467 research outputs found

    Mapping the Path to a Health Data Marketplace in Norway: An Exploratory Case Study

    Get PDF
    This Master's thesis explores the complex dynamics of health data in the digital age, focusing on its secure and efficient management and ethical considerations. It investigates the potential of implementing a Health Data Marketplace (HDM) in the Norwegian e-health sector, aiming to construct a seamless health data exchange platform. This study proposes the integration of an existing health data gateway, the Egde Health Gateway (EHG), with the HDM. The research offers an in-depth analysis of existing limitations in health data exchange systems in Norway. It addresses current research gaps in Data Marketplace, Business Models, Gateways, and the Norwegian e-health context. Guided by two central research questions, this thesis delves into identifying essential components required to successfully implement an HDM in Norway and how this marketplace could be established using an existing data platform. Significantly, the thesis underscores the pivotal role of primary stakeholders in the HDM - Platform Operators, Platform Users, and Legal Authorities. The exploration reveals that Platform Operators are vital influencers, fostering collaboration and innovation within the ecosystem, while Platform Users and Legal Authorities ensure the marketplace's innovative and compliance aspects. Additionally, this study identifies essential components for successfully integrating an HDM into an existing health data platform, including Data Standardization, Interoperability, Integration, Security, Trust, and Legal Frameworks, among others. The thesis marks a significant step towards realizing an HDM in the Norwegian e-health sector. It invites future research to broaden stakeholder perspectives, examine economic aspects of the HDM, and delve into ethical considerations and technological innovations. The findings from this exploration serve as a catalyst for leveraging health data effectively, securely, and ethically, contributing to improved healthcare outcomes, research, and innovation in Norway and beyond

    Managing healthcare transformation towards P5 medicine (Published in Frontiers in Medicine)

    Get PDF
    Health and social care systems around the world are facing radical organizational, methodological and technological paradigm changes to meet the requirements for improving quality and safety of care as well as efficiency and efficacy of care processes. In this they’re trying to manage the challenges of ongoing demographic changes towards aging, multi-diseased societies, development of human resources, a health and social services consumerism, medical and biomedical progress, and exploding costs for health-related R&D as well as health services delivery. Furthermore, they intend to achieve sustainability of global health systems by transforming them towards intelligent, adaptive and proactive systems focusing on health and wellness with optimized quality and safety outcomes. The outcome is a transformed health and wellness ecosystem combining the approaches of translational medicine, 5P medicine (personalized, preventive, predictive, participative precision medicine) and digital health towards ubiquitous personalized health services realized independent of time and location. It considers individual health status, conditions, genetic and genomic dispositions in personal social, occupational, environmental and behavioural context, thus turning health and social care from reactive to proactive. This requires the advancement communication and cooperation among the business actors from different domains (disciplines) with different methodologies, terminologies/ontologies, education, skills and experiences from data level (data sharing) to concept/knowledge level (knowledge sharing). The challenge here is the understanding and the formal as well as consistent representation of the world of sciences and practices, i.e. of multidisciplinary and dynamic systems in variable context, for enabling mapping between the different disciplines, methodologies, perspectives, intentions, languages, etc. Based on a framework for dynamically, use-case-specifically and context aware representing multi-domain ecosystems including their development process, systems, models and artefacts can be consistently represented, harmonized and integrated. The response to that problem is the formal representation of health and social care ecosystems through an system-oriented, architecture-centric, ontology-based and policy-driven model and framework, addressing all domains and development process views contributing to the system and context in question. Accordingly, this Research Topic would like to address this change towards 5P medicine. Specifically, areas of interest include, but are not limited: • A multidisciplinary approach to the transformation of health and social systems • Success factors for sustainable P5 ecosystems • AI and robotics in transformed health ecosystems • Transformed health ecosystems challenges for security, privacy and trust • Modelling digital health systems • Ethical challenges of personalized digital health • Knowledge representation and management of transformed health ecosystems Table of Contents: 04 Editorial: Managing healthcare transformation towards P5 medicine Bernd Blobel and Dipak Kalra 06 Transformation of Health and Social Care Systems—An Interdisciplinary Approach Toward a Foundational Architecture Bernd Blobel, Frank Oemig, Pekka Ruotsalainen and Diego M. Lopez 26 Transformed Health Ecosystems—Challenges for Security, Privacy, and Trust Pekka Ruotsalainen and Bernd Blobel 36 Success Factors for Scaling Up the Adoption of Digital Therapeutics Towards the Realization of P5 Medicine Alexandra Prodan, Lucas Deimel, Johannes Ahlqvist, Strahil Birov, Rainer Thiel, Meeri Toivanen, Zoi Kolitsi and Dipak Kalra 49 EU-Funded Telemedicine Projects – Assessment of, and Lessons Learned From, in the Light of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Laura Paleari, Virginia Malini, Gabriella Paoli, Stefano Scillieri, Claudia Bighin, Bernd Blobel and Mauro Giacomini 60 A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Transformed Health Ecosystems Kerstin Denecke and Claude R. Baudoin 73 Modeling digital health systems to foster interoperability Frank Oemig and Bernd Blobel 89 Challenges and solutions for transforming health ecosystems in low- and middle-income countries through artificial intelligence Diego M. López, Carolina Rico-Olarte, Bernd Blobel and Carol Hullin 111 Linguistic and ontological challenges of multiple domains contributing to transformed health ecosystems Markus Kreuzthaler, Mathias Brochhausen, Cilia Zayas, Bernd Blobel and Stefan Schulz 126 The ethical challenges of personalized digital health Els Maeckelberghe, Kinga Zdunek, Sara Marceglia, Bobbie Farsides and Michael Rigb

