A review of mobile robots: Concepts, methods, theoretical framework, and applications

[EN] Humanoid robots, unmanned rovers, entertainment pets, drones, and so on are great examples of mobile robots. They can be distinguished from other robots by their ability to move autonomously, with enough intelligence to react and make decisions based on the perception they receive from the environment. Mobile robots must have some source of input data, some way of decoding that input, and a way of taking actions (including its own motion) to respond to a changing world. The need to sense and adapt to an unknown environment requires a powerful cognition system. Nowadays, there are mobile robots that can walk, run, jump, and so on like their biological counterparts. Several fields of robotics have arisen, such as wheeled mobile robots, legged robots, flying robots, robot vision, artificial intelligence, and so on, which involve different technological areas such as mechanics, electronics, and computer science. In this article, the world of mobile robots is explored including the new trends. These new trends are led by artificial intelligence, autonomous driving, network communication, cooperative work, nanorobotics, friendly human-robot interfaces, safe human-robot interaction, and emotion expression and perception. Furthermore, these news trends are applied to different fields such as medicine, health care, sports, ergonomics, industry, distribution of goods, and service robotics. These tendencies will keep going their evolution in the coming years.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, which has funded the DPI2013-44227-R project.Rubio Montoya, FJ.; Valero Chuliá, FJ.; Llopis Albert, C. (2019). A review of mobile robots: Concepts, methods, theoretical framework, and applications. 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Design and Numerical Analysis of Flow Characteristics in a Scaled Volute and Vaned Nozzle of Radial Turbocharger Turbines

[EN] Over the past few decades, the aerodynamic improvements of turbocharger turbines contributed significantly to the overall efficiency augmentation and the advancements in downsizing of internal combustion engines. Due to the compact size of automotive turbochargers, the experimental measurement of the complex internal aerodynamics has been insufficiently studied. Hence, turbine designs mostly rely on the results of numerical simulations and the validation of zero-dimensional parameters as efficiency and reduced mass flow. To push the aerodynamic development even further, a precise validation of three-dimensional flow patterns predicted by applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods is in need. This paper presents the design of an up-scaled volute-stator model, which allows optical experimental measurement techniques. In a preliminary step, numerical results indicate that the enlarged geometry will be representative of the flow patterns and characteristic non-dimensional numbers at defined flow sections of the real size turbine. Limitations due to rotor-stator interactions are highlighted. Measurement sections of interest for available measurement techniques are predefined.The authors disclose receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was partly sponsored by the program "Ayuda a Primeros Proyectos de Investigacion (PAID-06-18), Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Innovacion y Transferencia de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Spain". The support given to Ms. N.H.G. by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia through the "FPI-Subprograma 2" (No.FPI-2018-S2-1368) grant within the "Programa de Apoyo para la Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-01-18)" is gratefully acknowledgedTiseira, A.; Navarro, R.; Inhestern, LB.; Hervás-Gómez, N. (2020). Design and Numerical Analysis of Flow Characteristics in a Scaled Volute and Vaned Nozzle of Radial Turbocharger Turbines. Energies. 13(11):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112930S1191311Praveena, V., & Martin, M. L. J. (2018). A review on various after treatment techniques to reduce NOx emissions in a CI engine. Journal of the Energy Institute, 91(5), 704-720. doi:10.1016/j.joei.2017.05.010Sindhu, R., Amba Prasad Rao, G., & Madhu Murthy, K. (2018). Effective reduction of NOx emissions from diesel engine using split injections. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57(3), 1379-1392. doi:10.1016/j.aej.2017.06.009Gil, A., Tiseira, A. O., García-Cuevas, L. M., Usaquén, T. R., & Mijotte, G. (2018). Fast three-dimensional heat transfer model for computing internal temperatures in the bearing housing of automotive turbochargers. International Journal of Engine Research, 21(8), 1286-1297. doi:10.1177/1468087418804949Suhrmann, J. F., Peitsch, D., Gugau, M., & Heuer, T. (2012). On the Effect of Volute Tongue Design on Radial Turbine Performance. Volume 8: Turbomachinery, Parts A, B, and C. doi:10.1115/gt2012-69525Roumeas, M., & Cros, S. (2012). Aerodynamic Investigation of a Nozzle Clearance Effect on Radial Turbine Performance. Volume 8: Turbomachinery, Parts A, B, and C. doi:10.1115/gt2012-68835Liu, Y., Yang, C., Qi, M., Zhang, H., & Zhao, B. (2014). Shock, Leakage Flow and Wake Interactions in a Radial Turbine With Variable Guide Vanes. Volume 2D: Turbomachinery. doi:10.1115/gt2014-25888Cornolti, L., Onorati, A., Cerri, T., Montenegro, G., & Piscaglia, F. (2013). 