Signaling Elaboration: Combining French Gerund Clauses with Lexical Cohesion Cues

International audienceDans cet article, nous nous focalisons sur la relation d'Élaboration en français, telle qu'elle est décrite dans le modèle théorique de la SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory), et sur son identification automatique. Selon la SDRT, une des sources d'information permettant d'inférer la relation d'Élaboration est basée sur l'existence d'un lien de subsomption entre les types des éventualités des segments à relier, indiquant que le type de la seconde éventualité est un sous-type de celui de la première dans la sémantique lexicale des éventualités ou grâce à des connaissances du monde. Nous proposons de contribuer à cette question en combinant un indice de la relation d'Élaboration, i. e. la construction syntaxique du gérondif, et des indices de cohésion lexicale. Notre objectif est d'identifier automatiquement des propositions gérondives qui sont des Élaborations en repérant des indices de cohésion lexicale entre la proposition principale et la proposition gérondive. Cette approche permet de détecter avec précision des cas d'Élaboration dans notre corpus, validant le fait que les indices de cohésion lexicale sont pertinents pour cette tâche

Nuclear Relations: Retention, Shift, and Quality in Supply Chain Perspectives

Abstract- This study aims to propose an improved trading environment for purchasing low material and alternatives to reform supply chain management among firms which are the parts manufacturers of nuclear industry. One of the means of construing experience is how elements of nuclear relations are constructed within linguistic constructions. Configurations of nuclear relation elements can be different from one language to another because of different grammar rules. As a particular construction is translated, the configurations may be retained or shifted. This study explores retention and shift of nuclear relation configurations as a result of translation and the effect on translation quality in a supply chain for language translation. Clauses and nominal groups in the original novel Percy Jackson portraying the main character’s character and their Indonesian translation are investigated to reveal how the nuclear relation configurations are retained or shifted in the target language. Further, the correspondence of shift and retention and the accuracy and acceptability of the translation is investigated. The results reveal that nuclear relation configuration does not have direct impact on the accuracy of the translation. The configuration tends to be closer to the acceptability of the translation. Nuclear relation configuration can be retained whenever grammar rules allow in translating from English to Indonesian and be reformulated in situations which require shifts

Introduction and overview: crime (fiction) in translation

This is an introduction to definitions of crime fiction, its sub-genres, key features and how these impact on and shape translation strategies. It considers the status quo of research into the field and suggests areas for future work. As an example of genre-specific translation challenges, a more detailed discussion of Inge Löhnig’s novel So unselig schön(2011) considers how lexical cohesion and intertextual allusions are used to generate clues, create character constructs, and manage suspense and considers what challenges this network of key words and allusions creates for translation. The introduction concludes with a short summary of the articles in this issue

The role of metaphor in shaping the identity and agenda of the United Nations: the imagining of an international community and international threat

This article examines the representation of the United Nations in speeches delivered by its Secretary General. It focuses on the role of metaphor in constructing a common ‘imagining’ of international diplomacy and legitimising an international organisational identity. The SG legitimises the organisation, in part, through the delegitimisation of agents/actions/events constructed as threatening to the international community and to the well-being of mankind. It is a desire to combat the forces of menace or evil which are argued to motivate and determine the organisational agenda. This is predicated upon an international ideology of humanity in which difference is silenced and ‘working towards the common good’ is emphasised. This is exploited to rouse emotions and legitimise institutional power. Polarisation and antithesis are achieved through the employment of metaphors designed to enhance positive and negative evaluations. The article further points to the constitutive, persuasive and edifying power of topic and situationally-motivated metaphors in speech-making

Case studies and case reports. Management and legal orientations to text

La linguistique ayant, depuis les années 1970 et 1980 étendu son champ d’études, pour la syntaxe, au-delà de la phrase détachée de son contexte, et pour la sémantique au-delà du mot pris isolément, l’intérêt s’est porté, inéluctablement, vers une linguistique du texte, de champ élargi, dans laquelle à la fois le mot et la phrase sont conçus comme les composantes, indissociables de leur contexte, d’une unité plus globale de communication : le discours. Cette réorientation a conduit à des essais de construction de typologies textuelles, puis à de la textologie comparée, qui étudie contrastivement différents types de textes (ou genres), pour en dégager les critères caractéristiques. Le présent article — qui est pour l’essentiel le reflet d’un travail en cours davantage qu’un apport définitif — montre comment les techniques de micro-analyse du discours spécialisé et l’approche sémiotique plus large peuvent se combiner pour mettre en évidence les similitudes et les différences entre deux genres bien distincts : le compte rendu judiciaire et l’étude de cas en gestion des entreprises.With the expansion of the scope of linguistics —in the 1970s and 80s— beyond the level of the context-free sentence in syntax and the isolated word in semantics, interest in a broader text-linguistics has (inevitably) developed in which the word and the sentence are both seen as inherently context-sensitive components of a larger communicative unit; discourse. Such a reorientation has, necessarily, led to attempts at the creation of text-typologies and, in the longer term, comparative textology where different text types are compared and contrasted and their criterial characteristics are revealed. This paper —essentially a piece of ‘work-in-progress’ rather than a finished contribution to the field— shows how the micro-level techniques of discourse analysis and the more macro-approach of semiotics can be combined to reveal the similarities and differences in two strikingly contrasting text-types; the legal case-report and the management case-study

From Clause to Function: Texts Analysis Using Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory and Its Pedagogical Implication in Language Teaching

Using Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory, this study was an attempt to investigate the metafunctions of language which are realized by register category of field, tenor, and mode existing simultaneously in texts. Employing qualitative approach with the use of discourse semantics analysis, two different selected newspaper texts were purposefully chosen as the source of data. Following the orientation of SFL, the writer modified the texts into some sentences and clauses which were subsequently analysed and compared regarding the objectives in question. The result of analysis shows that the field of texts was mostly concerned with physical actions and events employing both direct and indirect speech for the sake of information. Meanwhile, in terms of mode, Text I was more rhetoric and more detail in describing the event than text II. Yet, the level of modality in both texts was low and low in which there were not many actions of getting other people to do things. Aside from those two, this analysis revealed that the mode of both texts mostly used anaphoric types of referential cohesion indicating written mode. In the meantime, Text I had more number of conjunctions implying more explanative in giving information and cause and effect relation of the information. Of greater importance of this finding was that a paradigmatic description of context implying a meaning, system, and metafunctions of language and its pedagogical implication in language teaching

Using Lexical Chaining to Rank Protein-Protein Interactions in Biomedical Text

Abstract Biomedical information extraction is becoming an increasingly important application of Computational Linguistics research. We propose a method for analyzing full-text articles on protein interactions that takes a discourse-based approach to provide a means of ranking the biological validity of such interactions. Specifically, we use lexical chaining-strings of semantically related words-as an indicator of the validity of the protein interactions appearing in the same textual context