for mixing, updating existing methodologies or defining new ones. It typically allows the user to switch quickly different OO notation sets supported by corresponding methodologies for designing diagrams. Direct manipulation interfaces of MIGOCE enable it more flexible and distinctive. The user can easily add, delete, edit or show notation shapes, and get the system feedback very quick on the screen. The MIGOCE system itself is programmed using object-oriented programming language - C++. Its program structure enable the functions of itself easy to be modified and expanded. Although MIGOCE is a prototype, it provides a new way to develop the real methodology-independent OO CASE environment. So far, the way and style taken by MIGOCE have not been found in OO CASE literatures. This system gives a complete possibility of implementing a methodology-independent OO CASE tool and shows distinct effectiveness of such a tool in practice

1,3-D

"This Skin Notation Profile presents (1) a brief summary of technical data associated with skin contact with 1,3-D and (2) the rationale behind the hazard-specific skin notation (SK) assignment for 1,3-D. The SK assignment is based on the scientific rationale and logic outlined in the Current Intelligence Bulletin (CIB) 61: A Strategy for Assigning New NIOSH Skin Notations [NIOSH 2009]. The summarized information and health hazard assessment are limited to an evaluation of the potential health effects of dermal exposure to 1,3-D. A literature search was conducted through July 2010 to identify information on 1,3-D, including but not limited to data relating to its toxicokinetics, acute toxicity, repeated-dose systemic toxicity, carcinogenicity, biological system/function-specific effects (including reproductive and developmental effects and immunotoxicity), irritation, and sensitization. Information was considered from studies of humans, animals, or appropriate modeling systems that are relevant to assessing the effects of dermal exposure to 1,3-D. 1,3-D is potentially capable of causing numerous adverse health effects following skin contact. A critical review of available data has resulted in the following SK assignment for 1,3-D: SK: SYS-DIR (IRR)-SEN. Table 1 provides an overview of the critical effects and data used to develop the SK assignment for 1,3-D. The following section provides additional detail about the potential health hazards of skin contact with 1,3-D and the rationale behind the SK assignment.." -- NIOSHTIC-2Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. General Substance Information -- 1.2. Purpose -- 1.3. Overview of SK Assignment for 1,3-D -- 2. Systemic Toxicity from Skin Exposure (SK: SYS) -- 3. Direct Effects on Skin (SK: DIR) -- 4 Immune-mediated Responses (SK: SEN) -- 5. Summary -- References -- Appendix: Calculation of the SI ratio for 1,3-D -- Overview -- Calculation -- Appendix: References"This document was developed by the Education and Information Division, Paul Schulte, Ph.D., Director. G. Scott Dotson, Ph.D., was the project officer for this document. Other NIOSH personnel, in particular Gregory A. Day, Ph.D.; Charles L. Geraci, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Lentz, Ph.D.; Richard Niemeier, Ph.D.; and Aaron Sussell, Ph.D., contributed to its development by providing technical reviews and comments. The basis for this document was a report contracted by NIOSH and prepared by Bernard Gadag-bui, Ph.D., and Andrew Maier, Ph.D. (Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment [TERA])." - p. ix"March 2011."Includes bibliographical references (p. 5-6).Also available via the World Wide Web as Acrobat .pdf file (492.34 kB, 22 p.)