1D simulation of a turbocharged Diesel engine with comparison of short and long EGR route solutions. Applied Energy, 111, 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.016Bohbot, J., Chryssakis, C., & Miche, M. (2006). Simulation of a 4-Cylinder Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Using a Direct Temporal Coupling Between a 1D Simulation Software and a 3D Combustion Code. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi:10.4271/2006-01-3263Inhestern, L. B. (s. f.). Measurement, Simulation, and 1D-Modeling of Turbocharger Radial Turbines at Design and Extreme Off-Design Conditions. doi:10.4995/thesis/10251/119989Tamaki, H., & Unno, M. (2008). Study on Flow Fields in Variable Area Nozzles for Radial Turbines. International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems, 1(1), 47-56. doi:10.5293/ijfms.2008.1.1.047Eroglu, H., & Tabakoff, W. (1991). LDV Measurements and Investigation of Flow Field Through Radial Turbine Guide Vanes. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 113(4), 660-667. doi:10.1115/1.2926531Karamanis, N., Martinez-Botas, R. F., & Su, C. C. (2000). Mixed Flow Turbines: Inlet and Exit Flow Under Steady and Pulsating Conditions. Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Turbomachinery; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. doi:10.1115/2000-gt-0470Galindo, J., Tiseira Izaguirre, A. O., García-Cuevas, L. M., & Hervás Gómez, N. (2020). Experimental approach for the analysis of the flow behaviour in the stator of a real centripetal turbine. International Journal of Engine Research, 22(6), 2010-2020. doi:10.1177/1468087420916281Dufour, G., Carbonneau, X., Cazalbou, J.-B., & Chassaing, P. (2006). Practical Use of Similarity and Scaling Laws for Centrifugal Compressor Design. Volume 6: Turbomachinery, Parts A and B. doi:10.1115/gt2006-91227Tancrez, M., Galindo, J., Guardiola, C., Fajardo, P., & Varnier, O. (2011). Turbine adapted maps for turbocharger engine matching. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35(1), 146-153. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2010.07.018Menter, F. R. (1994). Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal, 32(8), 1598-1605. doi:10.2514/3.12149Broatch, A., Galindo, J., Navarro, R., & García-Tíscar, J. (2014). Methodology for experimental validation of a CFD model for predicting noise generation in centrifugal compressors. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 50, 134-144. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2014.06.006Smirnov, P. E., Hansen, T., & Menter, F. R. (2007). Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows in Centrifugal Compressor Stages With Different Radial Gaps. Volume 6: Turbo Expo 2007, Parts A and B. doi:10.1115/gt2007-27376Serrano, J. R., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F. J., Dombrovsky, A., & Smith, L. (2014). Analysis and Methodology to Characterize Heat Transfer Phenomena in Automotive Turbochargers. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 137(2). doi:10.1115/1.4028261Serrano, J. R., Olmeda, P., Arnau, F. J., Dombrovsky, A., & Smith, L. (2015). Turbocharger heat transfer and mechanical losses influence in predicting engines performance by using one-dimensional simulation codes. Energy, 86, 204-218. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.130Serrano, J. R., Tiseira, A., García-Cuevas, L. M., Inhestern, L. B., & Tartoussi, H. (2017). Radial turbine performance measurement under extreme off-design conditions. Energy, 125, 72-84. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.118Serrano, J. R., Gil, A., Navarro, R., & Inhestern, L. B. (2017). Extremely Low Mass Flow at High Blade to Jet Speed Ratio in Variable Geometry Radial Turbines and its Influence on the Flow Pattern: A CFD Analysis. Volume 8: Microturbines, Turbochargers and Small Turbomachines; Steam Turbines. doi:10.1115/gt2017-63368Serrano, J. R., Navarro, R., García-Cuevas, L. M., & Inhestern, L. B. (2019). Contribution to tip leakage loss modeling in radial turbines based on 3D flow analysis and 1D characterization. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 78, 108423. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.108423Choi, M., Baek, J. H., Chung, H. T., Oh, S. H., & Ko, H. Y. (2008). Effects of the low Reynolds number on the loss characteristics in an axial compressor. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 222(2), 209-218. doi:10.1243/09576509jpe520Klausner, E., & Gampe, U. (2014). Evaluation and Enhancement of a One-Dimensional Performance Analysis Method for Centrifugal Compressors. Volume 2D: Turbomachinery. doi:10.1115/gt2014-25141Tiainen, J., Jaatinen-Värri, A., Grönman, A., Turunen-Saaresti, T., & Backman, J. (2018). Effect of FreeStream Velocity Definition on Boundary Layer Thickness and Losses in Centrifugal Compressors. Journal of Turbomachinery, 140(5). doi:10.1115/1.4038872Vinuesa, R., Hosseini, S. M., Hanifi, A., Henningson, D. S., & Schlatter, P. (2017). Pressure-Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layers Developing Around a Wing Section. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 99(3-4), 613-641. doi:10.1007/s10494-017-9840-

