A systematic literature review of Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation in the organization

[EN] In today’s market situation and complex business environment, organization must be able to deliver the customer’s requirement and the expectations which are critical to the satisfaction such as high product quality, faster delivery and competitive cost. Organization need to apply a comprehensive concept and method on managing those requirements. The concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) is considered as one of a popular concept used to manage the quality of product and services comprehensively. This research is to observe is this concept and method still relevant to be use and effectively improved the business performance as well as customer satisfaction. It is a systematic literature review to the literatures from many industry sectors that were collected and reviewed in detail. The result show that this concept is still being used by many organizations around the world and its successfully help the organization to improve their competitiveness, business growth and the sustainability as well as increase employee’s morale.This article was completed thanks to the financial support from the university of Mercu Buana, Jakarta-Indonesia. It also completed with the purpose and motivation of the authors to have an innovate research thinking as well as the contribution to the future researcher.Permana, A.; Purba, H.; Rizkiyah, N. (2021). A systematic literature review of Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation in the organization. International Journal of Production Management and Engineering. 9(1):25-36. https://doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2021.13765OJS253691Alanazi, M.H. (2020). The mediating role of primary TQM factors and strategy in the relationship between supportive TQM factors and organisational results: An empirical assessment using the MBNQA model. 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Analisis Pengaruh Quality, Image, Brand Equity, dan Value terhadap Loyalitas Seller sebagai Salah Satu Partner E-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari beberapa faktor yaitu quality, image, brand equity dan value terhadap loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 82 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan literatur. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel-variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; 1). Kualitas e-marketplace tidak berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 2). Citra Perusahaan penyedia e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 3). Ekuitas brand Perusahaan e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 4). Nilai yang dimiliki oleh Perusahaan e-marketplace berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller 5). Kualitas Pelayanan, citra Perusahaan, ekuitas brand dan nilai Perusahaan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia. Loyalitas seller sebagai salah satu partner e-marketplace di Lazada Indonesia terbukti dipengaruhi oleh keempat variabel yang diteliti yaitu sebesar 74% dan sisanya 26% dipengaruhi oleh faktor atau variabel-variabel lainnya.Kata Kunci: Quality, Image, Brand Equity, Value, Loyalitas Seller2 This study aims to determine the effect of e-service quality, image, brand equity, and value to seller's loyalty as a partner in Lazada Indonesia e-marketplace. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling method, with the total number of sample is 82 respondents. The technique of collecting data is using questionnaires and literatures. The analytical method that used in this research is multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that; 1). E-service quality does not affect significantly on seller's loyalty. 2). Image has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 3). Brand Equity has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 4). Value has a possitive and significant effect on seller's loyalty. 5). E-Service quality, value, brand equity, and value jointly has a positive and significant effect on seller's loyalty as a partner in Lazada Indonesia e-marketplace. The seller's loyalty shown to be affected by the independent variables in this study at 74% and 26% is influenced by other factors or variables.Keywords: Quality, Image, Brand Equity, Value, Seller's Loyalty DAFTAR PUSTAKA Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. 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Quality management of B2C e-commerce service based on human factors engineering, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 12, 309–32

Inferring export orientation from corporate websites

