74 research outputs found
Rate Aware Instantly Decodable Network Codes
This paper addresses the problem of reducing the delivery time of data
messages to cellular users using instantly decodable network coding (IDNC) with
physical-layer rate awareness. While most of the existing literature on IDNC
does not consider any physical layer complications and abstract the model as
equally slotted time for all users, this paper proposes a cross-layer scheme
that incorporates the different channel rates of the various users in the
decision process of both the transmitted message combinations and the rates
with which they are transmitted. The consideration of asymmetric rates for
receivers reflects more practical application scenarios and introduces a new
trade-off between the choice of coding combinations for various receivers and
the broadcasting rate for achieving shorter completion time. The completion
time minimization problem in such scenario is first shown to be intractable.
The problem is, thus, approximated by reducing, at each transmission, the
increase of an anticipated version of the completion time. The paper solves the
problem by formulating it as a maximum weight clique problem over a newly
designed rate aware IDNC (RA-IDNC) graph. The highest weight clique in the
created graph being potentially not unique, the paper further suggests a
multi-layer version of the proposed solution to improve the obtained results
from the employed completion time approximation. Simulation results indicate
that the cross-layer design largely outperforms the uncoded transmissions
strategies and the classical IDNC scheme
Delay Reduction in Multi-Hop Device-to-Device Communication using Network Coding
This paper considers the problem of reducing the broadcast decoding delay of
wireless networks using instantly decodable network coding (IDNC) based
device-to-device (D2D) communications. In a D2D configuration, devices in the
network can help hasten the recovery of the lost packets of other devices in
their transmission range by sending network coded packets. Unlike previous
works that assumed fully connected network, this paper proposes a partially
connected configuration in which the decision should be made not only on the
packet combinations but also on the set of transmitting devices. First, the
different events occurring at each device are identified so as to derive an
expression for the probability distribution of the decoding delay. The joint
optimization problem over the set of transmitting devices and the packet
combinations of each is, then, formulated. The optimal solution of the joint
optimization problem is derived using a graph theory approach by introducing
the cooperation graph and reformulating the problem as a maximum weight clique
problem in which the weight of each vertex is the contribution of the device
identified by the vertex. Through extensive simulations, the decoding delay
experienced by all devices in the Point to Multi-Point (PMP) configuration, the
fully connected D2D (FC-D2D) configuration and the more practical partially
connected D2D (PC-D2D) configuration are compared. Numerical results suggest
that the PC-D2D outperforms the FC-D2D and provides appreciable gain especially
for poorly connected networks
Network Codes for Real-Time Applications
We consider the scenario of broadcasting for real-time applications and loss
recovery via instantly decodable network coding. Past work focused on
minimizing the completion delay, which is not the right objective for real-time
applications that have strict deadlines. In this work, we are interested in
finding a code that is instantly decodable by the maximum number of users.
First, we prove that this problem is NP-Hard in the general case. Then we
consider the practical probabilistic scenario, where users have i.i.d. loss
probability and the number of packets is linear or polynomial in the number of
users. In this scenario, we provide a polynomial-time (in the number of users)
algorithm that finds the optimal coded packet. The proposed algorithm is
evaluated using both simulation and real network traces of a real-time Android
application. Both results show that the proposed coding scheme significantly
outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines: an optimal repetition code and a
COPE-like greedy scheme.Comment: ToN 2013 Submission Versio
Instantly Decodable Network Coding: From Centralized to Device-to-Device Communications
From its introduction to its quindecennial, network coding has built a strong reputation for enhancing packet recovery and achieving maximum information flow in both wired and wireless networks. Traditional studies focused on optimizing the throughput of the system by proposing elaborate schemes able to reach the network capacity. With the shift toward distributed computing on mobile devices, performance and complexity become both critical factors that affect the efficiency of a coding strategy. Instantly decodable network coding presents itself as a new paradigm in network coding that trades off these two aspects. This paper review instantly decodable network coding schemes by identifying, categorizing, and evaluating various algorithms proposed in the literature. The first part of the manuscript investigates the conventional centralized systems, in which all decisions are carried out by a central unit, e.g., a base-station. In particular, two successful approaches known as the strict and generalized instantly decodable network are compared in terms of reliability, performance, complexity, and packet selection methodology. The second part considers the use of instantly decodable codes in a device-to-device communication network, in which devices speed up the recovery of the missing packets by exchanging network coded packets. Although the performance improvements are directly proportional to the computational complexity increases, numerous successful schemes from both the performance and complexity viewpoints are identified
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