Knowledge, Promotional Events, and the Contribution of Clustering to Innovation

This is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published in: “Journal of Promotion Management"; Volume 21, Issue 4, 2015; copyright Taylor & Francis; available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2015.1051407This research provides insight on the mechanisms through which knowledge acquired through promotional events and through spatial co-location simultaneously sustains firm s innovation. Applying the concept of temporary clusters to promotional events, we simultaneously test how internal resources mediating effect and promotional events moderating role affect innovation in clusters. Regression analyses with nonparametric bootstrapping and a large sample of Spanish clusters confirm the synergies derived from the combination of internal resources, local relationships, and complementary foreign events. Although extra-cluster linkages increase this effect, synergies creation requires attendance to international exhibitions or conventions. Valuable implications for practitioners and policy makers are discussed.Belso Martínez, JA.; Mas Verdú, F.; Roig Tierno, H. (2015). Knowledge, Promotional Events, and the Contribution of Clustering to Innovation. Journal of Promotion Management. 21(4):504-515. doi:10.1080/10496491.2015.1051407S504515214Asheim, B. T., & Isaksen, A. (2002). The Journal of Technology Transfer, 27(1), 77-86. doi:10.1023/a:1013100704794Autant-Bernard, C., Billand, P., Frachisse, D., & Massard, N. (2007). Social distance versus spatial distance in R&D cooperation: Empirical evidence from European collaboration choices in micro and nanotechnologies. Papers in Regional Science, 86(3), 495-519. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2007.00132.xBathelt, H., Malmberg, A., & Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31-56. doi:10.1191/0309132504ph469oaBathelt, H., & Schuldt, N. (2008). Between Luminaires and Meat Grinders: International Trade Fairs as Temporary Clusters. Regional Studies, 42(6), 853-868. doi:10.1080/00343400701543298Boschma, R. (2005). Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment. Regional Studies, 39(1), 61-74. doi:10.1080/0034340052000320887Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128. doi:10.2307/2393553Geigenmüller, A. (2010). The role of virtual trade fairs in relationship value creation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 25(4), 284-292. doi:10.1108/08858621011038243Giner, J. M., & María, M. J. S. (2002). ‘Territorial systems of small firms in Spain: an analysis of productive and organizational characteristics in industrial districts’. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 14(3), 211-228. doi:10.1080/08985620210136009Giuliani, E., & Bell, M. (2005). The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation: evidence from a Chilean wine cluster. Research Policy, 34(1), 47-68. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.10.008Hervas-Oliver, J.-L., & Albors-Garrigos, J. (2008). The role of the firm’s internal and relational capabilities in clusters: when distance and embeddedness are not enough to explain innovation. Journal of Economic Geography, 9(2), 263-283. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbn033Lagendijk, A., & Lorentzen, A. (2007). Proximity, Knowledge and Innovation in Peripheral Regions. On the Intersection between Geographical and Organizational Proximity. European Planning Studies, 15(4), 457-466. doi:10.1080/09654310601133260Ling-yee, L. (2006). Relationship learning at trade shows: Its antecedents and consequences. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(2), 166-177. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.03.006Lorentzen, A. (2007). The Geography of Knowledge Sourcing—A Case Study of Polish Manufacturing Enterprises. European Planning Studies, 15(4), 467-486. doi:10.1080/09654310601133252Markusen, A. (1996). Sticky Places in Slippery Space: A Typology of Industrial Districts. Economic Geography, 72(3), 293. doi:10.2307/144402McCann, B. T., & Folta, T. B. (2011). Performance differentials within geographic clusters. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 104-123. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.04.004Palumbo, F., & Herbig, P. A. (2002). Trade Shows and Fairs. Journal of Promotion Management, 8(1), 93-108. doi:10.1300/j057v08n01_09Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185-227. doi:10.1080/00273170701341316Ramírez-Pasillas, M. (2008). Resituating Proximity and Knowledge Cross-fertilization in Clusters by Means of International Trade Fairs. European Planning Studies, 16(5), 643-663. doi:10.1080/09654310802049158Ramírez-Pasillas, M. (2010). International trade fairs as amplifiers of permanent and temporary proximities in clusters. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 22(2), 155-187. doi:10.1080/08985620902815106Rinallo, D., & Golfetto, F. (2011). Exploring the Knowledge Strategies of Temporary Cluster Organizers: A Longitudinal Study of the EU Fabric Industry Trade Shows (1986-2006). Economic Geography, 87(4), 453-476. doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2011.01127.xRychen, F., & Zimmermann, J.