    Mapping the Path to a Health Data Marketplace in Norway: An Exploratory Case Study

    Get PDF
    This Master's thesis explores the complex dynamics of health data in the digital age, focusing on its secure and efficient management and ethical considerations. It investigates the potential of implementing a Health Data Marketplace (HDM) in the Norwegian e-health sector, aiming to construct a seamless health data exchange platform. This study proposes the integration of an existing health data gateway, the Egde Health Gateway (EHG), with the HDM. The research offers an in-depth analysis of existing limitations in health data exchange systems in Norway. It addresses current research gaps in Data Marketplace, Business Models, Gateways, and the Norwegian e-health context. Guided by two central research questions, this thesis delves into identifying essential components required to successfully implement an HDM in Norway and how this marketplace could be established using an existing data platform. Significantly, the thesis underscores the pivotal role of primary stakeholders in the HDM - Platform Operators, Platform Users, and Legal Authorities. The exploration reveals that Platform Operators are vital influencers, fostering collaboration and innovation within the ecosystem, while Platform Users and Legal Authorities ensure the marketplace's innovative and compliance aspects. Additionally, this study identifies essential components for successfully integrating an HDM into an existing health data platform, including Data Standardization, Interoperability, Integration, Security, Trust, and Legal Frameworks, among others. The thesis marks a significant step towards realizing an HDM in the Norwegian e-health sector. It invites future research to broaden stakeholder perspectives, examine economic aspects of the HDM, and delve into ethical considerations and technological innovations. The findings from this exploration serve as a catalyst for leveraging health data effectively, securely, and ethically, contributing to improved healthcare outcomes, research, and innovation in Norway and beyon

