4,135 research outputs found
Conceive and Control: Cultural-Legal Narratives of American Privacy and Reproductive Politics
Law and literature share a foundation in narrative. The literary turn in legal scholarship recognizes that the law itself is a form of narrative, one that simultaneously reflects socio-cultural norms and creates social and political regulations with a complex matrix of power. Cultural narratives from the 1950s to the mid-1970s pertaining to reproductive politics, domesticity, and national identity both produce and are productive of legal rulings that govern and restrict private acts of sexuality and speech. The Supreme Court used cases concerning sex and reproduction to enumerate, explicate, and complicate the right to privacy, which appears nowhere in the U.S. Constitution or the Bill of Rights yet formed perhaps the most crucial legal issue of the second half of the twentieth century. But with the Courtâs continuous ârefinementâ and clarification of the right to privacy, the Court has demonstrated how privacy is a Lyotardian differend which, in dividing the inside from the outside, dismantles the logic of both through deconstruction of the margin. Law-determining rulings protecting this right demonstrate a logical impossibility: the Court has made privacy a ârightâ in such a way that the conditions for exercising it are subject to state surveillance. To be a subject of the law is to relinquish privacy, and privacy requires that the individual subject him/herself to the law by placing the right to privacy within the public domain. Rules-governed practices are entangled in ways both inextricable and unresolvable with notions of privacy. Legal narratives of the right to privacy, therefore, provide a genealogy of failed supplementation, consistent with an array of cultural narratives reflected in contemporaneous literature, film, drama, and political discourse. The Supreme Courtâs continual ârefinementsâ of privacy expose the tenuousness of the authority upon which it is based, with the female body positioned as the site of contradiction upon which narratives of domesticity, sexuality, and subjectivity are made legible
The Witcraft of Seeing Things Differently : Hyperdetermined Humor, Unusual Viewpoints, and Narrative Rhetoric in Terry Pratchett's Discworld Novels
Sir Terry Pratchettin maineikasta ja menestynyttÀ Discworld-romaanisarjaa luonnehditaan yleensÀ koomiseksi fantasiaksi, ja vaikka sitÀ on aiemmin tutkittu etupÀÀssÀ fantasiakirjallisuutena, niin fantasiamiljöön lisÀksi toinen nÀiden kirjojen silmiinpistÀvÀ piirre on huumorin ylenpalttinen runsaus. TÀssÀ vÀitöskirjassa olen valinnut harvinaisemman lÀhestymistavan tutkiessani Discworld-romaaneja ensisijaisesti humoristisena kirjallisuutena, ja sen mukaisesti vÀitöskirjani keskeisimpÀnÀ tavoitteena on tutkia Terry Pratchettin huumorin poetiikkaa. Tarkemmin sanottuna olen asettanut tÀssÀ vÀitöskirjassa tehtÀvÀkseni kartoittaa Terry Pratchettin huumorille ominaisimmat komiikan keinot ja tutkia, mikÀ tekee Discworld-romaaneista hauskoja.
Discworld-romaaneille ominainen huumorin runsaus koostuu humorististen kuvausten ja koomisten kohtausten tiheÀn esiintymisen lisÀksi komiikan keinojen laajasta valikoimasta. TÀssÀ vÀitöskirjassa vÀitÀn, ettÀ Terry Pratchettin huumori on hyperdeterminoitua, mikÀ tarkoittaa, ettÀ hÀn yhdistelee erilaisia komiikan keinoja samassa kuvauksessa tai kohtauksessa. Siksi Pratchettin huumorin poetiikkaa kÀsittelevÀ vÀitöskirjani on samalla myös tutkimus hyperdeterminoidun huumorin rakentumisesta. SelkeyttÀÀkseni huumorin hyperdeterminaation rakentumista jaottelen komiikan keinot neljÀÀn kategoriaan: tilanteellisiin, kontekstuaalisiin, rakenteellisiin ja tyylillisiin. Sovellan tÀtÀ jaottelua vÀittÀmÀllÀ, ettÀ humoristista kuvausta tai koomista kohtausta voidaan perustellusti sanoa hyperdeterminoiduksi silloin, kun siinÀ yhdistellÀÀn komiikan keinoja useammasta kuin yhdestÀ kategoriasta.
