An Institutional Framework for Heterogeneous Formal Development in UML

We present a framework for formal software development with UML. In contrast to previous approaches that equip UML with a formal semantics, we follow an institution based heterogeneous approach. This can express suitable formal semantics of the different UML diagram types directly, without the need to map everything to one specific formalism (let it be first-order logic or graph grammars). We show how different aspects of the formal development process can be coherently formalised, ranging from requirements over design and Hoare-style conditions on code to the implementation itself. The framework can be used to verify consistency of different UML diagrams both horizontally (e.g., consistency among various requirements) as well as vertically (e.g., correctness of design or implementation w.r.t. the requirements)

UML Interactions Meet State Machines - An Institutional Approach

UML allows the multi-viewpoint modelling of systems. One important question is whether an interaction as specified by a sequence diagram can be actually realised in the system. Here, the latter is specified as a combination of several state machines (one for each lifeline in the interaction) by a composite structure diagram. In order to tackle this question, we formalise the involved UML diagram types as institutions, and their relations as institution (co)morphisms

An Institution for Simple UML State Machines

We present an institution for UML state machines without hierarchical states. The interaction with UML class diagrams is handled via institutions for guards and actions, which provide dynamic components of states (such as valuations of attributes) but abstract away from details of class diagrams. We also study a notion of interleaving product, which captures the interaction of several state machines. The interleaving product construction is the basis for a semantics of composite structure diagrams, which can be used to specify the interaction of state machines. This work is part of a larger effort to build a framework for formal software development with UML, based on a heterogeneous approach using institutions.Comment: 24 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1403.774

Semantic Model Alignment for Business Process Integration

Business process models describe an enterprise’s way of conducting business and in this form the basis for shaping the organization and engineering the appropriate supporting or even enabling IT. Thereby, a major task in working with models is their analysis and comparison for the purpose of aligning them. As models can differ semantically not only concerning the modeling languages used, but even more so in the way in which the natural language for labeling the model elements has been applied, the correct identification of the intended meaning of a legacy model is a non-trivial task that thus far has only been solved by humans. In particular at the time of reorganizations, the set-up of B2B-collaborations or mergers and acquisitions the semantic analysis of models of different origin that need to be consolidated is a manual effort that is not only tedious and error-prone but also time consuming and costly and often even repetitive. For facilitating automation of this task by means of IT, in this thesis the new method of Semantic Model Alignment is presented. Its application enables to extract and formalize the semantics of models for relating them based on the modeling language used and determining similarities based on the natural language used in model element labels. The resulting alignment supports model-based semantic business process integration. The research conducted is based on a design-science oriented approach and the method developed has been created together with all its enabling artifacts. These results have been published as the research progressed and are presented here in this thesis based on a selection of peer reviewed publications comprehensively describing the various aspects

MC2: MPEG-7 content modelling communities

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityThe use of multimedia content on the web has grown significantly in recent years. Websites such as Facebook, YouTube and Flickr cater for enormous amounts of multimedia content uploaded by users. This vast amount of multimedia content requires comprehensive content modelling otherwise retrieving relevant content will be challenging. Modelling multimedia content can be an extremely time consuming task that may seem impossible particularly when undertaken by individual users. However, the advent of Web 2.0 and associated communities, such as YouTube and Flickr, has shown that users appear to be more willing to collaborate in order to take on enormous tasks such as multimedia content modelling. Harnessing the power of communities to achieve comprehensive content modelling is the primary focus of this research. The aim of this thesis is to explore collaborative multimedia content modelling and in particular the effectiveness of existing multimedia content modelling tools, taking into account the key development challenges of existing collaborative content modelling research and the associated modelling tools. Four research objectives are pursued in order to achieve this; first, design a user experiment to study users’ tagging behaviour with existing multimedia tagging tools and identify any relationships between such user behaviour; second, design and develop a framework for MPEG-7 content modelling communities based on the results of the experiment; third, implement an online service as a proof of concept of the framework; fourth, validate the framework through the online service during a repeat of the initial user experiment. This research contributes first, a conceptual model of user behaviour visualised as a fuzzy cognitive map and, second, an MPEG-7 framework for multimedia content modelling communities (MC2) and its proof of concept as an online service. The fuzzy cognitive model embodies relationships between user tagging behaviour and context and provides an understanding of user priorities in the description of content features and the relationships that exist between them. The MC2 framework, developed based on the fuzzy cognitive model, is deep-rooted in user content modelling behaviour and content preferences. A proof of concept of the MC2 framework is implemented as an online service in which all metadata is modelled using MPEG-7. The online service is validated, first, empirically with the same group of users and through the same experiment that led to the development of the fuzzy cognitive model and, second, functionally against the folksonomy and MPEG-7 content modelling tools used in the initial experiment. The validation demonstrates that MC2 has the advantages without the shortcomings of existing multimedia tagging tools by harnessing the ease of use of folksonomy tools while producing comprehensive structured metadata.Supported by UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC

Diseño de organizaciones virtuales ubícuas utilizando desarrollo dirigido por modelos

Hoy en día los avances en la miniaturización de sistemas electrónicos han impulsado el desarrollo de dispositivos o artefactos que incorporan capacidades computacionales y de comunicación. Estos dispositivos pueden proveer de una serie de servicios en diferentes entornos gracias a su tecnología empotrada, como por ejemplo: reconocimiento de personas, localización de usuarios en un entorno, ajuste automático de la temperatura e iluminación de un entorno, etc. Este potencial de procesamiento y comunicación, está permitiendo crear nuevas aplicaciones distribuidas, donde el rol principal no lo tiene el computador personal, sino los diferentes dispositivos empotrados en el entorno: sensores, interfaces, actuadores, teléfonos móviles, etc., Esto ha generado novedosas áreas de aplicación como: Internet de Cosas (Internet of Things), Computación Móvil, Redes de Sensores, Sistemas Ubícuos, Inteligencia Ambiental, etc. Estos avances han conducido al desarrollo de un nuevo paradigma, computación orientada a la interacción, es decir, la computación ocurre a través de los actos de comunicación entre las entidades. Por lo tanto, es lógico pensar que este paradigma requiere, desde un punto de vista de diseño, el desarrollo de aplicaciones en diferentes plataformas de software y de hardware, debido a lo heterogeneo de los sistemas de computación, lenguajes, sistemas operativos, y objetos (dispositivos físicos: sensores, actuadores, interfaces, etc.) dispersos en el entorno. Dicha heterogeneidad presente en los sistemas ubícuos, representa todo un reto a la hora de diseñarlos. La ingeniería de software basada en sistemas multi-agente, en particular, los sistemas multi-agente abiertos (como las Organizaciones Virtuales), tiene la capacidad de abordar los retos al diseñar sistemas ubícuos. A ello hay que unir, que varias metodologías de desarrollo de software han adoptado el enfoque “dirigido por modelos” (model-driven) para realizar el análisis y el diseño del software. Dicho enfoque puede ser adoptado en los sistemas multi-agente, para mejorar el proceso de desarrollo y la calidad del software basado en agentes. Así mismo, el desarrollo dirigido por modelos proporciona un soporte apropiado para abordar este tipo de sistemas, ya que nos permite el uso de modelos como principal elemento abstracto para el diseño del sistema, por medio de la interconexión de un conjunto de componentes visuales. En este trabajo proponemos el desarrollo de sistemas ubícuos utilizando una organización virtual, creando una Organización Virtual Ubícua, la cual es diseñada usando el enfoque de desarrollo dirigido por modelos. De forma más detallada, este trabajo presenta tres propuestas. La primera, presenta un conjunto de meta-modelos para diseñar una Organización Virtual Ubícua, llamado πVOM, que utiliza conceptos generales que se abstraen de las metodologías y de las plataformas de agentes, lo permite diseñar aplicaciones utilizando abstracciones generales de alto nivel, evitando los detalles de implementación de bajo nivel. Así mismo, se presentan dos modelos de transformaciones, que permiten obtener el modelo de implantación de la organización (con los agentes, entidades y dispositivos), por medio de transformaciones semi-automáticas dadas por la metodología model-driven, reduciendo la brecha entre las fases de diseño y de implementación para este tipo de sistema. La segunda propuesta presenta una arquitectura de implantación que define una estructura de capas funcionales basada en servicios, que soporta la interacción de las entidades de la organización virtual. La arquitectura de implantación permite la interoperabilidad de diferentes entidades, plataformas de software y hardware, proporcionando a los miembros de la organización virtual la capacidad de administrar y controlar los dispositivos del entorno (del sistema ubícuo). La tercera propuesta presenta una plataforma de ejecución de agentes empotrados llamada Andromeda, que permite ejecutar agentes empotrados sobre sistema operativo Android que cumplen con el modelo de agente de πVOM. Los agentes en Andromeda pueden acceder a los dispositivos del entorno, tal y como sucede en los sistemas ubícuos. Las propuestas presentadas fueron evaluadas empíricamente con dos ejemplos, que permiten mostrar sus bondades.Aguero Medina, J. (2015). Diseño de organizaciones virtuales ubícuas utilizando desarrollo dirigido por modelos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/52597TESI