-B. (2008). Clusters in the Global Knowledge-based Economy: Knowledge Gatekeepers and Temporary Proximity. Regional Studies, 42(6), 767-776. doi:10.1080/00343400802088300Tafesse, W., & Korneliussen, T. (2012). Managing Trade Show Campaigns: Why Managerial Responsibilities Matter? Journal of Promotion Management, 18(2), 236-253. doi:10.1080/10496491.2012.668434Tanner, J. F., & Chonko, L. B. (2002). Using Trade Shows Throughout the Product Life Cycle. Journal of Promotion Management, 8(1), 109-125. doi:10.1300/j057v08n01_10Torre, A. (2008). On the Role Played by Temporary Geographical Proximity in Knowledge Transmission. Regional Studies, 42(6), 869-889. doi:10.1080/00343400801922814Wolfe, D. A., & Gertler, M. S. (2004). Clusters from the Inside and Out: Local Dynamics and Global Linkages. Urban Studies, 41(5-6), 1071-1093. doi:10.1080/00420980410001675832Wood, E. H. (2009). Evaluating Event Marketing: Experience or Outcome? Journal of Promotion Management, 15(1-2), 247-268. doi:10.1080/1049649090289258

Sustainability and Kaizen: Business Model Trends in Healthcare

[EN] Kaizen, or continuous improvement, is a management tool that allows the identification of activities that have no value in the processes examined. This identification leads to the improvement of these processes within any organization and promotes economic and social sustainability, and to a lesser extent environmental sustainability. Kaizen, already widely and successfully employed in the industrial sector, is now being applied in the health sector. However, the health sector tends to publish only the results of how processes have been improved in finely focused areas and the resulting benefits. The majority of the benefits focus on time and cost reduction. In this study, the authors carried out a bibliometric analysis using the Scimat program, which maps the thematic evolution of Kaizen in the health sector and its relationship with sustainability, in order to promote the interest of the health sector for this type of process improvement. The findings confirm that the implementation of Kaizen is recent and constantly evolves and grows, and that it can help economic and social sustainability, and to a lesser extent environmental sustainability.Morell-Santandreu, O.; Santandreu Mascarell, C.; García Sabater, JJ. (2020). Sustainability and Kaizen: Business Model Trends in Healthcare. Sustainability. 12(24):1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410622S1281224Sepetis, A. (2019). Sustainable Health Care Management in the Greek Health Care Sector. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 07(12), 386-402. doi:10.4236/jss.2019.712030Sustainable Healthcare—Working towards the Paradigm Shift https://www.anhinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/old/files/100617SustainableHealthcare_White-Paper.pdfWeisz, U., Haas, W., Pelikan, J. M., & Schmied, H. (2011). Sustainable Hospitals: A Socio-Ecological Approach. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 20(3), 191-198. doi:10.14512/gaia.20.3.10McGain, F., & Naylor, C. (2014). Environmental sustainability in hospitals – a systematic review and research agenda. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 19(4), 245-252. doi:10.1177/1355819614534836D’Andreamatteo, A., Ianni, L., Lega, F., & Sargiacomo, M. (2015). Lean in healthcare: A comprehensive review. Health Policy, 119(9), 1197-1209. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.02.002Norazlan, A. N. I., Habidin, N. F., Roslan, M. H., & Zainudin, M. Z. (2014). Investigation of kaizen blitz and sustainable performance for Malaysian healthcare industry. International Journal of Quality and Innovation, 2(3/4), 272. doi:10.1504/ijqi.2014.066381Patient Safety in Developing and Transitional Countries 2012 www.who.int/patientsafety/research/emro_afro_report.pdfElmontsri, M., Almashrafi, A., Banarsee, R., & Majeed, A. (2017). Status of patient safety culture in Arab countries: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 7(2), e013487. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013487Paul Brunet, A., & New, S. (2003). Kaizenin Japan: an empirical study. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23(12), 1426-1446. doi:10.1108/01443570310506704Ferreira, D. M. C., & Saurin, T. A. (2019). A complexity theory perspective of kaizen: a study in healthcare. Production Planning & Control, 30(16), 1337-1353. doi:10.1080/09537287.2019.1615649Chahal, H., & Fayza, N. A. (2016). An exploratory study on kaizen muda and organisational sustainability: patients’ perspective. International Journal of Lean Enterprise Research, 2(1), 81. doi:10.1504/ijler.2016.078249Ishijima, H., Nishikido, K., Teshima, M., Nishikawa, S., & Gawad, E. A. (2019). Introducing the «5S-KAIZEN-TQM» approach into public hospitals in Egypt. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 33(1), 89-109. doi:10.1108/ijhcqa-06-2018-0143Mazzocato, P., Stenfors-Hayes, T., von Thiele Schwarz, U., Hasson, H., & Nyström, M. E. (2016). Kaizen practice in healthcare: a qualitative analysis of hospital employees’ suggestions for improvement. BMJ Open, 6(7), e012256. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012256Gowen, C. R., McFadden, K. L., & Settaluri, S. (2012). Contrasting continuous quality improvement, Six Sigma, and lean management for enhanced outcomes in US hospitals. American Journal of Business, 27(2), 133-153. doi:10.1108/19355181211274442Grove, A. L., Meredith, J. O., MacIntyre, M., Angelis, J., & Neailey, K. (2010). UK health visiting: challenges faced during lean implementation. Leadership in Health Services, 23(3), 204-218. doi:10.1108/17511871011061037Ho, S. K. M. (2010). Integrated lean TQM model for global sustainability and competitiveness. The TQM Journal, 22(2), 143+-158. doi:10.1108/17542731011024264DelliFraine, J. L., Langabeer, J. R., & Nembhard, I. M. (2010). Assessing the Evidence of Six Sigma and Lean in the Health Care Industry. Quality Management in Health Care, 19(3), 211-225. doi:10.1097/qmh.0b013e3181eb140eSouza, J. P. E., & Alves, J. M. (2018). Lean-integrated management system: A model for sustainability improvement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 2667-2682. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.144Costa, L. B. M., & Godinho Filho, M. (2016). Lean healthcare: review, classification and analysis of literature. Production Planning & Control, 27(10), 823-836. doi:10.1080/09537287.2016.1143131Costa, D. G. da, Pasin, S. S., Magalhães, A. M. M. de, Moura, G. M. S. S. de, Rosso, C. B., & Saurin, T. A. (2018). Analysis of the preparation and administration of medications in the hospital context based on Lean thinking. Escola Anna Nery, 22(4). doi:10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0402Van Aken, J., Chandrasekaran, A., & Halman, J. (2016). Conducting and publishing design science research. Journal of Operations Management, 47-48(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jom.2016.06.004Glover, W. J., Farris, J. A., Van Aken, E. M., & Doolen, T. L. (2011). Critical success factors for the sustainability of Kaizen event human resource outcomes: An empirical study. International Journal of Production Economics, 132(2), 197-213. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.04.005Glover, W. J., Liu, W., Farris, J. A., & Van Aken, E. M. (2013). Characteristics of established kaizen event programs: an empirical study. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 33(9), 1166-1201. doi:10.1108/ijopm-03-2011-0119Aij, K. H., & Rapsaniotis, S. (2017). Leadership requirements for Lean versus servant leadership in health care: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, Volume 9, 1-14. doi:10.2147/jhl.s120166Garcia, S., Cintra, Y., Torres, R. de C. S. R., & Lima, F. G. (2016). Corporate sustainability management: a proposed multi-criteria model to support balanced decision-making. Journal of Cleaner Production, 136, 181-196. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.110The Sustainability Yearbook 2014 https://www.p-plus.nl/resources/articlefiles/SustainabilityYearbook2014.pdfRebelo, M. F., Santos, G., & Silva, R. (2016). Integration of management systems: towards a sustained success and development of organizations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 96-111. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.011Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 146-166. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2010.10.002Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2012). SciMAT: A new science mapping analysis software tool. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(8), 1609-1630. doi:10.1002/asi.22688Martínez-Jurado, P. J., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2014). Lean Management, Supply Chain Management and Sustainability: A Literature Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 85, 134-150. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.042López-Robles, J.-R., Guallar, J., Otegi-Olaso, J.-R., & Gamboa-Rosales, N.-K. (2019). El profesional de la información (EPI): Bibliometric and thematic analysis (2006-2017). El Profesional de la Información, 28(4). doi:10.3145/epi.2019.jul.17WOS Database Available from the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology https://www.recursoscientificos.fecyt.es/Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) www.fecyt.esJiménez-García, M., Ruiz-Chico, J., Peña-Sánchez, A. R., & López-Sánchez, J. A. (2020). A Bibliometric Analysis of Sports Tourism and Sustainability (2002–2019). Sustainability, 12(7), 2840. doi:10.3390/su12072840Chiarini, A., Baccarani, C., & Mascherpa, V. (2018). Lean production, Toyota Production System and Kaizen philosophy. The TQM Journal, 30(4), 425-438. doi:10.1108/tqm-12-2017-0178Garcia, J. A. M., Sabater, J. J. G., & Bonavia, T. (2009). The impact of Kaizen Events on improving the performance of automotive components’ first-tier suppliers. International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, 9(4), 362. doi:10.1504/ijatm.2009.028524Schwerdtle, P. N., Maxwell, J., Horton, G., & Bonnamy, J. (2019). ‘12 tips for teaching environmental sustainability to health professionals’. Medical Teacher, 42(2), 150-155. doi:10.1080/0142159x.2018.1551994Vergunst, F., Berry, H. L., Rugkåsa, J., Burns, T., Molodynski, A., & Maughan, D. L. (2019). Applying the triple bottom line of sustainability to healthcare research—a feasibility study. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 32(1), 48-53. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzz049Aznar Mínguet, P., & Barrón Ruiz, Á. (2017). El desarrollo humano sostenible: un compromiso educativo. Teoría de la Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria, 29(1), 25-53. doi:10.14201/teoredu291253Herrera, J., & de las Heras-Rosas, C. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Resource Management: Towards Sustainable Business Organizations. Sustainability, 12(3), 841. doi:10.3390/su12030841Leite, H., Bateman, N., & Radnor, Z. (2019). Beyond the ostensible: an exploration of barriers to lean implementation and sustainability in healthcare. Production Planning & Control, 31(1), 1-18. doi:10.1080/09537287.2019.1623426Maghsoudi, T., Cascón-Pereira, R., & Beatriz Hernández Lara, A. (2020). The Role of Collaborative Healthcare in Improving Social Sustainability: A Conceptual Framework. Sustainability, 12(8), 3195. doi:10.3390/su12083195Stelson, P., Hille, J., Eseonu, C., & Doolen, T. (2017). What drives continuous improvement project success in healthcare? International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 30(1), 43-57. doi:10.1108/ijhcqa-03-2016-0035Alvarado Ramírez, K., & Pumisacho Álvaro, V. (2017). Prácticas de mejora continua, con enfoque Kaizen, en empresas del distrito metropolitano de Quito: Un estudio exploratorio. Intangible Capital, 13(2), 479. doi:10.3926/ic.901Daly, H. E. (1990). Toward some operational principles of sustainable development. Ecological Economics, 2(1), 1-6. doi:10.1016/0921-8009(90)90010-

Tarski Geometry Axioms – Part II

In our earlier article [12], the first part of axioms of geometry proposed by Alfred Tarski [14] was formally introduced by means of Mizar proof assistant [9]. We defined a structure TarskiPlane with the following predicates: of betweenness between (a ternary relation),of congruence of segments equiv (quarternary relation), which satisfy the following properties: congruence symmetry (A1),congruence equivalence relation (A2),congruence identity (A3),segment construction (A4),SAS (A5),betweenness identity (A6),Pasch (A7). Also a simple model, which satisfies these axioms, was previously constructed, and described in [6]. In this paper, we deal with four remaining axioms, namely: the lower dimension axiom (A8),the upper dimension axiom (A9),the Euclid axiom (A10),the continuity axiom (A11). They were introduced in the form of Mizar attributes. Additionally, the relation of congruence of triangles cong is introduced via congruence of sides (SSS).In order to show that the structure which satisfies all eleven Tarski’s axioms really exists, we provided a proof of the registration of a cluster that the Euclidean plane, or rather a natural [5] extension of ordinary metric structure Euclid 2 satisfies all these attributes.Although the tradition of the mechanization of Tarski’s geometry in Mizar is not as long as in Coq [11], first approaches to this topic were done in Mizar in 1990 [16] (even if this article started formal Hilbert axiomatization of geometry, and parallel development was rather unlikely at that time [8]). Connection with another proof assistant should be mentioned – we had some doubts about the proof of the Euclid’s axiom and inspection of the proof taken from Archive of Formal Proofs of Isabelle [10] clarified things a bit. Our development allows for the future faithful mechanization of [13] and opens the possibility of automatically generated Prover9 proofs which was useful in the case of lattice theory [7].Coghetto Roland - Rue de la Brasserie 5, 7100 La Louvière, BelgiumGrabowski Adam - Institute of Informatics, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1M, 15-245 Białystok, PolandCzesław Byliński. Introduction to real linear topological spaces. Formalized Mathematics, 13(1):99–107, 2005.Czesław Byliński. Some basic properties of sets. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):47–53, 1990.Roland Coghetto. Circumcenter, circumcircle and centroid of a triangle. Formalized Mathematics, 24(1):17–26, 2016. doi:10.1515/forma-2016-0002.Agata Darmochwał. The Euclidean space. Formalized Mathematics, 2(4):599–603, 1991.Adam Grabowski. Efficient rough set theory merging. Fundamenta Informaticae, 135(4): 371–385, 2014. doi:10.3233/FI-2014-1129.Adam Grabowski. Tarski’s geometry modelled in Mizar computerized proof assistant. In Proceedings of the 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, FedCSIS 2016, Gdańsk, Poland, September 11–14, 2016, pages 373–381, 2016. doi:10.15439/2016F290.Adam Grabowski. Mechanizing complemented lattices within Mizar system. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 55:211–221, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10817-015-9333-5.Adam Grabowski and Christoph Schwarzweller. On duplication in mathematical repositories. In Serge Autexier, Jacques Calmet, David Delahaye, Patrick D. F. Ion, Laurence Rideau, Renaud Rioboo, and Alan P. Sexton, editors, Intelligent Computer Mathematics, 10th International Conference, AISC 2010, 17th Symposium, Calculemus 2010, and 9th International Conference, MKM 2010, Paris, France, July 5–10, 2010. Proceedings, volume 6167 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 300–314. Springer, 2010. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14128-7_26.Adam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, and Adam Naumowicz. Four decades of Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 55(3):191–198, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10817-015-9345-1.Timothy James McKenzie Makarios. A mechanical verification of the independence of Tarski’s Euclidean Axiom. 2012. Master’s thesis.Julien Narboux. Mechanical theorem proving in Tarski’s geometry. In F. Botana and T. Recio, editors, Automated Deduction in Geometry, volume 4869 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 139–156. Springer, 2007.William Richter, Adam Grabowski, and Jesse Alama. Tarski geometry axioms. Formalized Mathematics, 22(2):167–176, 2014. doi:10.2478/forma-2014-0017.Wolfram Schwabhäuser, Wanda Szmielew, and Alfred Tarski. Metamathematische Methoden in der Geometrie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 1983.Alfred Tarski and Steven Givant. Tarski’s system of geometry. Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, 5(2):175–214, 1999.Andrzej Trybulec and Czesław Byliński. Some properties of real numbers. Formalized Mathematics, 1(3):445–449, 1990.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Axioms of incidence. Formalized Mathematics, 1(1):205–213, 1990.Wojciech A. Trybulec. Vectors in real linear space. Formalized Mathematics, 1(2):291–296, 1990

Automatic classification of human facial features based on their appearance

[EN] Classification or typology systems used to categorize different human body parts have existed for many years. Nevertheless, there are very few taxonomies of facial features. Ergonomics, forensic anthropology, crime prevention or new human-machine interaction systems and online activities, like e-commerce, e-learning, games, dating or social networks, are fields in which classifications of facial features are useful, for example, to create digital interlocutors that optimize the interactions between human and machines. However, classifying isolated facial features is difficult for human observers. Previous works reported low inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in the evaluation of facial features. This work presents a computer-based procedure to automatically classify facial features based on their global appearance. This procedure deals with the difficulties associated with classifying features using judgements from human observers, and facilitates the development of taxonomies of facial features. Taxonomies obtained through this procedure are presented for eyes, mouths and noses.Fuentes-Hurtado, F.; Diego-Mas, JA.; Naranjo Ornedo, V.; Alcañiz Raya, ML. (2019). Automatic classification of human facial features based on their appearance. PLoS ONE. 14(1):1-20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211314S120141Damasio, A. R. (1985). Prosopagnosia. Trends in Neurosciences, 8, 132-135. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(85)90051-7Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986). Understanding face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 77(3), 305-327. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.xTodorov, A. (2011). Evaluating Faces on Social Dimensions. Social Neuroscience, 54-76. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195316872.003.0004Little, A. C., Burriss, R. P., Jones, B. C., & Roberts, S. C. (2007). Facial appearance affects voting decisions. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(1), 18-27. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.09.002Porter, J. P., & Olson, K. L. (2001). Anthropometric Facial Analysis of the African American Woman. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, 3(3), 191-197. doi:10.1001/archfaci.3.3.191Gündüz Arslan, S., Genç, C., Odabaş, B., & Devecioğlu Kama, J. (2007). Comparison of Facial Proportions and Anthropometric Norms Among Turkish Young Adults With Different Face Types. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 32(2), 234-242. doi:10.1007/s00266-007-9049-yFerring, V., & Pancherz, H. (2008). Divine proportions in the growing face. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 134(4), 472-479. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.03.027Mane, D. R., Kale, A. D., Bhai, M. B., & Hallikerimath, S. (2010). Anthropometric and anthroposcopic analysis of different shapes of faces in group of Indian population: A pilot study. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 17(8), 421-425. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2010.09.001Ritz-Timme, S., Gabriel, P., Tutkuviene, J., Poppa, P., Obertová, Z., Gibelli, D., … Cattaneo, C. (2011). Metric and morphological assessment of facial features: A study on three European populations. Forensic Science International, 207(1-3), 239.e1-239.e8. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.035Ritz-Timme, S., Gabriel, P., Obertovà, Z., Boguslawski, M., Mayer, F., Drabik, A., … Cattaneo, C. (2010). A new atlas for the evaluation of facial features: advantages, limits, and applicability. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 125(2), 301-306. doi:10.1007/s00414-010-0446-4Kong, S. G., Heo, J., Abidi, B. R., Paik, J., & Abidi, M. A. (2005). Recent advances in visual and infrared face recognition—a review. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 97(1), 103-135. doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2004.04.001Tavares, G., Mourão, A., & Magalhães, J. (2016). Crowdsourcing facial expressions for affective-interaction. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 147, 102-113. doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2016.02.001Buckingham, G., DeBruine, L. M., Little, A. C., Welling, L. L. M., Conway, C. A., Tiddeman, B. P., & Jones, B. C. (2006). Visual adaptation to masculine and feminine faces influences generalized preferences and perceptions of trustworthiness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27(5), 381-389. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.03.001Boberg M, Piippo P, Ollila E. Designing Avatars. DIMEA ‘08 Proc 3rd Int Conf Digit Interact Media Entertain Arts. ACM; 2008; 232–239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/1413634.1413679Rojas Q., M., Masip, D., Todorov, A., & Vitria, J. (2011). Automatic Prediction of Facial Trait Judgments: Appearance vs. Structural Models. PLoS ONE, 6(8), e23323. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023323Laurentini, A., & Bottino, A. (2014). Computer analysis of face beauty: A survey. 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Analisis Pengaruh Quality, Image, Brand Equity, dan Value terhadap Loyalitas Seller sebagai Salah Satu Partner E-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari beberapa faktor yaitu quality, image, brand equity dan value terhadap loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 82 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan literatur. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel-variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; 1). Kualitas e-marketplace tidak berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 2). Citra Perusahaan penyedia e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 3). Ekuitas brand Perusahaan e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 4). Nilai yang dimiliki oleh Perusahaan e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 5). Kualitas Pelayanan, citra Perusahaan, ekuitas brand dan nilai Perusahaan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia. Loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia terbukti dipengaruhi oleh keempat variabel yang diteliti yaitu sebesar 74% dan sisanya 26% dipengaruhi oleh faktor atau variabel-variabel lainnya.Kata Kunci: Quality, Image, Brand Equity, Value, Loyalitas Seller2 This study aims to determine the effect of e-service quality, image, brand equity, and value to seller's loyalty as a partner in Lazada Indonesia e-marketplace. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling method, with the total number of sample is 82 respondents. The technique of collecting data is using questionnaires and literatures. The analytical method that used in this research is multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that; 1). E-service quality does not affect significantly on seller's loyalty. 2). Image has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 3). Brand Equity has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 4). Value has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 5). E-Service quality, value, brand equity, and value jointly has a positive and significant effect on seller's loyalty as a partner in Lazada Indonesia e-marketplace. The seller's loyalty shown to be affected by the independent variables in this study at 74% and 26% is influenced by other factors or variables.Keywords: Quality, Image, Brand Equity, Value, Seller's Loyalty DAFTAR PUSTAKA Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. 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Effect of Chitin Whiskers on the Molecular Dynamics of Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposites

[EN] Films of carrageenan (KC) and glycerol (g) with different contents of chitin nanowhiskers (CHW) were prepared by a solution casting process. The molecular dynamics of pure carrageenan (KC), carrageenan/glycerol (KCg) and KCg with different quantities of CHWs as a filler was studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The analysis of the CHW effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition, T-g, indicates that non-attractive intermolecular interactions between KCg and CHW occur. The fragility index increased upon CHW incorporation, due to a reduction in the polymer chains mobility produced by the CHW confinement of the KCg network. The apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at T-g slightly increased with the CHW content. The filler nature effect, CHW or montmorillonite (MMT), on the dynamic mobility of the composites was analyzed by comparing the dynamic behavior of both carrageenan-based composites (KCg/xCHW, KCg/xMMT).This research was funded by the DGCYT grant number [MAT2015-63955-R] and the Vice-Rectorate for Research of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru and the the Peruvian Science and Technology Program (INNOVATE-PERU) And The APC was funded by MDPI.Carsí Rosique, M.; Sanchis Sánchez, MJ.; Gómez, CM.; Rodriguez, S.; García-Torres, F. (2019). Effect of Chitin Whiskers on the Molecular Dynamics of Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers. 11(6):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11061083116116Zheng, Y., Monty, J., & Linhardt, R. J. (2015). Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites and their applications. Carbohydrate Research, 405, 23-32. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.016Jamróz, E., Kulawik, P., & Kopel, P. (2019). 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