PidĂ€n Pratchettin huumorille ominaisten komiikan keinojen kartoittamista yhtenĂ€ tĂ€mĂ€n vĂ€itöskirjan keskeisimmistĂ€ kontribuutioista kirjallisen huumorin tutkimukselle. Tilanteellisista komiikan keinoista tarkastelen Discworld-romaaneista löytĂ€miĂ€ni esimerkkejĂ€ draamallisesta ironiasta ja absurdista logiikasta. Kontekstuaalisista komiikan keinoista kĂ€sittelen Pratchettin parodiaa ja satiiria, kun taas rakenteellisista komiikan keinoista tutkin, kuinka Pratchett kĂ€yttÀÀ paraprosdokiania, bathosta, toistuvia piloja (âfigginâ) ja koomisia alaviitteitĂ€. TyylillisistĂ€ komiikan keinoista tutkailen Pratchettin koomisia kielikuvia (hyperbolia, metaforia, vertauksia ja personifikaatioita), hĂ€nen sanaleikkejÀÀn (paronomasia, antanaklasis, sanataskut ja kaksikieliset sanaleikit) sekĂ€ Pratchettin koomisia eufemismeja.
LisĂ€ksi osoitan vĂ€itöskirjassani, ettĂ€ Terry Pratchettin huumorille on ominaista kulttuuristen kliseiden (eli tuttujen kulttuuri-ilmiöiden, totunnaisten ajattelutapojen ja vakiintuneiden esittĂ€misen konventioiden) esittĂ€minen humoristisen epĂ€tavallisista nĂ€kökulmista kĂ€sin. Discworld-romaaneissa Pratchett siirtÀÀ erilaisia oman maailmamme kulttuuri-ilmiöitĂ€ Discworld-nimiseen (suom. Kiekkomaailma) fantasiamaailmaansa, ja tĂ€mĂ€n maailmojen törmĂ€yttĂ€misen seurauksena kulttuuriset kliseet nĂ€yttĂ€ytyvĂ€t lukijalle samanaikaisesti tuttuina ja koomisen outoina. TĂ€llaiset humoristiset nĂ€kökulmat vahvistavat osaltaan huumorin hyperdeterminaatiota. Samalla kun fantasiamiljöö mahdollistaa kahden maailman koomisen törmĂ€yttĂ€misen ja oman maailmamme kulttuuristen kliseiden peilaamisen toisen maailman avulla, huumori toisaalta mahdollistaa Kiekkomaailmassa normaalia fantasiaa vapaamman mielikuvituksen lennon, eikĂ€ monia Discworld-romaaneissa kuvattuja asioita, tapahtumia ja ilmiöitĂ€ voisi esiintyĂ€ maailmoissa, jotka eivĂ€t rakennu absurdin logiikan, kulttuurisilla kliseillĂ€ leikittelyn ja koomisen liioittelun kaltaisten todellisuuta vÀÀristĂ€vien periaatteiden luoman âtaikuudenâ varaan.
Komiikan keinojen moninaisuuden, hyperdeterminoidun huumorin ja epĂ€tavallisten nĂ€kökulmien lisĂ€ksi tutkin vĂ€itöskirjassani sitĂ€, millaisia arvottavia asenteita kertojan humoristiset nĂ€kökulmat ja humoristisiin kuvauksiin sisĂ€ltyvĂ€t henkilöhahmojen tunnereaktiot paljastavat. Tulkitsen tĂ€llaisen arvottavan huumorin kirjalliseksi retorisen vaikuttamisen keinoksi, jonka avulla kirjailija pyrkii ohjailemaan lukijansa hyvĂ€ksyviĂ€ ja paheksuvia asenteita. Useimmiten Pratchettin huumori on kulttuurikriittistĂ€, eli parodista ja satiirista, mutta toisinaan humoristiset nĂ€kökulmat esittĂ€vĂ€t todellisen maailman kulttuuri-ilmiöitĂ€ myönteisinĂ€ ja ihailtavina. VĂ€itĂ€n tutkimuksessani, ettĂ€ kirjallisuuden retoriikka perustuu tĂ€llaisten kielteisten ja myönteisten asenteiden esittĂ€miselle ja ettĂ€ huumori on yksi kertomuksen retoriikan vaikutuskeinoista.Sir Terry Pratchettâs bestselling Discworld series of novels has been commonly described as comic fantasy, and although it has been previously studied mainly as fantasy literature, another conspicuous feature in these novels, in addition to the fantasy milieu, is their rich and abundant humor. In this study, I have chosen the road less travelled by approaching the Discworld novels as humorous literature, and, consequently, my main goal here is to study the poetics of Terry Pratchettâs humorâ his âwitcraftâ. To be more precise, in this dissertation I have set myself the task of mapping out the comic devices that are most characteristic for Terry Pratchettâs witcraft and investigating what makes the Discworld novels funny.
