18 research outputs found

    Toward composing variable structure models and their interfaces: a case of intensional coupling definitions

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    In this thesis, we investigate a combination of traditional component-based and variable structure modeling. The focus is on a structural consistent specification of couplings in modular, hierarchical models with a variable structure. For this, we exploitintensional definitions, as known from logic, and introduce a novel intensional coupling definition, which allows a concise yet expressive specification of complex communication and interaction patterns in static as well as variable structure models, without the need to worryabout structural consistency.In der Arbeit untersuchen wir ein Zusammenbringen von klassischer komponenten-basierter und variabler Strukturmodellierung. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Spezifikation von strukturkonsistenten Kopplungen in modular-hierarchischen Modellen mit einer variablen Struktur. Dafür nutzen wir intensionale Definitionen, wie sie aus der Logik bekannt sind, und führen ein neuartiges Konzept von intensionalen Kopplungen ein, welches kompakte gleichzeitig ausdrucksstarke Spezifikationen von komplexen Kommunikations- und Interaktionsmuster in statischen und variablen Strukturmodellen erlaubt

    Toward Accessible Multilevel Modeling in Systems Biology: A Rule-based Language Concept

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    Promoted by advanced experimental techniques for obtaining high-quality data and the steadily accumulating knowledge about the complexity of life, modeling biological systems at multiple interrelated levels of organization attracts more and more attention recently. Current approaches for modeling multilevel systems typically lack an accessible formal modeling language or have major limitations with respect to expressiveness. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive discussion on associated problems and needs and to propose a concrete solution addressing them

    Laboratoire Virtuel pour la Pompe Biologique dans le Domaine Mésopélagique

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    L'objectif du stage est de concevoir un laboratoire virtuel pour permettre l'expérimentation en réalité virtuelle de modèles de la pompe biologique dans le domaine mésopélagique. Actuellement, il est établi que l'interaction entre les particules qui sédimentent et les organismes de la zone mésopélagique (100-1000m) détermine l'efficacité de la pompe biologique qui varie spatialement et temporellement à différentes échelles ; mais il n'y a pas de consensus sur les mécanismes la contrôlant. Ce document étudie quels concepts et outils facilitent l'étude et la compréhension des phénomènes impliqués dans le devenir du carbone produit à la surface des océans qui sédimente après avoir traversé différents réseaux trophiques entre le voisinage de la surface et les grandes profondeurs. Deux verrous informatiques principaux sont identifiés pour élaborer ce laboratoire virtuel : l'intrication de modèles multidisciplinaires et les interactions multi-échelles. L'analyse de la dynamique de ce système complexe grâce à la théorie de compétition pour les ressources nous permet d'interpréter les interactions écologiques et biochimiques dans des régions stables de l'océan. Cet aspect ne prenant en compte que les interactions entre populations, nous avons étudié la pompe biologique sous une approche basée agent. L'écosystème virtuel créé s'est avéré stable et donc particulièrement intéressant pour la prévision de la réponse à des changements de paramètres. Cependant, ce genre de simulation basé agent est difficile à mettre en place et est lourd en calcul. Une approche multi-échelles (basée sur la théorie du bilan énergétique dynamique) nous a orienté vers le laboratoire que nous avons réalisé, programmé en langage C. Une approche par paquets de particules nous a permis d'obtenir des résultats qui semblent cohérents dans un temps raisonnable

    Second Generation General System Theory: Perspectives in Philosophy and Approaches in Complex Systems

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    Following the classical work of Norbert Wiener, Ross Ashby, Ludwig von Bertalanffy and many others, the concept of System has been elaborated in different disciplinary fields, allowing interdisciplinary approaches in areas such as Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Cognitive Science, Economics, Engineering, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, and Philosophy. The new challenge of Complexity and Emergence has made the concept of System even more relevant to the study of problems with high contextuality. This Special Issue focuses on the nature of new problems arising from the study and modelling of complexity, their eventual common aspects, properties and approaches—already partially considered by different disciplines—as well as focusing on new, possibly unitary, theoretical frameworks. This Special Issue aims to introduce fresh impetus into systems research when the possible detection and correction of mistakes require the development of new knowledge. This book contains contributions presenting new approaches and results, problems and proposals. The context is an interdisciplinary framework dealing, in order, with electronic engineering problems; the problem of the observer; transdisciplinarity; problems of organised complexity; theoretical incompleteness; design of digital systems in a user-centred way; reaction networks as a framework for systems modelling; emergence of a stable system in reaction networks; emergence at the fundamental systems level; behavioural realization of memoryless functions

    A Language-centered Approach to support environmental modeling with Cellular Automata

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    Die Anwendung von Methodiken und Technologien aus dem Bereich der Softwaretechnik auf den Bereich der Umweltmodellierung ist eine gemeinhin akzeptierte Vorgehensweise. Im Rahmen der "modellgetriebenen Entwicklung"(MDE, model-driven engineering) werden Technologien entwickelt, die darauf abzielen, Softwaresysteme vorwiegend auf Basis von im Vergleich zu Programmquelltexten relativ abstrakten Modellen zu entwickeln. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil von MDE sind Techniken zur effizienten Entwicklung von "domänenspezifischen Sprachen"( DSL, domain-specific language), die auf Sprachmetamodellen beruhen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, wie modellgetriebene Entwicklung, und insbesondere die metamodellbasierte Beschreibung von DSLs, darüber hinaus Aspekte der Pragmatik unterstützen kann, deren Relevanz im erkenntnistheoretischen und kognitiven Hintergrund wissenschaftlichen Forschens begründet wird. Hierzu wird vor dem Hintergrund der Erkenntnisse des "modellbasierten Forschens"(model-based science und model-based reasoning) gezeigt, wie insbesondere durch Metamodelle beschriebene DSLs Möglichkeiten bieten, entsprechende pragmatische Aspekte besonders zu berücksichtigen, indem sie als Werkzeug zur Erkenntnisgewinnung aufgefasst werden. Dies ist v.a. im Kontext großer Unsicherheiten, wie sie für weite Teile der Umweltmodellierung charakterisierend sind, von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung. Die Formulierung eines sprachzentrierten Ansatzes (LCA, language-centered approach) für die Werkzeugunterstützung konkretisiert die genannten Aspekte und bildet die Basis für eine beispielhafte Implementierung eines Werkzeuges mit einer DSL für die Beschreibung von Zellulären Automaten (ZA) für die Umweltmodellierung. Anwendungsfälle belegen die Verwendbarkeit von ECAL und der entsprechenden metamodellbasierten Werkzeugimplementierung.The application of methods and technologies of software engineering to environmental modeling and simulation (EMS) is common, since both areas share basic issues of software development and digital simulation. Recent developments within the context of "Model-driven Engineering" (MDE) aim at supporting the development of software systems at the base of relatively abstract models as opposed to programming language code. A basic ingredient of MDE is the development of methods that allow the efficient development of "domain-specific languages" (DSL), in particular at the base of language metamodels. This thesis shows how MDE and language metamodeling in particular, may support pragmatic aspects that reflect epistemic and cognitive aspects of scientific investigations. For this, DSLs and language metamodeling in particular are set into the context of "model-based science" and "model-based reasoning". It is shown that the specific properties of metamodel-based DSLs may be used to support those properties, in particular transparency, which are of particular relevance against the background of uncertainty, that is a characterizing property of EMS. The findings are the base for the formulation of an corresponding specific metamodel- based approach for the provision of modeling tools for EMS (Language-centered Approach, LCA), which has been implemented (modeling tool ECA-EMS), including a new DSL for CA modeling for EMS (ECAL). At the base of this implementation, the applicability of this approach is shown

    A Continuous-Time Microsimulation and First Steps Towards a Multi-Level Approach in Demography

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    Microsimulation is a methodology that closely mimics life-course dynamics. In this thesis, we describe the development of the demographic microsimulation with a continuous time scale that we have realized in the context of the project MicMac - Bridging the micro-macro gap in population forecasting. Furthermore, we detail extensions that we have added to the initial version of the MicMac microsimulation.Mikrosimulation ist eine Prognosetechnik, die sich hervorragend eignet, um Bevölkerungsdynamik realitätsnah abzubilden. In dieser Dissertation beschreiben wir die Entwicklung einer demografischen Mikrosimulation, die wir im Rahmen des Projektes MicMac - Bridging the micro-macro gap in population forecasting erstellt haben. Zudem erläutern wir Erweiterungen, die wir an der ursprünglichen MicMac- Mikrosimulation vorgenommen haben

    Foundations of Multi-Paradigm Modelling for Cyber-Physical Systems

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    This open access book coherently gathers well-founded information on the fundamentals of and formalisms for modelling cyber-physical systems (CPS). Highlighting the cross-disciplinary nature of CPS modelling, it also serves as a bridge for anyone entering CPS from related areas of computer science or engineering. Truly complex, engineered systems—known as cyber-physical systems—that integrate physical, software, and network aspects are now on the rise. However, there is no unifying theory nor systematic design methods, techniques or tools for these systems. Individual (mechanical, electrical, network or software) engineering disciplines only offer partial solutions. A technique known as Multi-Paradigm Modelling has recently emerged suggesting to model every part and aspect of a system explicitly, at the most appropriate level(s) of abstraction, using the most appropriate modelling formalism(s), and then weaving the results together to form a representation of the system. If properly applied, it enables, among other global aspects, performance analysis, exhaustive simulation, and verification. This book is the first systematic attempt to bring together these formalisms for anyone starting in the field of CPS who seeks solid modelling foundations and a comprehensive introduction to the distinct existing techniques that are multi-paradigmatic. Though chiefly intended for master and post-graduate level students in computer science and engineering, it can also be used as a reference text for practitioners

    Computer Science & Technology Series : XVI Argentine Congress of Computer Science - Selected papers

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    CACIC’10 was the sixteenth Congress in the CACIC series. It was organized by the School of Computer Science of the University of Moron. The Congress included 10 Workshops with 104 accepted papers, 1 main Conference, 4 invited tutorials, different meetings related with Computer Science Education (Professors, PhD students, Curricula) and an International School with 5 courses. (http://www.cacic2010.edu.ar/). CACIC 2010 was organized following the traditional Congress format, with 10 Workshops covering a diversity of dimensions of Computer Science Research. Each topic was supervised by a committee of three chairs of different Universities. The call for papers attracted a total of 195 submissions. An average of 2.6 review reports were collected for each paper, for a grand total of 507 review reports that involved about 300 different reviewers. A total of 104 full papers were accepted and 20 of them were selected for this book.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

    Modèle et simulateur à grande échelle d'une rétine biologique, avec contrôle de gain

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    The retina is a complex neural structure. The characteristics of retinal processing are reviewed extensively in Part I of this work: It is a very ordered structure, which proceeds to band-pass spatio-temporal enhancements of the incoming light, along different parallel output pathways with distinct spatio-temporal properties. The spike trains emitted by the retina have a complex statistical structure, such that precise spike timings may play a role in the code conveyed by the retina. Several mechanisms of gain control provide a constant adaptation of the retina to luminosity and contrast. The retina model that we have defined and implemented in Part II can account for a good part of this complexity. It can model spatio-temporal band-pass behavior with adjustable filtering scales, with the inclusion of plausible mechanisms of contrast gain control and spike generation. The gain control mechanism proposed in the model provides a good fit to experimental data, and it can induce interesting effects of local renormalization in the output retinal image. Furthermore, a mathematical analysis confirms that the gain control behaves well under simple sinusoidal stimulation. Finally, the simulator /Virtual Retina/ implements the model on a large-scale, so that it can emulate up to around 100,000 cells with a processing speed of about 1/100 real time. It is ready for use in various applications, while including a number of advanced retinal functionalities which are too often overlooked.La rétine est une structure neuronale complexe, qui non seulement capte la lumière incidente au fond de l'oeil, mais procède également à des transformations importantes du signal lumineux. Dans la Partie I de ce travail, nous résumons en détail les caractéristiques fonctionnelles de la rétine des vertébrés: Il s'agit d'une structure très ordonnée, qui réalise un filtrage passe-bande du stimulus visuel, selon différents canaux parallèles d'information aux propriétés spatio-temporelles distinctes. Les trains de potentiels d'action émis par la rétine ont également une structure statistique complexe, susceptible de véhiculer une information importante. De nombreux mécanismes de contrôle de gain permettent une adaptation constante à la luminosité et au contraste. Le modèle de rétine défini et implémenté dans la Partie II de ce travail prend en compte une part importante de cette complexité. Il reproduit le comportement passe-bande, à l'aide de filtres linéaires spatio-temporels appropriés. Des mécanismes non-linéaires d'adaptation au contraste et de génération de potentiels d'action sont également inclus. Le mécanisme de contrôle du gain au contraste proposé permet une bonne reproduction des données expérimentales, et peut également véhiculer d'importants effets d'égalisation spatiale des contrastes en sortie de rétine. De plus, une analyse mathématique confirme que notre mécanisme a le comportement escompté en réponse à une stimulation sinusoïdale. Enfin, le simulateur /Virtual Retina/ implémente le modèle à grande échelle, permettant la simulation d'environ 100 000 cellules en un temps raisonnable (100 fois le temps réel)
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