Flow boiling heat transfer of a non-azeotropic mixture inside a single microchannel

This paper was presented at the 4th Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), which was held at University College, London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute, ASME Press, LCN London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL University College London, UCL Engineering, the International NanoScience Community, www.nanopaprika.eu.This study moves from the need to study flow boiling of zeotropic mixture in microchannels. In the recent years much attention has been paid to the possible use of fluorinated propene isomers for the substitution of high-GWP refrigerants. The available HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins) cannot cover all the air-conditioning, heat pump, and refrigeration systems when used as pure fluids because their thermodynamic properties are not suitable for all operating conditions and therefore some solutions may be found using blends of refrigerants, to satisfy the demand for a wide range of working conditions. In the present paper a mixture of R1234ze(E) and R32 (0.5/0.5 by mass) has been studied. The local heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling of this mixture in a single microchannel with 0.96 mm diameter is measured at a pressure of 14 bar, which corresponds to a bubble temperature of 26.3°C. The flow boiling data taken in the present test section are discussed, with particular regard to the effect of heat flux, mass velocity and vapor quality. The heat transfer coefficients are compared against some predicting models available in the literature. Furthermore, the new experimental data are compared to flow boiling data of pure R1234ze(E) and pure R32 to analyze the heat transfer penalization due to the mass transfer resistance of this zeotropic mixture

GENIUS - A New Underground Observatory for Non-Accelerator Particle Physics

The GENIUS (Germanium in Liquid Nitrogen Underground Setup) project has been proposed in 1997 [KK-BEY97] as first third generation double beta decay project, with a sensitivity aiming down to a level of an effective neutrino mass of < 0.01eV or less. Such sensitivity is important to fix the structure of the neutrino mass matrix with high accuracy, which cannot be done by neutrino oscillation experiments alone. GENIUS will allow broad access also to many other topics of physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics at the multi-TeV scale. For search of cold dark matter GENIUS will cover a large part of the parameter space of predictions of SUSY for neutralinos as dark matter [Bed-KK2,Ell,KK-LowNu2]. Finally, GENIUS has the potential to be a real-time detector for low-energy (pp and 7{Be}) solar neutrinos [Bau-KK,KK-LowNu2]. A GENIUS-Test Facility has just been funded and will come into operation by end of 2002.Comment: 5 pages, revtex, 6 figures,Talk was presented at International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2001), Date: September 8 - 12, 2001, Location: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, publ. in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) (2002), eds. A. Bettini et al., Conference Info - Home Page: http://taup2001.lngs.infn.it/lucidi/h1.htm, Home Page of Heidelberg Non-Accelerator Particle Physics Group: http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/non_acc/Talks.htm

New Underground Neutrino Observatory - GENIUS- in the New Millenium : for Solar Neutrinos, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay

Double beta decay is indispensable to solve the question of the neutrino mass matrix together with $\nu$ oscillation experiments. The most sensitive experiment since eight years - the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment in Gran-Sasso - already now, with the experimental limit of < 0.26 eV excludes degenerate $\nu$ mass scenarios allowing neutrinos as hot dark matter in the universe for the small angle MSW solution of the solar neutrino problem. It probes cosmological models including hot dark matter already now on the level of future satellite experiments MAP and PLANCK. It further probes many topics of beyond Standard Model physics at the TeV scale. Future experiments should give access to the multi-TeV range and complement on many ways the search for new physics at future colliders like LHC and NLC. For neutrino physics GENIUS will allow to test almost all neutrino mass scenarios allowed by the present neutrino oscillation experiments. At the same time GENIUS will cover a wide range of the parameter space of predictions of SUSY for neutralinos as cold dark matter. Further it has the potential to be a real-time detector for low-energy (pp and 7Be) solar neutrinos. A GENIUS Test Facility has just been funded and will come into operation by end of 2001.Comment: 16 pages, revtex, 8 figures,, Talk was presented at International Workshop on Low Energy Solar Neutrinos (LowNu2), December 4 and 5, 2000, Tokyo, Japan, to be published in World Scientific (2001) (eds) Y. Suzuki et al., Conference Info - http://www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/neutlowe/2/transparency/index.html, Home Page of Heidelberg Non-Accelerator Particle Physics Group: http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/non_acc

Assuring the model evolution of protocol software specifications by regression testing process improvement

A preliminary version of this paper has been presented at the 10th International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC 2010).Model-based testing helps test engineers automate their testing tasks so that they are more cost-effective. When the model is changed because of the evolution of the specification, it is important to maintain the test suites up to date for regression testing. A complete regeneration of the whole test suite from the new model, although inefficient, is still frequently used in the industry, including Microsoft. To handle specification evolution effectively, we propose a test case reusability analysis technique to identify reusable test cases of the original test suite based on graph analysis. We also develop a test suite augmentation technique to generate new test cases to cover the change-related parts of the new model. The experiment on four large protocol document testing projects shows that our technique can successfully identify a high percentage of reusable test cases and generate low-redundancy new test cases. When compared with a complete regeneration of the whole test suite, our technique significantly reduces regression testing time while maintaining the stability of requirement coverage over the evolution of requirements specifications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

The State of the Art in Constraining Axion-to-Nucleon Coupling and Non-Newtonian Gravity from Laboratory Experiments

Constraints on the Yukawa-type corrections to Newton's gravitational law and on the coupling constant of axionlike particles to nucleons obtained from different laboratory experiments are reviewed and compared. The constraints on non-Newtonian gravity under discussion cover the wide interaction range from nanometers to millimeters and follow from the experiments on neutron scattering, measuring the Casimir force and Cavendish-type experiments. The constraints on the axion-to-nucleon coupling constant following from the magnetometer measurements, Cavendish-type experiments, Casimir physics, and experiments with beams of molecular hydrogen are considered which refer to the region of axion masses from $10^{-10}$ eV to 200 eV. Particular attention is given to the recent constraints obtained from measuring the Casimir force at nanometer separation distance between the test bodies. Several proposed experiments focused on constraining the non-Newtonian gravity, axionlike particles and other hypothetical weakly interacting particles, such as chameleons and symmetrons, are discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures; Special issue "Selected Papers from the 17th Russian Gravitational Conference -- International Conference on Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics (RUSGRAV-17)

Search for Dark Matter by GENIUS-TF and GENIUS

The new project GENIUS will cover a wide range of the parameter space of predictions of SUSY for neutralinos as cold dark matter. Together with DAMA it will be the only experiment which can probe the seasonal modulation signal. Concerning hot dark matter GENIUS will be able to fix the (effective) neutrino mass with high accuracy. A GENIUS Test Facility has just been funded and will come into operation by end of 2002.Comment: 3 pages, revtex, 2 figures, Talk was presented at International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2001), September 8 - 12, 2001, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, publ. in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) (2002), eds. A. Bettini et al., Conference Info - Home Page: http://taup2001.lngs.infn.it/lucidi/b2/b2.pdf, Home Page of Heidlberg Non-Accelerator Particle Physics Group: http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/non_acc/Talks.htm