Nearly sign-nonsingular matrices

AbstractA real matrix A is nearly sign-nonsingular if every term in the expansion of det A but one has the same sign. We show such matrices can be put into a normal form in which all diagonal entries are negative, all other nonzero entries are positive, and the directed graph of the matrix is intercyclic. With the help of recent results of Metzlar, McCuaig, and Thomassen on intercyclic digraphs, we are able to separate the nearly sign-nonsingular matrices into five classes and to characterize each of these classes. We also obtain two results showing where real matrices having intercyclic digraphs can or cannot be signed in such a way as to belong both to the class of sign-nonsingular matrices and the class of nearly sign-nonsingular matrices

Spectra and inverse sign patterns of nearly sign-nonsingular matrices

AbstractA nearly sign-nonsingular (NSNS) matrix is a real n × n matrix having at least two nonzero terms in the expansion of its determinant with precisely one of these terms having opposite sign to all the other terms. Using graph-theoretic techniques, we study the spectra of irreducible NSNS matrices in normal form. Specifically, we show that such a matrix can have at most one nonnegative eigenvalue, and can have no nonreal eigenvalue z in the sector {z: |arg z| ⩽ κ(n − 1)}. We also derive results concerning the sign pattern of inverses of these matrices

Inversion number of an oriented graph and related parameters

International audienceLet D be an oriented graph. The inversion of a set X of vertices in D consists in reversing the direction of all arcs with both ends in X. The inversion number of D, denoted by inv(D), is the minimum number of inversions needed to make D acyclic. Denoting by τ (D), τ (D), and ν(D) the cycle transversal number, the cycle arc-transversal number and the cycle packing number of D respectively, one shows that inv(D) ≤ τ (D), inv(D) ≤ 2τ (D) and there exists a function g such that inv(D) ≤ g(ν(D)). We conjecture that for any two oriented graphs L and R, inv(L → R) = inv(L) + inv(R) where L → R is the dijoin of L and R. This would imply that the first two inequalities are tight. We prove this conjecture when inv(L) ≤ 1 and inv(R) ≤ 2 and when inv(L) = inv(R) = 2 and L and R are strongly connected. We also show that the function g of the third inequality satisfies g(1) ≤ 4. We then consider the complexity of deciding whether inv(D) ≤ k for a given oriented graph D. We show that it is NP-complete for k = 1, which together with the above conjecture would imply that it is NP-complete for every k. This contrasts with a result of Belkhechine et al. [6] which states that deciding whether inv(T) ≤ k for a given tournament T is polynomial-time solvable

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Algebras, Graphs and Ordered Sets (ALGOS 2020)

International audienceOriginating in arithmetics and logic, the theory of ordered sets is now a field of combinatorics that is intimately linked to graph theory, universal algebra and multiple-valued logic, and that has a wide range of classical applications such as formal calculus, classification, decision aid and social choice.This international conference “Algebras, graphs and ordered set” (ALGOS) brings together specialists in the theory of graphs, relational structures and ordered sets, topics that are omnipresent in artificial intelligence and in knowledge discovery, and with concrete applications in biomedical sciences, security, social networks and e-learning systems. One of the goals of this event is to provide a common ground for mathematicians and computer scientists to meet, to present their latest results, and to discuss original applications in related scientific fields. On this basis, we hope for fruitful exchanges that can motivate multidisciplinary projects.The first edition of ALgebras, Graphs and Ordered Sets (ALGOS 2020) has a particular motivation, namely, an opportunity to honour Maurice Pouzet on his 75th birthday! For this reason, we have particularly welcomed submissions in areas related to Maurice’s many scientific interests:• Lattices and ordered sets• Combinatorics and graph theory• Set theory and theory of relations• Universal algebra and multiple valued logic• Applications: formal calculus, knowledge discovery, biomedical sciences, decision aid and social choice, security, social networks, web semantics..

On disjoint directed cycles with prescribed minimum lengths

In this paper, we show that the k-Linkage problem is polynomial-time solvable for digraphs with circumference at most 2. We also show that the directed cycles of length at least 3 have the Erdős-Pósa Property : for every n, there exists an integer t_n such that for every digraph D, either D contains n disjoint directed cycles of length at least 3, or there is a set T of t_n vertices that meets every directed cycle of length at least 3. From these two results, we deduce that if F is the disjoint union of directed cycles of length at most 3, then one can decide in polynomial time if a digraph contains a subdivision of F

Splitting a tournament into two subtournaments with given minimum outdegree

A {\it $(k_1,k_2)$-outdegree-splitting} of a digraph $D$ is a partition $(V_1,V_2)$ of its vertex set such that $D[V_1]$ and $D[V_2]$ have minimum outdegree at least $k_1$ and $k_2$, respectively. We show that there exists a minimum function $f_T$ such that every tournament of minimum outdegree at least $f_T(k_1,k_2)$ has a $(k_1,k_2)$-outdegree-splitting, and $f_T(k_1,k_2) \leq k_1^2/2+3k_1/2 +k_2+1$. We also show a polynomial-time algorithm that finds a $(k_1,k_2)$-outdegree-splitting of a tournament if one exists, and returns 'no' otherwise. We give better bound on $f_T$ and faster algorithms when $k_1=1$.Un {\it $(k_1,k_2)$-partage} d'un digraphe $D$ est une partition $(V_1,V_2)$ de son ensemble de sommets telle que $D[V_1]$ et $D[V_2]$ soient de degréß sortant minimum au moins $k_1$ et $k_2$, respectivement. Nous établissons l'existence d'une fonction (minimum) $f_T$ telle que tout tournoi de degré sortant minimum au moins $f_T(k_1,k_2)$ a un $(k_1,k_2)$-partage, et que $f_T(k_1,k_2) \leq k_1^2/2+3k_1/2 +k_2+1$. Nous donnons également un algorithme en temps polynomial qui trouve un $(k_1,k_2)$-partage d'un tournoi s'il en existe un et renvoie 'non' sinon. Nous donnons de meilleures bornes sur $f_T$ et des algorithmes plus rapides pour $k_1=1$

Finding a subdivision of a prescribed digraph of order 4

International audienceThe problem of when a given digraph contains a subdivision of a fixed digraph F is considered. Bang-Jensen et al. [2] laid out foundations for approaching this problem from the algorith-mic point of view. In this paper we give further support to several open conjectures and speculations about algorithmic complexity of finding F-subdivisions. In particular, up to 5 exceptions, we completely classify for which 4-vertex digraphs F , the F-subdivision problem is polynomial-time solvable and for which it is NP-complete. While all NP-hardness proofs are made by reduction from some version of the 2-linkage problem in digraphs, some of the polynomial-time solvable cases involve relatively complicated algorithms