    Promotion of a market for hourly energy certificates

    Get PDF
    GHG emissions play a key role in the escalating extreme weather crisis. Commercial and industrial sectors consume almost two-thirds of global end-use electricity; therefore, they have played and will continue to play an important role in driving clean energy in the near term, particularly renewables. Electricity lies at the heart of these global challenges. It is both a significant source of global carbon emissions and is also key to decarbonizing large sectors of the economy, including buildings, transport, and industry. Access to affordable and clean electricity is also essential for economic growth, quality healthcare and education, and many other development goals. To achieve net-zero emissions across the global economy by 2050, electricity must decarbonize even faster, while becoming the core of a just and accessible energy system. Carbon Neutral is where organizations offset their emissions by purchasing carbon offsets intended to reduce or prevent global emissions. 100% Renewable Energy is where organizations purchase renewable energy to match their annual electricity use. 24/7 RE (Renewable Energy) means that rather than emitting and compensating, organizations don’t emit in the first place. Every kilowatt-hour of electricity consumption is met with renewable energy electricity sources. It means reneweble energy for all. The thesis evaluates two main needs for reaching 24/7 for all: metering production and consumption data access and a granular certificate scheme. In addition, a business case for a granular certificate issuer is presented in order to show the opportunities and challenges that these entities will have with the coming 24/7 renewable energy approach. For metering data access, the thesis shows that although Europe is at the forefront of the process, only 3 countries out of the 18 analysed meet all the criteria required to allow consumers and their partners easy and cost-efficient access to relevant, granular metering data. 8 of these countries present some kind of obstacle, 7 do not have a system in place, although data is available in some way, and 1 has no smart rollout plan in place at all. Guarantees of origin schemes analysed shows that systems are not customer centred, in most of the countries it is not possible to assign the GO certificate to a specific consumption point and the process of getting information about cancelled GOs for corporate consumers is tedious and time-consuming. With the identified barriers, in both, metering data exchange infrastructures and guarantees of origin systems, a proposed system have been developed, which links metering data exchange infrastructures with the certification scheme, by providing metering consumption and production data with hourly granularity to support the 24/7 matching of renewable energy. Finally, in the business case proposed, it can be observed that being a granular certificate issuer, a 1.3 M revenue can be obtained in the first year, only with the Spanish market. Then, after 5 years, by also targeting Netherlands and Denmark, a 3.24 M revenue can be obtained. Several business opportunities appear, in addition to the business of being a granular certificate issue

    The Dilemma of Security Smells and How to Escape It

    Get PDF
    A single mobile app can now be more complex than entire operating systems ten years ago, thus security becomes a major concern for mobile apps. Unfortunately, previous studies focused rather on particular aspects of mobile application security and did not provide a holistic overview of security issues. Therefore, they could not accurately understand the fundamental flaws to propose effective solutions to common security problems. In order to understand these fundamental flaws, we followed a hybrid strategy, i.e., we collected reported issues from existing work, and we actively identified security-related code patterns that violate best practices in software development. We further introduced the term ``security smell,'' i.e., a security issue that could potentially lead to a vulnerability. As a result, we were able to establish comprehensive security smell catalogues for Android apps and related components, i.e., inter-component communication, web communication, app servers, and HTTP clients. Furthermore, we could identify a dilemma of security smells, because most security smells require unique fixes that increase the code complexity, which in return increases the risk of introducing more security smells. With this knowledge, we investigate the interaction of our security smells with the 192 Mitre CAPEC attack mechanism categories of which the majority could be mitigated with just a few additional security measures. These measures, a String class with behavior and the more thorough use of secure default values and paradigms, would simplify the application logic and at the same time largely increase security if implemented appropriately. We conclude that application security has to focus on the String class, which has not largely changed over the last years, and secure default values and paradigms since they are the smallest common denominator for a strong foundation to build resilient applications. Moreover, we provide an initial implementation for a String class with behavior, however the further exploration remains future work. Finally, the term ``security smell'' is now widely used in academia and eases the communication among security researchers

    The Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (DGO2022) Intelligent Technologies, Governments and Citizens June 15-17, 2022

    Get PDF
    The 23rd Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research theme is “Intelligent Technologies, Governments and Citizens”. Data and computational algorithms make systems smarter, but should result in smarter government and citizens. Intelligence and smartness affect all kinds of public values - such as fairness, inclusion, equity, transparency, privacy, security, trust, etc., and is not well-understood. These technologies provide immense opportunities and should be used in the light of public values. Society and technology co-evolve and we are looking for new ways to balance between them. Specifically, the conference aims to advance research and practice in this field. The keynotes, presentations, posters and workshops show that the conference theme is very well-chosen and more actual than ever. The challenges posed by new technology have underscored the need to grasp the potential. Digital government brings into focus the realization of public values to improve our society at all levels of government. The conference again shows the importance of the digital government society, which brings together scholars in this field. Dg.o 2022 is fully online and enables to connect to scholars and practitioners around the globe and facilitate global conversations and exchanges via the use of digital technologies. This conference is primarily a live conference for full engagement, keynotes, presentations of research papers, workshops, panels and posters and provides engaging exchange throughout the entire duration of the conference

