69,735 research outputs found
Intraday forecasts of a volatility index: Functional time series methods with dynamic updating
As a forward-looking measure of future equity market volatility, the VIX
index has gained immense popularity in recent years to become a key measure of
risk for market analysts and academics. We consider discrete reported intraday
VIX tick values as realisations of a collection of curves observed sequentially
on equally spaced and dense grids over time and utilise functional data
analysis techniques to produce one-day-ahead forecasts of these curves. The
proposed method facilitates the investigation of dynamic changes in the index
over very short time intervals as showcased using the 15-second high-frequency
VIX index values. With the help of dynamic updating techniques, our point and
interval forecasts are shown to enjoy improved accuracy over conventional time
series models.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures, To appear at the Annals of Operations Researc
Modeling and forecasting electricity spot prices: A functional data perspective
Classical time series models have serious difficulties in modeling and
forecasting the enormous fluctuations of electricity spot prices. Markov regime
switch models belong to the most often used models in the electricity
literature. These models try to capture the fluctuations of electricity spot
prices by using different regimes, each with its own mean and covariance
structure. Usually one regime is dedicated to moderate prices and another is
dedicated to high prices. However, these models show poor performance and there
is no theoretical justification for this kind of classification. The merit
order model, the most important micro-economic pricing model for electricity
spot prices, however, suggests a continuum of mean levels with a functional
dependence on electricity demand. We propose a new statistical perspective on
modeling and forecasting electricity spot prices that accounts for the merit
order model. In a first step, the functional relation between electricity spot
prices and electricity demand is modeled by daily price-demand functions. In a
second step, we parameterize the series of daily price-demand functions using a
functional factor model. The power of this new perspective is demonstrated by a
forecast study that compares our functional factor model with two established
classical time series models as well as two alternative functional data models.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS652 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Uncovering predictability in the evolution of the WTI oil futures curve
Accurately forecasting the price of oil, the world's most actively traded
commodity, is of great importance to both academics and practitioners. We
contribute by proposing a functional time series based method to model and
forecast oil futures. Our approach boasts a number of theoretical and practical
advantages including effectively exploiting underlying process dynamics missed
by classical discrete approaches. We evaluate the finite-sample performance
against established benchmarks using a model confidence set test. A realistic
out-of-sample exercise provides strong support for the adoption of our approach
with it residing in the superior set of models in all considered instances.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, to appear in European Financial Managemen
Functional Regression
Functional data analysis (FDA) involves the analysis of data whose ideal
units of observation are functions defined on some continuous domain, and the
observed data consist of a sample of functions taken from some population,
sampled on a discrete grid. Ramsay and Silverman's 1997 textbook sparked the
development of this field, which has accelerated in the past 10 years to become
one of the fastest growing areas of statistics, fueled by the growing number of
applications yielding this type of data. One unique characteristic of FDA is
the need to combine information both across and within functions, which Ramsay
and Silverman called replication and regularization, respectively. This article
will focus on functional regression, the area of FDA that has received the most
attention in applications and methodological development. First will be an
introduction to basis functions, key building blocks for regularization in
functional regression methods, followed by an overview of functional regression
methods, split into three types: [1] functional predictor regression
(scalar-on-function), [2] functional response regression (function-on-scalar)
and [3] function-on-function regression. For each, the role of replication and
regularization will be discussed and the methodological development described
in a roughly chronological manner, at times deviating from the historical
timeline to group together similar methods. The primary focus is on modeling
and methodology, highlighting the modeling structures that have been developed
and the various regularization approaches employed. At the end is a brief
discussion describing potential areas of future development in this field
The Mathematical description of lactation curves in dairy cattle
This review gives an overview of the mathematical modelling of lactation curves in dairy cattle. Over the last ninety years, the development of this field of study has followed the main requirements of the dairy cattle industry. Non-linear parametric functions have represented the preferred tools for modelling average curves of homogeneous groups of animals, with the main aim of predicting yields for management purposes. The increased availability of records per individual lactations and the genetic evaluation based on test day records has shifted the interest of modellers towards more flexible and general linear functions, as polynomials or splines. Thus the main interest of modelling is no longer the reconstruction of the general pattern of the phenomenon but the fitting of individual deviations from an average curve. Other specific approaches based on the modelling of the correlation structure of test day records within lactation, such as mixed linear models or principal component analysis, have been used to test the statistical significance of fixed effects in dairy experiments or to create new variables expressing main lactation curve traits. The adequacy of a model is not an absolute requisite, because it has to be assessed according to the specific purpose it is used for. Occurrence of extended lactations and of new productive and functional traits to be described and the increase of records coming from automatic milking systems likely will represent some of the future challenges for the mathematical modelling of the lactation curve in dairy cattle
Pathway-Based Genomics Prediction using Generalized Elastic Net.
We present a novel regularization scheme called The Generalized Elastic Net (GELnet) that incorporates gene pathway information into feature selection. The proposed formulation is applicable to a wide variety of problems in which the interpretation of predictive features using known molecular interactions is desired. The method naturally steers solutions toward sets of mechanistically interlinked genes. Using experiments on synthetic data, we demonstrate that pathway-guided results maintain, and often improve, the accuracy of predictors even in cases where the full gene network is unknown. We apply the method to predict the drug response of breast cancer cell lines. GELnet is able to reveal genetic determinants of sensitivity and resistance for several compounds. In particular, for an EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, it finds a possible trans-differentiation resistance mechanism missed by the corresponding pathway agnostic approach
An intertemporally-consistent and arbitrage-free version of the Nelson and Siegel class of yield curve models
This article derives a generic, intertemporally-consistent, and arbitrage-free version of the popular class of yield curve models originally introduced by Nelson and Siegel (1987). The derived model has a theoretical foundation (conferred via the Heath, Jarrow and Morton (1992) framework) that allows it to be used in applications that involve an implicit or explicit time-series context. As an example of the potentialapplication of the model, the intertemporal consistency is exploited to derive a theoretical time-series process that may be used to forecast the yield curve. The empirical application of the forecasting framework to United States data results in out-of-sample forecasts that outperform the random walk over a sample period of almost 50 years, for forecast horizons ranging from six months to three years
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