1,475 research outputs found

    Theoretical results of research on spatial and territorial development (with examples on the european north of Russia)

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    This article focuses primarily on the correlation between the concepts of “spatial” and “territorial” development. It is shown that, while differing in their content, these concepts substantially complement each other when it comes to specific research studies. In this case, the topic of spatial development includes considering the general areas for the location of productive forces, geographic dimension of the specific types of economic activities, economic measurement of distances, linear communications and a network structure of the economy while. In the topic of territorial development, the author introduces the territory itself as a natural and economic capital and territorial economic management based on such capital. The study of spatial and territorial aspects of socio-economic development in the European North of Russia (ENR) showed that its immediate future is associated not so much with the large projects aimed at creating new fuel and energy, mineral and raw material, or forestry bases, as with the improvement in the existing economic systems based on scientific and technological progress and interregional integration. The progression from developed territories to new Arctic and Northern locations is associated with tremendous costs and requires time for scientific and technical preparation. The modernization of existing production facilities, territorial and production complexes is a priority in the development of productive forces in ENR. The author proposes to apply the theoretical provisions and practical recommendations formulated as a result of studying the spatial and territorial development in the elaboration of government strategic planning documents. Currently, the practice of strategic planning does not fully consider the substance of such concepts as “spatial development” and “territorial development.” This incompleteness is so significant that overcoming it should be considered as one of the key objectives pursued by the regional policy

    The countryside in urbanized Flanders: towards a flexible definition for a dynamic policy

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    The countryside, the rural area, the open space, … many definitions are used for rural Flanders. Everyone makes its own interpretation of the countryside, considering it as a place for living, working or recreating. The countryside is more than just a geographical area: it is an aggregate of physical, social, economic and cultural functions, strongly interrelated with each other. According to international and European definitions of rural areas there would be almost no rural area in Flanders. These international definitions are all developed to be used for analysis and policy within their specific context. They are not really applicable to Flanders because of the historical specificity of its spatial structure. Flanders is characterized by a giant urbanization pressure on its countryside while internationally rural depopulation is a point of interest. To date, for every single rural policy initiative – like the implementation of the European Rural Development Policy – Flanders used a specifically adapted definition, based on existing data or previously made delineations. To overcome this oversupply of definitions and delineations, the Flemish government funded a research project to obtain a clear and flexible definition of the Flemish countryside and a dynamic method to support Flemish rural policy aims. First, an analysis of the currently used definitions of the countryside in Flanders was made. It is clear that, depending on the perspective or the policy context, another definition of the countryside comes into view. The comparative study showed that, according to the used criteria, the area percentage of Flanders that is rural, varies between 9 and 93 per cent. Second, dynamic sets of criteria were developed, facilitating a flexible definition of the countryside, according to the policy aims concerned. This research part was focused on 6 policy themes, like ‘construction, maintenance and management of local (transport) infrastructures’ and ‘provision of (minimum) services (education, culture, health care, …)’. For each theme a dynamic set of criteria or indicators was constructed. These indicators make it possible to show where a policy theme manifests itself and/or where policy interventions are possible or needed. In this way every set of criteria makes up a new definition of rural Flanders. This method is dynamic; new data or insights can easily be incorporated and new criteria sets can be developed if other policy aims come into view. The developed method can contribute to a more region-oriented and theme-specific rural policy and funding mechanism

    Macroeconomic modelling for policy analysis

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    Over the last 30 years, the Inforum approach to macro modelling has been shared by economists worldwide. Researchers have focussed much of their efforts to developing a linked system of international interindustry models with a consistent methodology. A world-wide network of research associates use the same methods and software obtaining comparable results. The XXth Inforum World Conference was held in Florence in September 2012 and this book contains a selection of papers presented during that Conference. All these contributions are aimed at policymakers, stakeholders, and applied economists. Some papers are devoted to specific topics (total factor productivity, energy issues, external linkages, demographic changes) and some others are oriented to macro model building and simulations

    The SUSTRUS model: a CGE model on regional level for sustainability policies in Russia

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    The present paper describes the construction and first empirical application of the SUSTRUS model (the name of the model refers to “Sustainable Russiaâ€). This model will be the main result of the same-named EU funded project. The SUSTRUS model belongs to the group of regional CGE models, applied to analyze policies with a strong social, economic and environmental dimension. The SUSTRUS model can be used to assist policy makers in their choice of medium and long-term sustainability policies, for the implementation of the EU strategy for sustainable development in Russia as well as an efficient incorporation of the sustainability goals into the existing Russian policy tools on regional and federal levels. The SUSRUS model is constructed as a regional model on federal level, where regions are linked by interregional trade flows, a federal government level and migration. This paper will relate on the calibration of the database for the model and the addition of innovative elements in the model, necessary to model the link between the environmental, social, economic and international modules. The main data sources for the model are the public databases of Rosstat and the micro-level household data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS). Calibration of the model database was performed by a flexible cross-entropy minimization sub model and standard applied general equilibrium techniques. The general structure of the model will be discussed, focusing on the innovative features of the model and the link between the environmental and economic modules. The application of the model will be shown by a simulation exercise and a presentation of the main results.