Business strategy driven IT systems for engineer-to-order and make-to-order manufacturing enterprises

This thesis reports research into the specification and implementation of an Information Technology (IT) Route Map. The purpose of the Route Map is to enable rapid design and deployment of IT solutions capable of semi-automating business processes in a manufacturing enterprise. The Map helps structure transition processes involved in “identification of key business strategies and design of business processes” and “choice of enterprise systems and supporting implementation techniques”. Common limitations of current Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are observed and incorporated as Route Map implications and constraints. Scope of investigation is targeted at Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) that employ Engineer-To-Order (ETO) and Make-To-Order (MTO) business processes. However, a feature of the Route Map is that it takes into account contemporary business concerns related to “globalisation”, “mergers and acquisitions” and “typical resource constraint problems of SMEs”. In the course of the research a “Business Strategy Driven IT System Concept” was conceived and examined. The main purpose of this concept is to promote the development of agile and innovative business activity in SMEs. The Road Map encourages strategy driven solutions to be (a) specified based on the use of emerging enterprise engineering theories and (b) implemented and changed using componentbased systems design and composition techniques. Part-evaluation of the applicability and capabilities of the Road Map has been carried out by conducting industrial survey and case study work. This assesses requirements of real industrial problems and solutions. The evaluation work has also been enabled by conducting a pilot implementation of the thesis concepts at the premises of a partner SME

E-Governance: Strategy for Mitigating Non-Inclusion of Citizens in Policy Making in Nigeria

The Nigerian federation that currently has 36 states structure adopted the Weberian Public Administrative system before now as an ideal way of running government, which was characterized with the traditional way of doing things without recourse to the deployment of Information Communication Technology (ICT). Today e-governance is seen as a paradigm shift from the previous way of governance. Research has shown that, the adoption and implementation of e-governance is more likely to bring about effective service delivery, mitigate corruption and ultimately enhance citizens’ participation in governmental affairs. However, it has been argued that infrastructure such as regular electricity power and access to the Internet, in addition to a society with high rate of literacy level are required to effectively implement and realize the potentials of e-governance for improved delivery of services. Due to the difficulties currently experienced, developing nations need to adequately prepare for the implementation of e-governance on the platform of Information Communication Technology (ICT). Hence, this study seeks to examine whether the adoption and implementation of e-governance in the context of Nigeria would mitigate the hitherto non-inclusion of citizens in the formulation and implementation of government policies aimed at enhanced development. To achieve the objective of the study, data were sourced and analyzed majorly by examining government websites of 20 states in the Nigerian federation to ascertain if there are venues for citizens to interact with government in the area of policy making and feedback on government actions, as a way of promoting participatory governance. The study revealed that the adoption and implementation of e-governance in the country is yet to fully take place. This is due to lack of infrastructure, low level of literacy rate and government inability to provide the necessary infrastructure for e-governance to materialize. The paper therefore, recommends among others the need for the Federal Government to involve a sound and clear policy on how to go about the adoption and implementation of egovernance through deliberate effort at increasing budgetary allocation towards infrastructural development and mass education of citizens