Garbage collection auto-tuning for Java MapReduce on Multi-Cores

MapReduce has been widely accepted as a simple programming pattern that can form the basis for efficient, large-scale, distributed data processing. The success of the MapReduce pattern has led to a variety of implementations for different computational scenarios. In this paper we present MRJ, a MapReduce Java framework for multi-core architectures. We evaluate its scalability on a four-core, hyperthreaded Intel Core i7 processor, using a set of standard MapReduce benchmarks. We investigate the significant impact that Java runtime garbage collection has on the performance and scalability of MRJ. We propose the use of memory management auto-tuning techniques based on machine learning. With our auto-tuning approach, we are able to achieve MRJ performance within 10% of optimal on 75% of our benchmark tests

The economics of garbage collection

This paper argues that economic theory can improve our understanding of memory management. We introduce the allocation curve, as an analogue of the demand curve from microeconomics. An allocation curve for a program characterises how the amount of garbage collection activity required during its execution varies in relation to the heap size associated with that program. The standard treatment of microeconomic demand curves (shifts and elasticity) can be applied directly and intuitively to our new allocation curves. As an application of this new theory, we show how allocation elasticity can be used to control the heap growth rate for variable sized heaps in Jikes RVM

Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Waste Management System

A trash compactor designed for public use is powered by a photovoltaic cell array. This allows the trash compactor to be placed in locations where no power is available, but with frequent traffic. The compaction feature allows the unit to be emptied less often than a typical trash container. The trash compactor can include a storage system to store power for compaction cycles. A removable bin allows easy removal of the compacted trash. The Solar-Powered Waste Management Bin is microcontroller based project that proposes a great improvement of a simple trash can which emphasizes the use of solar energy. The concept of this project is all about Green Engineering in which the design, commercialization and use of processes and products are feasible and economical while minimizing the risk to human health and the environment. In order to achieve the proposed project, RTC will be used

Assessing the Formal and Informal Waste Recycling Business Processes through a Stakeholders Lens in Pakistan

With this study, we aim to assess integration possibilities of formal and informal waste management approaches in a low-income country context by using recycling as a tool towards sustainability. Using a holistic approach, this study examines both formal and informal aspects of recycling value chains through a stakeholder lens. Pakistan is far from being a circular economy, as evident from the dismal levels of municipal solid waste collection and recycling. This problem calls for the effective integration of formal and informal recycling business processes to fill the void. With this study, we seek to assess various aspects of formal and informal waste recycling in Pakistan through an inductive qualitative research design by examining the case of one of the most populous cities, Lahore, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Equal representation to various stakeholders is accorded, with 25 interviews each with managers of private companies, public companies, waste pickers and scrap dealers in the target area. The study highlights that recycling sector in Pakistan is completely informal and unregulated with no or little support available due to a lack of funds and systematic planning. The empirical evidence suggests that the formal sector lacks the capacity for proper waste disposal of total waste generated. The recycling aspects are left to informal sector stakeholders who improvise to extract value from MSW in an entrepreneurial manner. The formal sector holds a bias towards informal stakeholders due to the fact that their work also serves as a theft bargain and resale platform under the guise of waste collection and recycling. The study highlights the most and least sought after recyclables, identifies gray channel markets of spare parts, metal recycling and counterfeit products, and practices of adulteration in the target area. This study recommends as a policy input, to overcome bias towards the informal sector, the creation of a central recycling commission to overlook and regulate the affairs of hitherto unregulated and informal municipal solid waste and recycling value chains

Enterprise Architecture Context Analysis Proposal

The enterprise architecture (EA) is defined as a coherent and consistent set of principles and rules that guide system design. In the EA modelling methods, an enterprise is identified with institution, business or administrative unit. The EA development methods mostly focus on the EA internal problem visualization, as well as on the procedural and different viewpoint approaches. However, in this paper, author would like to emphasize the EA context specification. The first part of the paper covers presentation of different meanings of context in information science. Next, the discussion on the EA context in related publications is included. The third part comprises a proposal of considering EA stakeholders, principles and other information technology (IT) systems as an EA context. Finally, a short case study is included for the context visualization

Sensing as a Service Model for Smart Cities Supported by Internet of Things

The world population is growing at a rapid pace. Towns and cities are accommodating half of the world's population thereby creating tremendous pressure on every aspect of urban living. Cities are known to have large concentration of resources and facilities. Such environments attract people from rural areas. However, unprecedented attraction has now become an overwhelming issue for city governance and politics. The enormous pressure towards efficient city management has triggered various Smart City initiatives by both government and private sector businesses to invest in ICT to find sustainable solutions to the growing issues. The Internet of Things (IoT) has also gained significant attention over the past decade. IoT envisions to connect billions of sensors to the Internet and expects to use them for efficient and effective resource management in Smart Cities. Today infrastructure, platforms, and software applications are offered as services using cloud technologies. In this paper, we explore the concept of sensing as a service and how it fits with the Internet of Things. Our objective is to investigate the concept of sensing as a service model in technological, economical, and social perspectives and identify the major open challenges and issues.Comment: Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 2014 (Accepted for Publication

Evaluation of Garbage Management Based on IoT

Smart Waste Monitoring: To track the amount of waste in bins and containers, IOT-enabled garbage management systems use sensors and connected devices. These sensors can communicate real-time data to a centralized monitoring system and can identify the fill level. This data aids in streamlining waste collection routes, cutting back on pointless pickups, and enhancing garbage management effectiveness as a whole. Effective Resource Allocation: By giving precise data on waste generation patterns and trends, IOT-based garbage management systems enable optimal resource allocation. This information can be used by municipal authorities to make well-informed decisions on waste collection schedules, resource deployment, and staffing levels. IOT-based waste management solutions have the potential to make trash management procedures more effective and efficient while also being more affordable. The best garbage collection routes, operational cost reductions, and resource utilization may all be achieved with the aid of research into the best deployment strategies for IOT sensors and devices. Environmental Impact and Sustainability: Research Objective: Clearly identify the research objective, for example, by assessing how well IOT-based garbage management systems gather waste and allocate resources. Data gathering: Compile pertinent information on the methods used for trash generation, collection, and resource use. On-site observations, employee interviews, and database access for waste management operations are all effective ways to accomplish this. Gather information on IOT sensor technologies and their capabilities as well. Taken As alternative for Smart Waste Bins, Waste Level, Sensors, AI Recycling, Robots, E-Waste Kiosks. Taken for Evaluation preference is Reliability, Mobility, Service Continuity, User Convenience., and Energy Efficiency. Smart Waste Bins has performed more when compare to with other Real-Time Monitoring: The Internet of Things (IOT) can be used in waste management to enable real-time monitoring of trash cans or bins can be used to enhance garbage sorting procedures. Smart bins with cameras and sensors can automatically recognize and sort various types of rubbish. These smart bins can identify and categorise rubbish by utilizing IOT technology.  on their material composition or recycling category