    The determinants of the recent interregional migration flows in Italy: A panel data analysis

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    The present study investigates the determinants of interregional migration flows in Italy in the light of the upsurge occurred in 1996, after two decades of decreasing internal migration rates. We apply the fixed effect vector decomposition estimator (FEVD) on a gravity model using bilateral migration flows for the period 1996-2005 and show that it improves the estimates with respect to the traditional panel data estimators. We find that omitting distance and in presence of rarely time invariant covariates (e.g., population and income) the standard panel data models significantly bias the estimates. The overall economic level and the probability to find a job (proxied by per capita GDP and unemployment rate) appear to be the key variables whose changes are able to push flows of migrants away from their regions and to direct them to “better off” destinations. We find that migrants leaving the regions in the Centre-North respond differently to the push and pull forces with respect to southern migrants. We then estimate a dynamic model and find evidence for the presence of social networks which in our model take place between each pair of regions.Interregional migration, gravity model, panel data, FEVD.

    Modeling and analyzing the Russian fuel and energy production and consumption in interaction with its national and regional economies

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    This paper discusses issues of a system energy modeling and the approaches to modeling and studies carried out in this field and by the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science. The SONAR-Energy project, being developing by the Institute, includes several models of the national and regional energy systems of Russia, including those from macrolevels to models of large energy units. A central model (OMMM-Energy) belongs to the category of MRIO models, though it has its own features. A modern version includes 6 regions of Russia and 45 sectors of the national economy. It is applied to predict the development of the energy sector of Russia within its national economy and to assess efficiency of large energy projects implementation. A final part of the paper discusses what consequences the displacement of Russian coal and gas from European markets would bring to the economy of the country

    Ulaştırma Yatırımlarının Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Makro, Mikro ve Bölgesel Düzeydeki Etkileri: Mekansal hesaplanabilir genel denge modeli kapsamında

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    thesis (M.A) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2018Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2018This thesis develops a framework for economic analysis of highway projects in Turkey, estimating the economic effects of these projects on regional welfare and economic growth. The framework integrates a transport model with a multiregional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The CGE model is developed for eight sectors of eight macro regions plus three biggest cities, namely Istanbul Area, Ankara Area and Izmir Area. Three counterfactual experiments are developed based on decreases in transportation margins due to a 'distance shortening'. All simulation results show that highway investment program improves welfare for all regions but in different levels according to scenarios.Bu tez Türkiye'deki farklı otoyol projelerinin bölgesel refah ve büyüme üzerine etkilerinin bölgesel düzeydeki tahmini için gerekli ekonomik analiz çerçevesi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçeve kapsamında çok bölgeli Hesaplanabilir Genel Denge (HGD) modeli ile ulaştırma modeli entegre edilmektedir. Tez kapsamında oluşturulan HGD modeli 3 büyük kentimiz ve 8 toplulaştırılmış bölge olmak üzere toplamda 11 bölge için 8 farklı sektör için geliştirilmiştir. Ulaşımdaki mesafeler vasıtasıyla ulaştırma marjlarındaki düşüşü 3 farklı senaryo kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Tüm senaryo çıktıları göstermektedir ki otoyol yatırımları, senaryoya göre farklı bölgelerde farklı seviyede olmakla beraber, tüm bölgelerde refahı arttırmaktadır.M.AYüksek Lisan

    Internal Migration Across Italian regions: Macroeconomic Determinants and Accommodating Potential for a Dualistic Economy

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    We provide econometric evidence that relative per capita GDP and relative unemployment rates are the main determinants of migration flows across Italian regions from 1970 to 2002. The empirical analysis is based on an accurate study of the dynamic properties of the series. In fact, we deal with the issues of non-stationarity and cointegration and estimate an error correction model in which both the short- and long-run dynamics are modelled at once. The regional unemployment rate is robustly inversely related with net regional migration rate, while per capita GDP is strongly positively linked with it. As far as the accommodating potential of internal migration to regional unbalances, we have detected very little room for such a role. Indeed, the degree of labour mobility across Italian regions cannot be active as an effective equilibrating mechanism.Italy, Labour Migration, Internal Migration, Income Differences, Panel Cointegration

    Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West

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    This study examines the features, limitations and development prospects of three Russian territories bordering the Baltic Sea - St. Petersburg, and the Leningrad, and Kaliningrad region - amid the sharply heightened confrontation between Russia and the West, which has affected the Baltic region. The time frame spanning from 2014 to 2023 was chosen for the study. This period encompasses the sanctions imposed by Western countries and their associations, primarily the EU, in response to the return of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia, and extends up to the present day, when the relations between Russia and the West, as many experts and politicians have emphasised, have reached a critical point and may require substantial changes in the global order, including at macro-regional levels, for a return to what was once considered 'bbusiness as usual'. The study examines the development level and dynamics in the three regions, alongside their economic security. Another focus is on foreign policy and a geopolitical typology of the Baltic region states. The article investigates the impact of a changed geopolitical landscape on cross-border cooperation, the restructuring of foreign trade relations in Russia's three Baltic regions, and the geopolitical and military factors influencing the development and security of these territories. Based on the findings, several suggestions are provided to promote the ongoing growth of Russia's Baltic regions and enhance their economic and military security
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