Asymptotical behaviour of roots of infinite Coxeter groups

Let W be an infinite Coxeter group. We initiate the study of the set E of limit points of "normalized" positive roots (representing the directions of the roots) of W. We show that E is contained in the isotropic cone of the bilinear form B associated to a geometric representation, and illustrate this property with numerous examples and pictures in rank 3 and 4. We also define a natural geometric action of W on E, and then we exhibit a countable subset of E, formed by limit points for the dihedral reflection subgroups of W. We explain that this subset is built from the intersection with Q of the lines passing through two positive roots, and finally we establish that it is dense in E.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures. Version 2: 29 pages, 11 figures. Reorganisation of the paper, addition of many details (section 5 in particular). Version 3 : revised edition accepted in Journal of the CMS. The number "I" was removed from the title since number "II" paper was named differently, see http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.671

Unitary reflection groups for quantum fault tolerance

This paper explores the representation of quantum computing in terms of unitary reflections (unitary transformations that leave invariant a hyperplane of a vector space). The symmetries of qubit systems are found to be supported by Euclidean real reflections (i.e., Coxeter groups) or by specific imprimitive reflection groups, introduced (but not named) in a recent paper [Planat M and Jorrand Ph 2008, {\it J Phys A: Math Theor} {\bf 41}, 182001]. The automorphisms of multiple qubit systems are found to relate to some Clifford operations once the corresponding group of reflections is identified. For a short list, one may point out the Coxeter systems of type $B_3$ and $G_2$ (for single qubits), $D_5$ and $A_4$ (for two qubits), $E_7$ and $E_6$ (for three qubits), the complex reflection groups $G(2^l,2,5)$ and groups No 9 and 31 in the Shephard-Todd list. The relevant fault tolerant subsets of the Clifford groups (the Bell groups) are generated by the Hadamard gate, the $\pi/4$ phase gate and an entangling (braid) gate [Kauffman L H and Lomonaco S J 2004 {\it New J. of Phys.} {\bf 6}, 134]. Links to the topological view of quantum computing, the lattice approach and the geometry of smooth cubic surfaces are discussed.Comment: new version for the Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, focused on "Technology Trends and Theory of Nanoscale Devices for Quantum Applications

Semidirect product decomposition of Coxeter groups

Let $(W,S)$ be a Coxeter system, let $S=I \dot{\cup} J$ be a partition of $S$ such that no element of $I$ is conjugate to an element of $J$, let $\widetilde{J}$ be the set of $W_I$-conjugates of elements of $J$ and let $\widetilde{W}$ be the subgroup of $W$ generated by $\widetilde{J}$. We show that $W=\widetilde{W} \rtimes W_I$ and that $(\widetilde{W},\widetilde{J})$ is a Coxeter system.Comment: 28 pages, one table. We have added some comments on parabolic subgroups, double cosets representatives, finite and affine Weyl groups, invariant theory, Solomon descent algebr

Coxeter Complexes and Graph-Associahedra

Given a graph G, we construct a simple, convex polytope whose face poset is based on the connected subgraphs of G. This provides a natural generalization of the Stasheff associahedron and the Bott-Taubes cyclohedron. Moreover, we show that for any simplicial Coxeter system, the minimal blow-ups of its associated Coxeter complex has a tiling by graph-associahedra. The geometric and combinatorial properties of the complex as well as of the polyhedra are given. These spaces are natural generalizations of the Deligne-Knudsen-Mumford compactification of the real moduli space of curves.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures; revised content and reference