This is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published in: “Applied Economics Letters"; Volume 21, Issue 7, 2014; copyright Taylor & Francis; available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.872752The purpose of this article is to infer indicators about the export orientation of firms from the analysis of their corporate websites. Using a dataset of manufacturing firms, two logistic regressions were performed and compared: one considering some firm structural variables, and another considering some web-based variables. Results showed that the website features are good predictors of the export orientation of firms, performing as well as the classic economic variables.Blázquez Soriano, MD.; Doménech I De Soria, J. (2014). Inferring export orientation from corporate websites. Applied Economics Letters. 21(7):509-512. doi:10.1080/13504851.2013.872752S509512217Bonaccorsi, A. (1992). On the Relationship Between Firm Size and Export Intensity. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(4), 605-635. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490280DA, Z., ENGELBERG, J., & GAO, P. (2011). In Search of Attention. The Journal of Finance, 66(5), 1461-1499. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01679.xDzielinski, M. (2012). Measuring economic uncertainty and its impact on the stock market. Finance Research Letters, 9(3), 167-175. doi:10.1016/j.frl.2011.10.003Freund, C. L., & Weinhold, D. (2004). The effect of the Internet on international trade. Journal of International Economics, 62(1), 171-189. doi:10.1016/s0022-1996(03)00059-xGirma, S., Greenaway, avid, & Kneller, R. (2004). Does Exporting Increase Productivity? A Microeconometric Analysis of Matched Firms. Review of International Economics, 12(5), 855-866. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9396.2004.00486.xLee, J., & Morrison, A. M. (2010). A comparative study of web site performance. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 1(1), 50-67. doi:10.1108/17579881011023016Murphy, J., & Scharl, A. (2007). An investigation of global versus local online branding. International Marketing Review, 24(3), 297-312. doi:10.1108/02651330710755302Nassimbeni, G. (2001). Technology, innovation capacity, and the export attitude of small manufacturing firms: a logit/tobit model. Research Policy, 30(2), 245-262. doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00114-6Preis, T., Reith, D., & Stanley, H. E. (2010). Complex dynamics of our economic life on different scales: insights from search engine query data. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 368(1933), 5707-5719. doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0284Spence, M. M. (2003). Small Business Economics, 20(1), 83-103. doi:10.1023/a:1020200621988Varian, H. R. (2010). Computer Mediated Transactions. American Economic Review, 100(2), 1-10. doi:10.1257/aer.100.2.1Wholey, J. S., & Hatry, H. P. (1992). The Case for Performance Monitoring. Public Administration Review, 52(6), 604. doi:10.2307/97717

Analyzing cultural expatriates' attitudes toward “Englishnization” using dynamic topic modeling

[EN] Several Japanese multinational corporations (MNCs) have recently adopted an English-only policy known as “Englishnization”. This study examines the impact of this policy using computer-assisted text analysis to investigate changes in cultural expatriates’ perceptions of Japanese work practices and values over time. Cultural expatriates are a significant but underexplored outcome of globalization. Despite the recent proliferation of studies on the internationalization of Japanese MNCs, few studies have focused on cultural expatriates' perceptions of corporate language policy in social media texts. This study analyzes a corpus of 208 posts from Rakuten, a Japanese MNC, on Glassdoor from 2009 to 2020. The findings suggest that these posts can be divided into three content groups: the threat of a foreign corporate culture, embracing the Rakuten way, and perceptions of leadership and marginalized status. Further, the posts reveal how Rakuten’s corporate language policy, as an instrument of internal internationalization, impacts external internationalization. The dynamics of “Englishnization’’ reveal a pressing issue facing Rakuten: namely, how to balance multinational cohesion with monolingualism and multiculturalism. This paper aims to demonstrate that dynamic topic modeling could enhance our understanding of the manner in which cultural expatriates and the English-only policy affect the internationalization of Japanese MNCs. It contributes to the literature by examining cultural expatriates’ perceptions of Japanese work practices and values from a diachronic perspective.Zhang, Z. (2021). Analyzing cultural expatriates' attitudes toward “Englishnization” using dynamic topic modeling. Journal of Computer-Assisted Linguistic Research. 5(1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.4995/jclr.2021.15909OJS12651Alalwan, Ali Abdallah. 2018. 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Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern age. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Hong, Liangjie, and Brian D. Davison. 