4 research outputs found

    Articulatory analysis of palatalised rhotics in Russian

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    The present work investigated the articulatory variation of palatalised and plain rhotics and laterals in Russian. It has often been often observed that palatalised rhotics are diachronically quite unstable, which has been attributed to the articulatory incompatibility between trilling and palatalisation. The sound changes which affected palatalised rhotics in Slavic languages can be divided into three categories (Kavitskaya 1997, Carlton 1991): 1) contrast neutralisation: palatalised /rj/ and plain /r/ merge into /r/ (Chapter 2) 2) glide insertion: /rj/ changes into a sequence of plain /r/ followed by a glide /j/ (Chapter 3) 3)spirantisation: /rj/ changes into a fricative trill /r/ or a postalveolar fricative /Z/ (Chapter 4) Although laterals and rhotics belong to the same class of liquids (Proctor 2009, Kochetov 2005), the phonological opposition between /lj/ and /l/ has been neutralised less often than between /rj/ and /r/. This thesis aimed to investigate whether the comparison between rhotics and laterals could shed light on the diachronic instability of the phonological opposition between /rj/ and /r/ and of palatalised rhotics itself

    Phonologising articulatory phonology

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    Eesti ja vene emakeelega kÔnelejate eesti keele palatalisatsiooni hÀÀldamine

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    VĂ€itekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneOlen huvitatud keele vĂ€ikseimatest tĂ€henduslikest ĂŒksustest – hÀÀlikutest. SĂ”nad koosnevad hÀÀlikutest ja sĂ”nadel on tĂ€hendus, mis vĂ”ib kergesti muutuda, kui teha vĂ€ikeseid muudatusi nende hÀÀldusviisis. Ühte sellist muudatust nimetatakse palatalisatsiooniks ehk peenenduseks. Selle kĂ€igus muutub kaashÀÀlikute hÀÀlduskoht sarnaseks lĂ€hedal asuva tĂ€ishÀÀlikuga. NĂ€iteks on meil palataliseerimise tulemusel eesti keeles hulk pealtnĂ€ha sarnaseid sĂ”napaare nagu palk (palga) ja palk (palgi) vĂ”i sulg (sulu) ning sulg (sule). Oma doktoritöös otsisin vastust kĂŒsimustele: kas kaashÀÀliku palataliseerimine hĂ”lmab ainult konkreetset kaashÀÀlikut vĂ”i on see osa suuremast kĂ”ne planeerimise protsessist ja millised on peamised hÀÀlduslikud tunnused, mis eesti keele palatalisatsiooni kirjeldavad? Uurisin ka seda, kuidas Eestis sĂŒndinud ja siin elavate vene keelt emakeelena kĂ”nelejad tulevad eesti keele palatalisatsiooniga toime. Töö lĂ€htub hĂŒpoteesist, et see on neile problemaatiline ja tekitab kĂ”neaktsenti. Keele omandamise teooriad ĂŒtlevad, et aktsent tekib, kuna me oleme oma hÀÀlduses mĂ”jutatud oma emakeelest. SeetĂ”ttu on teist keelt Ă”ppides tihti vaja oma hÀÀldust kohandada, et see vastaks Ă”pitavale keelele. AnalĂŒĂŒsin ka lĂŒhidalt hÀÀldustreeningu potentsiaali palatalisatsiooni hÀÀlduse parendamisel. Tulemustest selgus, et palatalisatsiooni planeeritakse juba alates sĂ”na algusest ning keel on juba alguses palju kĂ”rgemas asendis. Selle pĂ”hjus on seotud kĂ”ne ökonoomsuse printsiibiga. Me ĂŒritame kulutada kĂ”nelemisel vĂ€he energiat ning vĂ€ldime jĂ€rske hÀÀlduslikke hĂŒppeid, et kĂ”ne oleks sujuvam. Tööst selgus, et kĂ”ige suuremad muutused olid nĂ€ha peamiselt konsonandile eelnevas tĂ€ishÀÀlikus, mitte palataliseeritud kaashÀÀlikus endas. Andmetest oli ka nĂ€ha, et kĂ”neleja emakeelel on tema hÀÀldusele tugev mĂ”ju ning see pĂ”hjustab aktsenti. Vene emakeelega kĂ”nelejad, kes palataliseerisid eesti keele kaashÀÀlikuid, ei hÀÀldanud neid tihti nii nagu emakeelsed kĂ”nelejad. Vene emakeelega kĂ”nelejate grupis oli ka palju varieerumist – osad palataliseerisid seal, kus vaja, teised mitte. Saadud doktoritöö tulemusi vĂ”ib kasutada, et anda suuniseid keeleĂ”petajatele ja keeleĂ”ppijatele.I am interested in phonemes – the smallest meaningful units of a language. Words are made up of phonemes, and words have meanings that can easily be changed by making small adjustments in pronunciation. Sometimes the changes in vowels or consonants occur when they are adjacent to other phonemes. For instance, a consonant can be palatalized near a high vowel. Palatalization is the reason Estonian has several orthographically similar word pairs like palk (palga) and palk (palgi) or sulg (sulu) and sulg (sule). My thesis concentrated on questions like: does the palatalization of a consonant only affects the consonant itself, or is it a part of a more extensive speech planning process? What are the main articulatory properties that describe Estonian palatalization? I also wanted to know how native Russian speakers produce Estonian palatalization. The thesis is based on the hypothesis that Estonian palatalization is difficult for the native Russian learners of Estonian and contributes to their speech accent. Language acquisition models state that speech accent is present because of the effect that our native language has on our pronunciation. When we learn another language, we have to constantly adjust our pronunciation to sound more natural. The results of the thesis showed that we unconsciously plan ahead of the movements of the tongue while speaking. We are constantly trying to be economical in the way we speak, and we try to be quicker and smoother in the way we articulate words and sentences. The results also showed that the changes that palatalization caused were mainly observable in the preceding vowel. The data also showed that the native language of the speaker affects the way we produce another language and contributes to speech accent. There was a lot of variation in the native Russian group. Some speakers did not use palatalization where necessary, and others did. The ones that did palatalize had a slightly different pronunciation than native speakers.https://www.ester.ee/record=b552436
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