The richness of humor that is characteristic for the Discworld novels consists partly of the frequent occurrences of humorous descriptions and comic scenes, but also of the numerous comic devices that Pratchett deploys. In this dissertation, I argue that Terry Pratchettâs humor is hyperdetermined, which means that he tends to combine numerous comic devices in the same description or scene. Consequently, this study on the poetics of Terry Pratchettâs humor is at the same time a study on the construction of hyperdetermined humor. To better understand how hyperdetermined humor is constructed, I have devised a taxonomy that divides comic devices into four categories: situational, contextual, structural, and stylistic. Based on this taxonomy, I argue that the humor of a humorous description or a comic scene can be said to be truly hyperdetermined whenever it combines comic devices from more than one of these categories.
I consider mapping out the comic devices that are most characteristic for Terry Pratchettâs witcraft to be one of the major contributions of this dissertation to the academic study of humor in literature. Of situational comic devices, I discuss and analyze examples of dramatic irony and absurd logic that I have detected in the Discworld novels. Of contextual comic devices, I discuss Pratchettâs parody and satire; of structural comic devices, I study Pratchettâs use of paraprosdokian, bathos, figgins (or running gags), and comic footnotes. Of stylistic comic devices, I investigate Pratchettâs comic imagery (hyperboles, metaphors, similes, and personifications), his puns (paronomasia, antanaclasis, portmanteaux, and bilingual puns), as well as Pratchettâs comic euphemisms.
In this dissertation, I also demonstrate that representing cultural clichĂ©s (i.e., familiar cultural phenomena, customary ways of thinking, and conventional ways of representing) from humorously unusual viewpoints is characteristic for Terry Pratchettâs witcraft. In the Discworld novels, Pratchett transfers various cultural phenomena from the real world, our âRoundworldâ, to a fantasy world called the Discworld, and as a result of this interworldly resonance, the cultural clichĂ©s of our Roundworld appear to the reader simultaneously as familiar and comically strange. These humorous viewpoints can be viewed as an additional constituent of hyperdetermined humor. While the fantasy setting of the Discworld novels allows Pratchett to set up comic resonance between the worlds, Pratchettâs humor also makes the Discworld a more imaginative and fantastic place than typical fantasy worlds. Many events and phenomena that are represented in the Discworld novels can only exist in a world where reality is distorted and enhanced by the special âmagicâ of comically absurd logic, playing with cultural clichĂ©s, and humorous exaggerations. In addition to the abundance of comic devices, hyperdetermined humor, and humorously unusual viewpoints, I also study in this dissertation what kinds of evaluative attitudes the narratorâs humorous viewpoints and the charactersâ emotional reactions reveal. According to my interpretation, such evaluative attitudes are means of narrative rhetoric, where the author attempts to guide the readerâs attitudes of approval or disapproval. Pratchettâs humor is often criticalâparodical or satiricalâalthough occasionally the narratorâs humorous viewpoints represent the cultural phenomena of our Roundworld in a positive light, as something admirable. In this dissertation, I argue that narrative rhetoric is based on representing negative and positive attitudes, and that humor is one possible means of narrative rhetoric
Insider Threat Prevention in the US Banking System
Insider threats have been a major problem for the US banking sector in recent years, costing billions of dollars in damages.
To combat this, the implementation of effective cybersecurity measures is essential. This paper investigates the current state of insider threats to banks in the U.S., the associated costs, and the potential measures that can be taken to mitigate this risk. The development of a framework for the adoption of cybersecurity measures within the banking industry is the primary emphasis in order to stop fraud and lessen financial losses. Through a detailed examination of the literature, in-depth interviews with experts in the banking sector, and case studies of existing cybersecurity measures, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the problem and potential remedies.
Analysis of the research reveals that identity and access management, data encryption, and secure authentication are key components of any cybersecurity strategy. Furthermore, it is recommended that banks increase their technical capabilities and improve their employee awareness and training. The study concludes with a series of suggestions for enhancing banking industry cybersecurity and eventually reducing the danger of insider attacks.