2010. "Empirical Study of Topic Modeling in Twitter." In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Social Media Analytics - SOMA '10. https://doi.org/10.1145/1964858.1964870Jacoby, Sanford M. 2005. "Business and Society in Japan and the United States." British Journal of Industrial Relations 43(4): 617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2005.00476.xJameson, Daphne A. 2007. "Reconceptualizing Cultural Identity and its Role in Intercultural Business Communication." The Journal of Business Communication (1973) 44(3): 199-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943607301346Johannsen, Anders, Dirk Hovy, and Anders Søgaard. 2015. "Cross-lingual Syntactic Variation over Age and Gender." In Proceedings of the Nineteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, 103-112. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/K15-1011Kankaanranta, Anne, and Wei Lu. 2013. 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Visiting Dark Murals: An Ethnographic Approach to the Sustainability of Heritage

[EN] Political, war-themed and controversial murals aim to show the history of a community, making the intangible tangible, and, because these events are still recent, they stir people's emotions. Visitors to this type of heritage have a mixture of artistic and dark interests that lead to what we call 'dark mural attractions'. These political murals need a public strategy to be preserved, become better known and attract local economic development funds to make them sustainable. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse how communities could build a co-narrative around murals to generate a sustainable local development. To achieve this goal, an in depth study needs to be performed to establish what kind of narrative will enable political murals to attract dark visitors and examine how communities can build a sustainable co-narrative around a dark mural. As a case study, we analyse the Battle of Cable Street mural in London, located in the non-touristic borough of Tower Hamlets, by means of an ethnographic qualitative approach based on stakeholders' opinions, among other sources. In this case, results show that dark murals have the potential to attract visitors, but they require a public strategy for the sustainability of heritage, based on a narrative of community solidarity for educational and discovery purposes.This research was funded by the Valencian Regional Government, Spain, during the visiting research period of De Miguel at the University of Roehampton, under the enlightened supervision of Jonathan Skinner. Grant number: BEST/2019/175.De-Miguel-Molina, M. (2020). Visiting Dark Murals: An Ethnographic Approach to the Sustainability of Heritage. Sustainability. 12(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020677S116122Hooper, G., & Lennon, J. J. (Eds.). (2016). Dark Tourism. doi:10.4324/9781315575865Yan, L., Xu, J. (Bill), Sun, Z., & Xu, Y. (2019). Street art as alternative attractions: A case of the East Side Gallery. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 76-85. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2018.11.001Culture for Sustainable Development. UNESCOhttps://en.unesco.org/themes/culture-sustainable-developmentSantamarina-Campos, V., Carabal-Montagud, M. Á., Miguel-Molina, M. D., & Miguel-Molina, B. D. (Eds.). (2017). Conservation, Tourism, and Identity of Contemporary Community Art. doi:10.1201/9781315209586Neill, W. J. V. (2001). Marketing the Urban Experience: Reflections on the Place of Fear in the Promotional Strategies of Belfast, Detroit and Berlin. Urban Studies, 38(5-6), 815-828. doi:10.1080/00420980125183Walls and Places: Political Murals in Belfasthttp://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/ps/dartnell/wallandplaces.htmlCampos, R., & Sequeira, Á. (2019). Urban Art touristification: The case of Lisbon. Tourist Studies, 20(2), 182-202. doi:10.1177/1468797619873108De Miguel Molina, M., de Miguel Molina, B., & Santamarina Campos, V. (2019). Visiting African American murals: a content analysis of Los Angeles, California. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 18(2), 201-217. doi:10.1080/14766825.2019.1597877Merrill, S. (2014). Keeping it real? Subcultural graffiti, street art, heritage and authenticity. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(4), 369-389. doi:10.1080/13527258.2014.934902McAuliffe, C., & Iveson, K. (2011). Art and Crime (and Other Things Besides … ): Conceptualising Graffiti in the City. Geography Compass, 5(3), 128-143. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2011.00414.xBarnes, T. J., & Hayter, R. (1992). ‘The Little Town That Did’: Flexible Accumulation and Community Response in Chemainus, British Columbia. Regional Studies, 26(7), 647-663. doi:10.1080/00343409212331347281Grondeau, A., & Pondaven, F. (2018). Le street art, outil de valorisation territoriale et touristique : l’exemple de la Galeria de Arte Urbana de Lisbonne. EchoGéo, (44). doi:10.4000/echogeo.15324Improving Places: Culture & Business Improvement District Partnershipshttps://www.artscouncil.org.uk/publication/improving-places-culture-business-improvement-district-partnershipsSaunders, A. (2013). Recovering the street: relocalising urban geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 37(4), 536-546. doi:10.1080/03098265.2013.801069Figini, P., & Vici, L. (2012). Off-season tourists and the cultural offer of a mass-tourism destination: The case of Rimini. Tourism Management, 33(4), 825-839. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.09.005Arts audiences: Insighthttps://www.artscouncil.org.uk/sites/default/files/download-file/arts_audience_insight_2011.pdfLight, D. (2017). Progress in dark tourism and thanatourism research: An uneasy relationship with heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 61, 275-301. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.011Cohen, E. H. (2011). Educational dark tourism at an in populo site. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 193-209. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2010.08.003Seaton, A. V. (1996). Guided by the dark: From thanatopsistothanatourism. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 234-244. doi:10.1080/13527259608722178Foley, M., & Lennon, J. J. (1996). JFK and dark tourism: A fascination with assassination. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 198-211. doi:10.1080/13527259608722175Raine, R. (2013). A dark tourist spectrum. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 242-256. doi:10.1108/ijcthr-05-2012-0037Blom, T. (2000). Morbid tourism - a postmodern market niche with an example from Althorp. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, 54(1), 29-36. doi:10.1080/002919500423564de-Miguel-Molina, M., & Barrera-Gabaldón, J. L. (2019). Controversial heritage: the Valley of the Fallen. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(1), 128-143. doi:10.1108/ijcthr-01-2019-0006Koster, R. L. P. (2008). Mural-based tourism as a strategy for rural community economic development. Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research Volume 2, 153-292. doi:10.1016/s1871-3173(08)02004-1Isaac, R. K., Çakmak, E., & Butler, R. (Eds.). (2019). Tourism and Hospitality in Conflict-Ridden Destinations. doi:10.4324/9780429463235Arandelovic, B., & Bogunovich, D. (2014). City profile: Berlin. Cities, 37, 1-26. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2013.10.007Heidenry, R. (2014). The Murals of El Salvador: Reconstruction, Historical Memory and Whitewashing. Public Art Dialogue, 4(1), 122-145. doi:10.1080/21502552.2014.878486Skinner, J., & Jolliffe, L. (Eds.). (2017). Murals and Tourism. doi:10.4324/9781315547978Koensler, A., & Papa, C. (2011). Political tourism in the Israeli-Palestinian space (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate). Anthropology Today, 27(2), 13-17. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2011.00796.xMcAtackney, L. (2011). Peace maintenance and political messages: The significance of walls during and after the Northern Irish ‘Troubles’. Journal of Social Archaeology, 11(1), 77-98. doi:10.1177/1469605310392321Crooke, E. (2010). The politics of community heritage: motivations, authority and control. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 16(1-2), 16-29. doi:10.1080/13527250903441705Morris, P., & Arford, T. (2018). «Sweat a little water, sweat a little blood»: A spectacle of convict labor at an American amusement park. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 15(3), 423-446. doi:10.1177/1741659018780201Narvselius, E. (2018). Demonized, domesticated, virtualized: fortification buildings as a case of Prussian heritage in present-day Kaliningrad. Nationalities Papers, 46(3), 400-421. doi:10.1080/00905992.2017.1374938Murtagh, B., Boland, P., & Shirlow, P. (2017). Contested heritages and cultural tourism. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(6), 506-520. doi:10.1080/13527258.2017.1287118Ong, C.-E., Minca, C., & Felder, M. (2014). The historic hotel as ‘quasi-freedom machine’: negotiating utopian visions and dark histories at Amsterdam’s Lloyd Hotel and ‘Cultural Embassy’. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(2), 167-183. doi:10.1080/1743873x.2014.985223Shaw, W. M. K. (2017). In Situ: The Contraindications of World Heritage. International Journal of Islamic Architecture, 6(2), 339-365. doi:10.1386/ijia.6.2.339_1Frew, E. A. (2012). Interpretation of a sensitive heritage site: the Port Arthur Memorial Garden, Tasmania. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 18(1), 33-48. doi:10.1080/13527258.2011.603908Upton, A., Schänzel, H., & Lück, M. (2017). Reflections of battlefield tourist experiences associated with Vietnam War sites: an analysis of travel blogs. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(3), 197-210. doi:10.1080/1743873x.2017.1282491Podoshen, J. S. (2016). Trajectories in Holocaust tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 12(4), 347-364. doi:10.1080/1743873x.2016.1197228Yankholmes, A., & McKercher, B. (2015). Rethinking slavery heritage tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(3), 233-247. doi:10.1080/1743873x.2014.988159Eriksson, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2008). Qualitative Methods in Business Research. doi:10.4135/9780857028044An antidote to the far right’s poison’—The battle for Cable Street’s muralhttps://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/sep/21/battle-cable-street-mural-fascists-east-endStanding Up to Hatred on Cable Streethttps://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/standing-democracy/standing-hatred-cable-streetMccarthy, J. (2006). Regeneration of Cultural Quarters: Public Art for Place Image or Place Identity? Journal of Urban Design, 11(2), 243-262. doi:10.1080/13574800600644118Yirik, S., Seyitoğlu, F., & Çakar, K. (2016). From the white darkness to dark tourism: the case of Sarikamish. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(3), 245-260. doi:10.1108/ijcthr-06-2015-0064The Battle of Cable Street. APT Filmshttps://vimeo.com/5817684Duffy, A. (2016). Trusting me, trusting you: Evaluating three forms of trust on an information-rich consumer review website. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 16(3), 212-220. doi:10.1002/cb.1628Museum in Cable St about women and suffragettes turns out to be ‘Jack the Ripper’. The Docklands & East London Advertiserhttps://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/museum-in-cable-st-about-women-and-suffragettes-turns-out-to-be-jack-the-ripper-1-4172863Miguel Molina, M., & Skinner, J. (2019). Walls of Expression and Dark Murals Tourism. Anthropology News, 60(6). doi:10.1111/an.1310Strange, C., & Kempa, M. (2003). Shades of dark tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(2), 386-405. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(02)00102-0Young, A. (2010). Negotiated consent or zero tolerance? Responding to graffiti and street art in Melbourne. City, 14(1-2), 99-114. doi:10.1080/1360481090352521

Sustainability and Kaizen: Business Model Trends in Healthcare

[EN] Kaizen, or continuous improvement, is a management tool that allows the identification of activities that have no value in the processes examined. This identification leads to the improvement of these processes within any organization and promotes economic and social sustainability, and to a lesser extent environmental sustainability. Kaizen, already widely and successfully employed in the industrial sector, is now being applied in the health sector. However, the health sector tends to publish only the results of how processes have been improved in finely focused areas and the resulting benefits. The majority of the benefits focus on time and cost reduction. In this study, the authors carried out a bibliometric analysis using the Scimat program, which maps the thematic evolution of Kaizen in the health sector and its relationship with sustainability, in order to promote the interest of the health sector for this type of process improvement. 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Knowledge, Promotional Events, and the Contribution of Clustering to Innovation

This is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published in: “Journal of Promotion Management"; Volume 21, Issue 4, 2015; copyright Taylor & Francis; available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2015.1051407This research provides insight on the mechanisms through which knowledge acquired through promotional events and through spatial co-location simultaneously sustains firm s innovation. Applying the concept of temporary clusters to promotional events, we simultaneously test how internal resources mediating effect and promotional events moderating role affect innovation in clusters. Regression analyses with nonparametric bootstrapping and a large sample of Spanish clusters confirm the synergies derived from the combination of internal resources, local relationships, and complementary foreign events. Although extra-cluster linkages increase this effect, synergies creation requires attendance to international exhibitions or conventions. Valuable implications for practitioners and policy makers are discussed.Belso Martínez, JA.; Mas Verdú, F.; Roig Tierno, H. (2015). Knowledge, Promotional Events, and the Contribution of Clustering to Innovation. Journal of Promotion Management. 21(4):504-515. doi:10.1080/10496491.2015.1051407S504515214Asheim, B. T., & Isaksen, A. (2002). The Journal of Technology Transfer, 27(1), 77-86. doi:10.1023/a:1013100704794Autant-Bernard, C., Billand, P., Frachisse, D., & Massard, N. (2007). Social distance versus spatial distance in R&D cooperation: Empirical evidence from European collaboration choices in micro and nanotechnologies. Papers in Regional Science, 86(3), 495-519. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2007.00132.xBathelt, H., Malmberg, A., & Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31-56. doi:10.1191/0309132504ph469oaBathelt, H., & Schuldt, N. (2008). Between Luminaires and Meat Grinders: International Trade Fairs as Temporary Clusters. Regional Studies, 42(6), 853-868. doi:10.1080/00343400701543298Boschma, R. (2005). Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment. Regional Studies, 39(1), 61-74. doi:10.1080/0034340052000320887Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128. doi:10.2307/2393553Geigenmüller, A. (2010). The role of virtual trade fairs in relationship value creation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 25(4), 284-292. doi:10.1108/08858621011038243Giner, J. M., & María, M. J. S. (2002). ‘Territorial systems of small firms in Spain: an analysis of productive and organizational characteristics in industrial districts’. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 14(3), 211-228. doi:10.1080/08985620210136009Giuliani, E., & Bell, M. (2005). The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation: evidence from a Chilean wine cluster. Research Policy, 34(1), 47-68. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.10.008Hervas-Oliver, J.-L., & Albors-Garrigos, J. (2008). The role of the firm’s internal and relational capabilities in clusters: when distance and embeddedness are not enough to explain innovation. Journal of Economic Geography, 9(2), 263-283. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbn033Lagendijk, A., & Lorentzen, A. (2007). Proximity, Knowledge and Innovation in Peripheral Regions. On the Intersection between Geographical and Organizational Proximity. European Planning Studies, 15(4), 457-466. doi:10.1080/09654310601133260Ling-yee, L. (2006). Relationship learning at trade shows: Its antecedents and consequences. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(2), 166-177. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.03.006Lorentzen, A. (2007). The Geography of Knowledge Sourcing—A Case Study of Polish Manufacturing Enterprises. 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Recognize Geometry Shapes through Computer Learning in Early Math Skills

One form of early mathematical recognition is to introduce the concept of geometric shapes. Geometry is an important scientific discipline for present and future life by developing various ways that fit 21st century skills. This study aims to overcome the problem of early mathematical recognition of early childhood on geometry, especially how to recognize geometric forms based on computer learning. A total of 24 children aged 4-5 years in kindergarten has to carrying out 2 research cycles with a total of 5 meetings. Treatment activities in each learning cycle include mentioning, grouping and imitating geometric shapes. There were only 7 children who were able to recognize the geometric shapes in the pre-research cycle (29.2%). An increase in the number of children who are able to do activities well in each research cycle includes: 1) The activities mentioned in the first cycle and 75% in the second cycle; 2) Classifying activities in the first cycle were 37.5% and 75% in the second cycle; 3) Imitation activities in the first cycle 54.2% and 79.2% in the second cycle. The results of data acquisition show that computer learning application can improve the ability to recognize geometric shapes, this is because computer learning provides software that has activities to recognize geometric shapes with the animation and visuals displayed. Keywords: Early Childhood Computer Learning, Geometry Forms, Early Math Skills Reference Alia, T., & Irwansyah. (2018). Pendampingan Orang Tua pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Penggunaan Teknologi Digital. A Journal of Language, Literature, Culture and Education, 14(1), 65– 78. https://doi.org/10.19166/pji.v14i1.639 Ameliola, S., & Nugraha, H. D. (2013). 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How to use Loose-Parts in STEAM? Early Childhood Educators Focus Group discussion in Indonesia

In recent years, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) has received wide attention. STEAM complements early childhood learning needs in honing 2nd century skills. This study aims to introduce a loose section in early childhood learning to pre-service teachers and then to explore their perceptions of how to use loose parts in supporting STEAM. The study design uses qualitative phenomenological methods. FGDs (Focus Group Discussions) are used as data collection instruments. The findings point to two main themes that emerged from the discussion: a loose section that supports freedom of creation and problem solving. Freedom clearly supports science, mathematics and arts education while problem solving significantly supports engineering and technology education. Keywords: Early Childhood Educators, Loose-part, STEAM References: Allen, A. (2016). Don’t Fear STEM: You Already Teach It! Exchange, (231), 56–59. Ansberry, B. K., & Morgan, E. (2019). 