31,214 research outputs found
Toward an Interactive Directory for Norfolk, Nebraska: 1899-1900
We describe steps toward an interactive directory for the town of Norfolk,
Nebraska for the years 1899 and 1900. This directory would extend the
traditional city directory by including a wider range of entities being
described, much richer information about the entities mentioned and linkages to
mentions of the entities in material such as digitized historical newspapers.
Such a directory would be useful to readers who browse the historical
newspapers by providing structured summaries of the entities mentioned. We
describe the occurrence of entities in two years of the Norfolk Weekly News,
focusing on several individuals to better understand the types of information
which can be gleaned from historical newspapers and other historical materials.
We also describe a prototype program which coordinates information about
entities from the traditional city directories, the federal census, and from
newspapers. We discuss the structured coding for these entities, noting that
richer coding would increasingly include descriptions of events and scenarios.
We propose that rich content about individuals and communities could eventually
be modeled with agents and woven into historical narratives
Mining for Culture: Reaching Out of Range
The goal of this paper is to present a tool that will sustain the
development of culturally relevant computing artifacts by
providing an effective means of detecting culture identities and
cultures of participation. Culturally relevant designs rely heavily
on how culture impacts design and though the guidelines for
producing culturally relevant objects provide a mechanism for
incorporating culture in the design, there still requires an effective
method for garnering and identifying said cultures that reflects a
holistic view of the target audience. This tool presents culturally
relevant designs as a process of communicating with key
audiences and thus bridging people and technology in a way that
once seemed out of range
Network Archaeology: Uncovering Ancient Networks from Present-day Interactions
Often questions arise about old or extinct networks. What proteins interacted
in a long-extinct ancestor species of yeast? Who were the central players in
the Last.fm social network 3 years ago? Our ability to answer such questions
has been limited by the unavailability of past versions of networks. To
overcome these limitations, we propose several algorithms for reconstructing a
network's history of growth given only the network as it exists today and a
generative model by which the network is believed to have evolved. Our
likelihood-based method finds a probable previous state of the network by
reversing the forward growth model. This approach retains node identities so
that the history of individual nodes can be tracked. We apply these algorithms
to uncover older, non-extant biological and social networks believed to have
grown via several models, including duplication-mutation with complementarity,
forest fire, and preferential attachment. Through experiments on both synthetic
and real-world data, we find that our algorithms can estimate node arrival
times, identify anchor nodes from which new nodes copy links, and can reveal
significant features of networks that have long since disappeared.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
Personalization by Partial Evaluation.
The central contribution of this paper is to model personalization by the programmatic notion of partial evaluation.Partial evaluation is a technique used to automatically specialize programs, given incomplete information about their input.The methodology presented here models a collection of information resources as a program (which abstracts the underlying schema of organization and flow of information),partially evaluates the program with respect to user input,and recreates a personalized site from the specialized program.This enables a customizable methodology called PIPE that supports the automatic specialization of resources,without enumerating the interaction sequences beforehand .Issues relating to the scalability of PIPE,information integration,sessioniz-ling scenarios,and case studies are presented
Condition monitoring of an advanced gas-cooled nuclear reactor core
A critical component of an advanced gas-cooled reactor station is the graphite core. As a station ages, the graphite bricks that comprise the core can distort and may eventually crack. Since the core cannot be replaced, the core integrity ultimately determines the station life. Monitoring these distortions is usually restricted to the routine outages, which occur every few years, as this is the only time that the reactor core can be accessed by external sensing equipment. This paper presents a monitoring module based on model-based techniques using measurements obtained during the refuelling process. A fault detection and isolation filter based on unknown input observer techniques is developed. The role of this filter is to estimate the friction force produced by the interaction between the wall of the fuel channel and the fuel assembly supporting brushes. This allows an estimate to be made of the shape of the graphite bricks that comprise the core and, therefore, to monitor any distortion on them
Participatory Transformations
Learning, in its many forms, from the classroom to independent study, is being transformed by new practices emerging around Internet use. Conversation, participation and community have become watchwords for the processes of learning promised by the Internet and accomplished via technologies such as bulletin boards, wikis, blogs, social software and repositories, devices such as laptops, cell phones and digital cameras, and infrastructures of internet connection, telephone, wireless and broadband. This chapter discusses the impact of emergent, participatory trends on education. In learning and teaching participatory trends harbinge a radical transformation in who learns from whom, where, under what circumstances, and for what and whose purpose. They bring changes in where we find information, who we learn from, how learning progresses, and how we contribute to our learning and the learning of others. These trends indicate a transformation to "ubiquitous learning" ??? a continuous anytime, anywhere, anyone contribution and retrieval of learning materials and advice on and through the Internet and its technologies, niches and social spaces.not peer reviewe
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