231,201 research outputs found

    Hybrid and Intelligent Energy Storage Systems in Standalone Photovoltaic Applications.

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    Remote systems such as communication relays or irrigation control installations cannot usually be powered by the electrical grid. One of the alternatives is to power these systems through solar panels, in what is known as standalone photovoltaic applications.Most of these systems need a continuous operation, but a standalone photovoltaic installation cannot be powered during the night. For this reason, they use batteries to store excess energy during the day. These storage systems have been traditionally based on Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries, but some effects can alter their performance in terms of reliability, operation cost and maintenance. One of the key issues that alter the energy behavior of the photovoltaic off-grid systems is the Partial State of Charge (PSoC) effect: Batteries cannot be completely charged as manufacturers indicate due to the day-night cycle. This gets the battery into an intermediate state of charge that effectively reduces its capacity, even halving it in some cases. To mitigate the impact of these effects on the installation, batteries tend to be oversized with some security margins. These oversizing factors can be incredibly high and have a huge impact on the deployment and maintenance cost of the facility.The first part of this thesis highlights some of these key concepts, analyzing which of them are critical in specific design cases, modeling them into a simulation tool, and as an outcome, establishing optimal sizing regions for the installations. After the analysis, different ways of improving the performance of the installations are proposed. One idea to mitigate PSoC is to combine different storage technologies in a Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS). HESSs have traditionally combined high energy density elements as batteries with high power density elements as ultracapacitors. An iteration of this idea is carried out throughout this thesis, where different types of batteries are combined. Each of them is best fitted to different power patterns in the application, such as daily cycles or emergency periods. It is possible to further increase the performance by using intelligent algorithms to improve the functionalities of the Battery Management Systems embedded in these applications. To this end, failure prediction and health estimation algorithms are proposed as contributions of this work. These new algorithms endow the HESS with tools to predict possible energy disruption events and to anticipate aging, and thus, act accordingly.<br /

    Spatial Information Storage

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    The article describes the spatial information storage, shows the features of spatial information and of such storage systems formation. Requirements for information storage technologies and for the data management in storage systems are determined. Cartographic information storage and updating features are shown. The article proves that intelligent solutions are the most efficient means of working with large amounts of spatial data

    A review: intelligent controllers for tropical food storage system

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    Food security can be assured by improving on post harvest storage methods. Food stored under improper storage conditions are prone to increased respiration and transpiration processes which often result in depletion and weight loss of edible material. Storage temperature and relative humidity are major factors that ultimately determine product quality and quantity. This paper presents a survey on methods of post harvest storage systems. The indigenous methods of tropical food storage common to the West African region are discussed. The attendant problems associated with these methods are highlighted. Intelligent control methods are also discussed. A novel intelligent controller is proposed to sustain product quality and quantity by optimizing the storage process

    A review: Intelligent controllers for tropical food storage system

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    Food security can be assured by improving on post harvest storage methods. Food stored under improper storage conditions are prone to increased respiration and transpiration processes which often result in depletion and weight loss of edible material. Storage temperature and relative humidity are major factors that ultimately determine product quality and quantity. This paper presents a survey on methods of post harvest storage systems. The indigenous methods of tropical food storage common to the West African region are discussed. The attendant problems associated with these methods are highlighted. Intelligent control methods are also discussed. A novel intelligent controller is proposed to sustain product quality and quantity by optimizing the storage process

    Advanced satellite workstation: An integrated workstation environment for operational support of satellite system planning and analysis

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    A prototype integrated environment, the Advanced Satellite Workstation (ASW), is described that has been developed and delivered for evaluation and operator feedback in an operational satellite control center. The current ASW hardware consists of a Sun Workstation and Macintosh II Workstation connected via an ethernet Network Hardware and Software, Laser Disk System, Optical Storage System, and Telemetry Data File Interface. The central mission of ASW is to provide an intelligent decision support and training environment for operator/analysts of complex systems such as satellites. There have been many workstation implementations recently which incorporate graphical telemetry displays and expert systems. ASW is a considerably broader look at intelligent, integrated environments for decision support, based upon the premise that the central features of such an environment are intelligent data access and integrated toolsets. A variety of tools have been constructed in support of this prototype environment including: an automated pass planner for scheduling vehicle support activities, architectural modeler for hierarchical simulation and analysis of satellite vehicle subsystems, multimedia-based information systems that provide an intuitive and easily accessible interface to Orbit Operations Handbook and other relevant support documentation, and a data analysis architecture that integrates user modifiable telemetry display systems, expert systems for background data analysis, and interfaces to the multimedia system via inter-process communication

    Intelligent Sensors: Strategies for an Integrated Systems Approach

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    This paper proposes the development of intelligent sensors as an integrated systems approach, i.e. one treats the sensors as a complete system with its own sensing hardware (the traditional sensor), A/D converters, processing and storage capabilities, software drivers, self-assessment algorithms, communication protocols and evolutionary methodologies that allow them to get better with time. Under a project being undertaken at the Stennis Space Center, an integrated framework is being developed for the intelligent monitoring of smart elements. These smart elements can be sensors, actuators or other devices. The immediate application is the monitoring of the rocket test stands, but the technology should be generally applicable to the Intelligent Systems Health Monitoring (ISHM) vision. This paper outlines progress made in the development of intelligent sensors by describing the work done till date on Physical Intelligent Sensors (PIS) and Virtual Intelligent Sensors (VIS)

    Using Intelligent Prefetching to Reduce the Energy Consumption of a Large-scale Storage System

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    Many high performance large-scale storage systems will experience significant workload increases as their user base and content availability grow over time. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) center hosts one such system that has recently undergone a period of rapid growth as its user population grew nearly 400% in just about three years. When administrators of these massive storage systems face the challenge of meeting the demands of an ever increasing number of requests, the easiest solution is to integrate more advanced hardware to existing systems. However, additional investment in hardware may significantly increase the system cost as well as daily power consumption. In this paper, we present evidence that well-selected software level optimization is capable of achieving comparable levels of performance without the cost and power consumption overhead caused by physically expanding the system. Specifically, we develop intelligent prefetching algorithms that are suitable for the unique workloads and user behaviors of the world\u27s largest satellite images distribution system managed by USGS EROS. Our experimental results, derived from real-world traces with over five million requests sent by users around the globe, show that the EROS hybrid storage system could maintain the same performance with over 30% of energy savings by utilizing our proposed prefetching algorithms, compared to the alternative solution of doubling the size of the current FTP server farm

    Cybersecurity Planning for Artificial Intelligent Systems in Space

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    CubeSats continue to proliferate and are an excellent low-cost method of remote sensing. A key piece of intelligent systems is sensory input, data storage, and data communications. With the continued miniaturization of technology, CubeSats will increase their sensory inputs with future miniaturization and enhance their robustness for autonomous operations if data and communications are secure. These futures inspire an intelligent system solution to on-orbit communications. This paper explores a dual-microprocessor approach to improve hardware cybersecurity of intelligent systems, with a view toward intensional intelligence as a means of adjudicating access to sensitive data onboard the CubeSat. With enhanced cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligent Systems (AIS) will add vital utility to otherwise vulnerable, autonomous systems. Using Systems Models-Based Thinking, we shed light on our plan to apply artificial intelligent system concepts to advance CubeSat technology. Managing technology for AIS reduces some of the uncertainties and risks associated with the space environment
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