This paper explores the topic of insider threats in the US banking industry and presents cybersecurity measures to prevent fraud. Insider threats from people with access to sensitive data and systems present serious hazards to the banking industry, resulting in monetary losses, reputational harm, and compromised data integrity
Homosexuals are revolting : a history of gay and lesbian activism in the Republic of Ireland, 1973 -1993
Defence date: 14 January 2019Examining Board: Professor Pieter M. Judson, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Laura L. Downs, EUI (Second Reader); Professor Diarmaid Ferriter, University College Dublin; Doctor Sean Brady, Birkbeck, University of London.This project explores the history of gay and lesbian activism in the Republic of Ireland from 1973 to 1993. Using primary archival material and oral interviews it challenges the current historical narrative which presupposes that gay and lesbian activism in Ireland was confined to a legal battle to decriminalise sexual activity between males and confined to the activities of one man, David Norris. The project broadens the campaign for gay rights in Ireland to include other individuals, organisations, concerns, aims, strategies, and activities outside Dublin. In particular, the thesis demonstrates the extent to which there were numerous gay and lesbian organisations throughout Ireland which utilised the media, the trade union movement, student movement and support from international gay/lesbian organisations to mount an effective campaign to improve both the legal and social climate for Irelandâs gay and lesbian citizens. While politicians in recent years have claimed credit for the dramatic changes in attitudes to homosexuality in Ireland, this project demonstrates the extent to which these dramatic changes were pioneered, not my politicians, but rather by gay and lesbian activists throughout Ireland, in both urban and provincial regions, since the 1970s. The project considered the emergence of a visible gay community in Ireland and its impact on changing perceptions of homosexuals; the important role played by lesbian women; the role of provincial gay/lesbian activists; the extent to which HIV/AIDS impacted the gay rights campaign in Ireland; and how efforts to interact with the Roman Catholic Church, political parties, and other important stakeholders shaped the strategies of gay/lesbian organisations. Homosexuals are revolting: A history of gay and lesbian activism in the Republic of Ireland, 1973-1993, reveals the extent to which gay and lesbian activists were important agents of social and political change in Ireland, particularly in terms of Irish sexual mores and gender norms. This project helps to contextualise the dramatic changes in relation to homosexuality that have taken place in recent years in Ireland and encourages scholars to further explore the contribution of Irelandâs queer citizens to the transformation of Ireland in the twentieth- and twentieth-first century.Chapters 1 'Smashing the wall of silence: Irish Gay Rights Movement' and chapter 3 'Decentring the metropolis: gay and lesbian activism in Cork, forging their own path?' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'âHomosexuals are revoltingâ : gay & lesbian activism in the Republic of Ireland 1970s -1990s' (2017) in the journal 'Studi Irlandesi: a journal of Irish studies
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Growing little learners: enabling trainee teachers to support children's learning in primary science using the outdoors
This thesis explores the ways that outdoor learning is specifically conducive to the support and facilitation of primary science education. Whilst developing practice-led principles for trainee teachers and teachers new to outdoor learning pedagogies, it also challenges the perception of the use of the outdoors being less academic or "risky fun" (Glackin 2016, p.1). The thesis looks at science as being made accessible and meaningful through "getting more from getting out" (Scott and Boyd 2016, p.1). Additionally, by contrast to much of the literature on outdoor science that focuses on professional perceptions and confidence (Waite 2011; Glackin 2016; Harris 2017), this research reports on learning outcomes and the impact on children's attainment.
Across three case study schools, the frameworks from Bloom et al. (1956) and Jelly (1985) were used to support the design and analysis of an outdoor primary science learning matrix. The trainee teachers based in each of the three schools used the matrix to chart and reflect on the ways that children were 'thinking scientifically' through assessing the science learning in the outdoors.
The researcher's analysis of the data generated from interviews with the trainee teachers revealed that when learning science is based in the outdoors, young children are well-placed to demonstrate higher order thinking skills beyond those expected of them within end of Key Stage outcomes (GB.DfE 2013). Specifically, children were seen to develop a set of scientific dispositions involving thinking scientifically, behaving scientifically and questioning scientifically. As such, the trainee teachers used the matrix to foster scientific attitudes such as curiosity, seeking out evidence to support their thought processes and metacognitive aptitudes including reflection and taking ownership of their learning progression.
The researcher's analysis provides exemplification to support trainee teachers, teachers and leaders to understand progression and pitch outdoor learning expectations in ways that enable the setting of challenging individual targets in outdoor science (Ofsted 2011) in line with the end of Key Stage outcomes (GB.DfE 2013)
Practising Diversity in Education: In Dialogue with DĆgen and bell hooks
This essay argues that diversity needs to be practised. Drawing insights from two thinkers who saw themselves as educators, DĆgen and bell hooks, I single out three steps towards practising diversity in a learning community. I make two concrete recommendations for each step. Step One involves trying to understand the other in their own terms, by becoming informed about the frameworks that play a role in their experience. Step Two guides us to listen to every unique other and receive their story, in such a way as to put them, instead of ourselves, in the centre of our attention. In Step Three, we engage in dialogues that do not consist in a series of monologues but of calls and responses, in which we practise to respond to each other in an attuned way, and to take responsibility for co-transforming each other and our shared world
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