    European Interoperability Landscape Report 2022

    Get PDF
    The delivery of cross-border digital public services largely depends on the ability of public administrations and businesses to transfer data across borders. Therefore, access to trusted, interoperable, and secure data-exchange solutions is essential for delivering cross-border services but is also crucial for establishing the Single Digital Gateway (SDG) and building a functioning European Digital Single Market (DSM). Numerous projects, alliances, and partnerships have been implemented to explore and develop different solutions that would support the creation of an interoperable future for Europe. Thus far, a clear understanding of cross-border data exchange initiatives is lacking, especially regarding roles, specifications, interdependencies, and technological differences between initiatives. This study report aims to start mapping European cross-border data-exchange solutions and initiatives, analyse the status of adoption, and investigate different aspects of these initiatives pertaining to legal, commercial, and technical specifications. Also, the report discusses the future outlook of European cross-border digital public services. Findings from this study could provide valuable insights for policymakers, solution owners, and service providers as it informs them about the interoperability, extensibility, and sustainability of European cross-border data exchange initiatives and project

    e-Invoicing: Faturas em tempo real

    Get PDF
    Atualmente, vários países perdem milhões em receitas devido à fraude e evasão fiscal. Esta perda é contabilizada pela diferença entre as receitas de impostos esperadas e as receitas efetivamente recolhidas. Para além disso, estima-se que a maioria das faturas emitidas a nível mundial ainda são processadas manualmente e que existem geografias onde a faturação ainda não é uma realidade. A transformação digital e automatização dos processos de faturação tornaram-se uma solução eficaz para estes problemas e surgiram alguns standards de dados que facilitam a comunicação de faturas às entidades responsáveis pelo controlo fiscal. Muitos países já os adotam, mas cada um deles introduz pequenas alterações consoante a sua jurisdição. Existe assim oportunidade para uma organização que possua um sistema que agilize a adoção da fatura eletrónica, ou que se posicione como implementador deste tipo de sistemas, respondendo aos requisitos particulares de cada país. Deste contexto, surgiu o produto SAFTPRO, que possibilita o intercâmbio de dados e viabiliza a operacionalização de um processo de controlo eletrónico das transações comerciais efetuadas num qualquer país. Porém, não suporta a comunicação direta das faturas emitidas, sendo estas registadas posteriormente no sistema. Pretende-se assim desenvolver um módulo adicional no produto SAFTPRO que per- mita a submissão, validação e certificação de elementos de faturas, com a possibilidade para se adequar às especificidades introduzidas por cada país, sem ter de reconstruir o produto. A implementação deste tipo de sistema visa a substituição da fatura em papel, o que traz grandes vantagens na agilização e transparência das relações entre Empresas, Clientes, Fornecedores e Autoridades Tributárias.Currently, some countries are losing millions in revenue due to tax evasion and fraud. This loss is established by the difference between the expected tax revenue and the rev- enue actually collected. In addition, it is estimated that most invoices issued worldwide are still processed manually and in some geographies invoicing is not yet a reality. The digital transformation and automation of billing processes became an effective solution to these problems and some data standards have emerged to facilitate the commu- nication of invoices to the entities responsible for fiscal control. Many countries already adopt them, but each of them introduces small changes depending on their jurisdiction. Therefore, exists an opportunity for an organization that has a system that stream- lines the adoption of electronic invoices, or that positions itself as an implementer of this type of system, responding to the particular requirements of each country. From this context, the SAFTPRO product arises, which enables the exchange of data and the operationalization of an electronic control process for commercial transactions carried out in any country. However, it does not support the direct communication of invoices issued. These need to be subsequently registered in the system. Consequently, what is intended to develop is an additional module in the SAFTPRO product that allows the submission, validation and certification of invoice elements, with the possibility to adapt to the specificities introduced by each country and with scalability to adapt to different volume contexts, without having to rebuild the whole product from scratch. The implementation of this type of system aims to replace paper invoicing, which brings great advantages in the speed and transparency of the relations between Compa- nies, Customers, Suppliers and Tax Authorities
    corecore