Mosquito Detection with Neural Networks: The Buzz of Deep Learning

Many real-world time-series analysis problems are characterised by scarce data. Solutions typically rely on hand-crafted features extracted from the time or frequency domain allied with classification or regression engines which condition on this (often low-dimensional) feature vector. The huge advances enjoyed by many application domains in recent years have been fuelled by the use of deep learning architectures trained on large data sets. This paper presents an application of deep learning for acoustic event detection in a challenging, data-scarce, real-world problem. Our candidate challenge is to accurately detect the presence of a mosquito from its acoustic signature. We develop convolutional neural networks (CNNs) operating on wavelet transformations of audio recordings. Furthermore, we interrogate the network's predictive power by visualising statistics of network-excitatory samples. These visualisations offer a deep insight into the relative informativeness of components in the detection problem. We include comparisons with conventional classifiers, conditioned on both hand-tuned and generic features, to stress the strength of automatic deep feature learning. Detection is achieved with performance metrics significantly surpassing those of existing algorithmic methods, as well as marginally exceeding those attained by individual human experts.Comment: For data and software related to this paper, see http://humbug.ac.uk/kiskin2017/. Submitted as a conference paper to ECML 201

Robust sound event detection in bioacoustic sensor networks

Bioacoustic sensors, sometimes known as autonomous recording units (ARUs), can record sounds of wildlife over long periods of time in scalable and minimally invasive ways. Deriving per-species abundance estimates from these sensors requires detection, classification, and quantification of animal vocalizations as individual acoustic events. Yet, variability in ambient noise, both over time and across sensors, hinders the reliability of current automated systems for sound event detection (SED), such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) in the time-frequency domain. In this article, we develop, benchmark, and combine several machine listening techniques to improve the generalizability of SED models across heterogeneous acoustic environments. As a case study, we consider the problem of detecting avian flight calls from a ten-hour recording of nocturnal bird migration, recorded by a network of six ARUs in the presence of heterogeneous background noise. Starting from a CNN yielding state-of-the-art accuracy on this task, we introduce two noise adaptation techniques, respectively integrating short-term (60 milliseconds) and long-term (30 minutes) context. First, we apply per-channel energy normalization (PCEN) in the time-frequency domain, which applies short-term automatic gain control to every subband in the mel-frequency spectrogram. Secondly, we replace the last dense layer in the network by a context-adaptive neural network (CA-NN) layer. Combining them yields state-of-the-art results that are unmatched by artificial data augmentation alone. We release a pre-trained version of our best performing system under the name of BirdVoxDetect, a ready-to-use detector of avian flight calls in field recordings.Comment: 32 pages, in English. Submitted to PLOS ONE journal in February 2019; revised August 2019; published October 201

Musical notes classification with Neuromorphic Auditory System using FPGA and a Convolutional Spiking Network

In this paper, we explore the capabilities of a sound classification system that combines both a novel FPGA cochlear model implementation and a bio-inspired technique based on a trained convolutional spiking network. The neuromorphic auditory system that is used in this work produces a form of representation that is analogous to the spike outputs of the biological cochlea. The auditory system has been developed using a set of spike-based processing building blocks in the frequency domain. They form a set of band pass filters in the spike-domain that splits the audio information in 128 frequency channels, 64 for each of two audio sources. Address Event Representation (AER) is used to communicate the auditory system with the convolutional spiking network. A layer of convolutional spiking network is developed and trained on a computer with the ability to detect two kinds of sound: artificial pure tones in the presence of white noise and electronic musical notes. After the training process, the presented system is able to distinguish the different sounds in real-time, even in the presence of white noise.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-0

An Efficient Deep Learning-based approach for Recognizing Agricultural Pests in the Wild

One of the biggest challenges that the farmers go through is to fight insect pests during agricultural product yields. The problem can be solved easily and avoid economic losses by taking timely preventive measures. This requires identifying insect pests in an easy and effective manner. Most of the insect species have similarities between them. Without proper help from the agriculturist academician it is very challenging for the farmers to identify the crop pests accurately. To address this issue we have done extensive experiments considering different methods to find out the best method among all. This paper presents a detailed overview of the experiments done on mainly a robust dataset named IP102 including transfer learning with finetuning, attention mechanism and custom architecture. Some example from another dataset D0 is also shown to show robustness of our experimented techniques

FR-ResNet s for Insect Pest Recognition

Insect pests are one of the main threats to the commercially important crops. An effective insect pest recognition method can avoid economic losses. In this paper, we proposed a new and simple structure based on the original residual block and named as feature reuse residual block which combines feature from the input signal of a residual block with the residual signal. In each feature reuse residual block, it enhances the capacity of representation by learning half and reuse half feature. By stacking the feature reuse residual block, we obtained the feature reuse residual network (FR-ResNet) and evaluated the performance on IP102 benchmark dataset. The experimental results showed that FR-ResNet can achieve significant performance improvement in terms of insect pest classification. Moreover, to demonstrate the adaptive of our approach, we applied it to various kinds of residual networks, including ResNet, Pre-ResNet, and WRN, and we tested the performance on a series of benchmark datasets: CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN. The experimental results showed that the performance can be improved obviously than original networks. Based on these experiments on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN, and IP102 benchmark datasets, it demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach