272 research outputs found
The Role of the Internet of Things in Network Resilience
Disasters lead to devastating structural damage not only to buildings and
transport infrastructure, but also to other critical infrastructure, such as
the power grid and communication backbones. Following such an event, the
availability of minimal communication services is however crucial to allow
efficient and coordinated disaster response, to enable timely public
information, or to provide individuals in need with a default mechanism to post
emergency messages. The Internet of Things consists in the massive deployment
of heterogeneous devices, most of which battery-powered, and interconnected via
wireless network interfaces. Typical IoT communication architectures enables
such IoT devices to not only connect to the communication backbone (i.e. the
Internet) using an infrastructure-based wireless network paradigm, but also to
communicate with one another autonomously, without the help of any
infrastructure, using a spontaneous wireless network paradigm. In this paper,
we argue that the vast deployment of IoT-enabled devices could bring benefits
in terms of data network resilience in face of disaster. Leveraging their
spontaneous wireless networking capabilities, IoT devices could enable minimal
communication services (e.g. emergency micro-message delivery) while the
conventional communication infrastructure is out of service. We identify the
main challenges that must be addressed in order to realize this potential in
practice. These challenges concern various technical aspects, including
physical connectivity requirements, network protocol stack enhancements, data
traffic prioritization schemes, as well as social and political aspects
Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions
Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to
address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information
flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs
offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers,
involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems.
SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the
grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises
in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the
tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things
(IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the
generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by
incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as
well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such
devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG
systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes
of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues,
challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems
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A lightweight framework for secure life-logging in smart environments
As the world becomes an interconnected network where objects and humans interact with each other, new challenges and threats appear in the ecosystem. In this interconnected world, smart objects have an important role in giving users the chance for life-logging in smart environments. However, smart devices have several limitations with regards to memory, resources and computation power, hindering the opportunity to apply well-established security algorithms and techniques for secure life-logging on the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. The need for secure and trustworthy life-logging in smart environments is vital, thus, a lightweight approach has to be considered to overcome the constraints of smart objects. The purpose of this paper is to present in details the current topics of life-logging in smart environments, while describing interconnection issues, security threats and suggesting a lightweight framework for ensuring security, privacy and trustworthy life-logging. In order to investigate the efficiency of the lightweight framework and the impact of the security attacks on energy consumption, an experimental test-bed was developed including two interconnected users and one smart attacker, who attempts to intercept transmitted messages or interfere with the communication link. Several mitigation factors, such as power control, channel assignment and AES-128 encryption were pplied for secure life-logging. Finally, research into the degradation of the consumed energy regarding the described intrusions is presented
A survey on subjecting electronic product code and non-ID objects to IP identification
Over the last decade, both research on the Internet of Things (IoT) and
real-world IoT applications have grown exponentially. The IoT provides us with
smarter cities, intelligent homes, and generally more comfortable lives.
However, the introduction of these devices has led to several new challenges
that must be addressed. One of the critical challenges facing interacting with
IoT devices is to address billions of devices (things) around the world,
including computers, tablets, smartphones, wearable devices, sensors, and
embedded computers, and so on. This article provides a survey on subjecting
Electronic Product Code and non-ID objects to IP identification for IoT
devices, including their advantages and disadvantages thereof. Different
metrics are here proposed and used for evaluating these methods. In particular,
the main methods are evaluated in terms of their: (i) computational overhead,
(ii) scalability, (iii) adaptability, (iv) implementation cost, and (v) whether
applicable to already ID-based objects and presented in tabular format.
Finally, the article proves that this field of research will still be ongoing,
but any new technique must favorably offer the mentioned five evaluative
parameters.Comment: 112 references, 8 figures, 6 tables, Journal of Engineering Reports,
Wiley, 2020 (Open Access
Crocs: Cross-Technology Clock Synchronization for WiFi and ZigBee
Clock synchronization is a key function in embedded wireless systems and
networks. This issue is equally important and more challenging in IoT systems
nowadays, which often include heterogeneous wireless devices that follow
different wireless standards. Conventional solutions to this problem employ
gateway-based indirect synchronization, which suffers low accuracy. This paper
for the first time studies the problem of cross-technology clock
synchronization. Our proposal called Crocs synchronizes WiFi and ZigBee devices
by direct cross-technology communication. Crocs decouples the synchronization
signal from the transmission of a timestamp. By incorporating a barker-code
based beacon for time alignment and cross-technology transmission of
timestamps, Crocs achieves robust and accurate synchronization among WiFi and
ZigBee devices, with the synchronization error lower than 1 millisecond. We
further make attempts to implement different cross-technology communication
methods in Crocs and provide insight findings with regard to the achievable
accuracy and expected overhead
The use of Sensor Networks to create smart environments
Internet of Things is taking the world in order to be the next big thing since
the Internet, with almost every object being connected to gather data and allow
control through mobile and web devices. But this revolution has some barriers
with the lack of standardization in communications or sensors.
In this dissertation we present a proposal of a system dedicated to creating
smart environments using sensor networks, with a practical application developed
to achieve automation, efficiency and versatility, allowing real-time monitoring
and remote control of any object or environment improving user experience, tasks
efficiency and leading to costs reduction. The developed system, that includes
software and hardware, is based on adaptive and Artificial Intelligence algorithms
and low cost IoT devices, taking advantage of the best communication protocols,
allowing the developed system to be suited and easily adapted to any specification
by any person.
We evaluate the best communication and devices for the desired implementa
tion and demonstrate how to create all the network nodes, including the build of
a custom IoT Gateway and Sensor Node. We also demonstrate the efficiency of
the developed system in real case scenarios.
The main contributions of our study are the design and implementation of
a novel architecture for adaptive IoT projects focus on environment efficiency,
with practical demonstration, as well as comparison study for the best suited
communication protocols for low cost IoT devices.A Internet of Things está a atingir o mundo de modo a tornar-se a próxima
grande revolução depois da Internet, com quase todos os objectos a estarem ligados
para recolher dados e permitir o controlo através de dispositivos móveis. Mas esta
revolução depara-se com vários desafios devido à falta de standards no que toca a
comunicações ou sensores.
Nesta dissertação apresentamos uma proposta para um sistema dedicado a
criar ambientes inteligentes usando redes de sensores, com uma aplicação prática
desenvolvida para oferecer automação, eficiência e versatilidade, permitindo uma
monitorização e controlo remoto seguro em tempo real de qualquer objecto ou
ambiente, melhorando assim a experiência do utilizador e a eficiência das tarefas
evando a redução de custos. O sistema desenvolvido, que inclui software e hard
ware, usa algoritmos adaptáveis com Inteligência Artificial e dispositivos IoT de
baixo custo, utilizando os melhores protocolos de comunicação, permitindo que
o mesmo seja apropriado e facilmente adaptado para qualquer especificação por
qualquer pessoa.
Avaliamos os melhores métodos de comunicação e dispositivos necessários para
a implementação e demonstramos como criar todos os nós da rede, incluindo a
construção de IoT Gateway e Sensor Node personalizados. Demonstramos também
a eficácia do sistema desenvolvido através da aplicação do mesmo em casos reais.
As principais contribuições do nosso estudo passam pelo desenho e implemen
tação de uma nova arquitectura para projectos adaptáveis de IoT com foco na
eficiência do objecto, incluindo a demonstração pratica, tal como um estudo com
parativo sobre os melhores protocolos de comunicação para dispositivos IoT de
baixo custo
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