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Teacher-directed versus child-centred : the challenge of promoting creativity in Chinese preschool classrooms. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 1366(January), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2016.1217253 Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2016). Math, Science, and Technology in the Early Grades. The Future of Children, 26(2), 75–94. Cloward Drown, K. (2014). Dramatic lay affordances of natural and manufactured outdoor settings for preschoolaged children. Dejarnette, N. K. (2018). Early Childhood Steam: Reflections From a Year of Steam Initiatives Implemented in a High-Needs Primary School. Education, 139(2), 96–112. DiGironimo, N. (2011). What is technology? Investigating student conceptions about the nature of technology. International Journal of Science Education, 33(10), 1337–1352. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2010.495400 Dugger, W. E., & Naik, N. (2001). Clarifying Misconceptions between Technology Education and Educational Technology. The Technology Teacher, 61(1), 31–35. Eeuwijk, P. Van, & Zuzana, A. (2017). How to Conduct a Focus Group Discussion ( FGD ) Methodological Manual. Flannigan, C., & Dietze, B. (2018). Children, Outdoor Play, and Loose Parts. Journal of Childhood Studies, 42(4), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v42i4.18103 Fleer, M. (1998). The Preparation of Australian Teachers in Technology Education : Developing The Preparation of Australian Teachers in Technology Education : Developing Professionals Not Technicians. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education & Development, 1(2), 25–31. Freitas, H., Oliveira, M., Jenkins, M., & Popjoy, O. (1998). The focus group, a qualitative research method: Reviewing the theory, and providing guidelines to its planning. In ISRC, Merrick School of Business, University of Baltimore (MD, EUA)(Vol. 1). Gomes, J., & Fleer, M. (2019). The Development of a Scientific Motive : How Preschool Science and Home Play Reciprocally Contribute to Science Learning. 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PENGARUH PERSONAL BRANDING ‘JEROME POLIN’ TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MINUMAN KEKINIAN ‘MENANTEA’ DI PONTIANAK DENGAN CITRA MEREK SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh Personal Branding ‘Jerome Polin’ terhadap Keputusan Pembelian minuman kekinian ‘Menantea’ di Pontianak dengan Citra Merek sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner melalui aplikasi Google Form. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Menantea di Kota Pontianak dengan 100 sampel yang diteliti. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling dan penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis yaitu path analysis (analisis jalur) beserta sobel test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Personal Branding ‘Jerome Polin’ berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Citra Merek, Personal Branding ‘Jerome Polin’ berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian, Citra Merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian, dan Citra Merek mampu menjadi variabel yang memediasi Personal Branding ‘Jerome Polin’ terhadap Keputusan Pembelian.Kata Kunci : Personal Branding, Citra Merek, Keputusan Pembelian ReferensiAaker, D. A. (2010). Manajemen Ekuitas Merek, alih Bahasa: Aris Ananda. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Mitra Utama.Abu-Bader, S., & Jones, T. V. (2021). Statistical Mediation Analysis Using the Sobel Test and Hayes SPSS Process Macro. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, 9(1), 42–61.Albar, B. B., Yonaldi, S., & Delvi, D. (2021). The Role of Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Personal Branding and University Branding on Brand Image Universitas Tamansiswa Padang. ICED-QA, EAI.Arikunto, S. 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Diakses pada 15 Oktober 2022 dari https://www.dataindustri.com/produk/data-pertumbuhan-industri-makanan-dan-minuman/Dharmmesta, Basu Swastha dan  Hani T Handoko. (2012).  Manajemen Pemasaran Analisis Perilaku Konsumen. Edisi Pertama. Cetakan Kelima. Yogyakarta: BPFE.Fadhilah, Annisa. (26 April 2021). Mengenal Menantea, Bisnis Minuman Teh Milik Jerome Polin  dan  Jehian. Akurat.co Cepat Tepat Benar. Diakses pada 15 Oktober 2022 dari https://akurat.co/amp/mengenal-menantea-bisnis-minuman-teh-milik-jerome-polin-dan-jehian  Fianto, A. Y. A., Hadiwidjojo, D., & Aisjah, S. (2014). The influence of brand image on purchase behaviour through brand trust. Business Management and Strategy, 5(2), 58.Fitriyah, I. N. (2019). Pengaruh harga, Brand Image dan personal Branding" Kaesang Pangarep" terhadap keputusan pembelian produk Sang Pisang Royal Plaza Surabaya (Doctoral dissertation, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya). Gorbatov, S., Khapova, S. N., & Lysova, E. I. (2018). 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