TRADITIONAL USES OF INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS IN WATERSHED PROGRAMS PLANNED UNDER PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES

This paper outlines the traditional uses of input-output (I/O) modeling in watershed programs planned under federal "Principles and Guidelines." Generally, the national economic development costs and benefits are analyzed, and the I/O model is used to track on regional economic development impacts. These regional impact estimates have little impact in project selection, but provide a selling tool to develop local support for project funding and implementation.IMPLAN, Input-Output, watershed analysis, water quality, NRCS, conservation, regional analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

an analysis using input-output multipliers

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020As the environmental industry plays a significant role in both environmental protection and sustainable economic development, analyzing its economic impact is crucial for policymaking. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the environmental industry on the Korean economy. To define the environmental industry for input-output analysis, the Environmental Industry Special Classification Table of the 2018 Report on the Environmental Industry Survey is matched to the Bank of Korea’s 2015 Benchmark Year Basic Sector Classification. Also, the data from the 2015 Benchmark Year Input-Output Tables is processed by the author to include the environmental industry among the original classifications of the input-output tables. The environmental industry’s production, value-added, import, and employment multipliers are computed to examine its impact on other industries in Korea. The result of the analysis shows that the environmental industry has a high value-added rate compared to other industries and that despite having a low production multiplier, the environmental industry has a strong forward linkage effect, indicating that it plays a significant role as an intermediate good for other industries.1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Definition and Characteristics of the Environmental Industry 4. Data and Methodology 5. Analysis of Current Status of the Environmental Industry in Korea by Using the Input-Output Table 6. Analysis of the Economic Ripple Effect of the Environmental Industry 7. ConclusionmasterpublishedYuhui JEON

Methodology of the input-output analysis

In the near future consequences of the anthropogenic climate change will be more and more perceptible all over the world. But the regional distribution will differ substantially even between regions within the same country. Thus, local authorities need to adapt their regions individually to the risks resulting from the new climatic conditions. By implementing climate change in specific regional models the small scale economic impacts of climate change and the economic usefulness of adaptation measures can be evaluated. The input-output method presented in this paper delivers insight into the impact chain through which endogenous shocks affect the economy. The methodology is relatively uncomplex compared to other model types. Thus, the results are quite easy to understand and to communicate to the public. On the other hand the results underlie several restrictive assumptions. In the empirical environmental literature the input-output method is common for the assessment of economic damages after disasters. But models, which implement economic effects of adaptation measures, are very scarce. --input-output model,sectoral interdependencies,impact analysis

Environmentally-extended input-output analysis in environmental assessment / Farah Ayuni Sahafea @ Shafie

Sustainability has become the key goal in every aspect of the environment especially in the diverse urban systems. Sustainable practices require a controlled setting within an urban system where their practicality and efficacy could be assessed. The aim of the thesis is to establish an environmental assessment tool based on urban metabolism approach to assist decision-making during environmental and economic assessment. The outcome provides understanding on the means of integrating carbon footprint and monetary factor to oversee the expenditure of a nation in general, or a household or an individual in particular, in relation to global warming potential. This study applied a retrospective cross sectional study to provide a form of environmental assessment in developing economic-environmental input-output model for greenhouse gases emission monitoring and climate change adaptation. Methodologically, the potential impact from economic sectors’ contribution on greenhouse gas emissions which eventually leads to global warming and climate change was quantitatively assessed. Firstly, the contribution of greenhouse gas emission from each economic activity was examined. Secondly, the association of greenhouse gas emissions with gross output value from each economic activity was assessed to ascertain the greenhouse gas intensity. Finally, a preliminary environmental-economic input-output tool were developed for potential global warming forecasting assessment and improving the surveillance system of each target economic sector concerning climate change. The input-output analysis method development found that Barcelona with 14 economic sectors has carbon dioxide emission to be 24.44 kg CO2- eq./cap/day. The method adaptation to Malaysia resulted with greenhouse gas emission of all 120 economic activities with 4.87 kg CO2- eq./cap/day. Greenhouse gases from waste management was not captured in the input-output matrices. The waste management section was managed but the introduction to Material Flow Analysis approach which resulted with 4.5 kg/capita/ day of solid waste for Klang Valley. The economic input-output model o f a nation or region is an analytical tool that describes the structure of one nation or region’s economy. A derived matrix from the economic input-output table is expanded to express global warming potential which describes its total global warming impact relative to carbon dioxide emission over a set period of time. The estimation of carbon footprint from monetary fluxes is vital in the environmental health impact assessment as sustainable urban planning and sustainable economy are complimentary of one another. This study contributes to quantitatively analyse the physical input-output relationships among the socioeconomic components with the findings on the distribution of environmental impacts, thereby providing scientific model support to guide restructuring of metabolic system especially urban metabolic system. The use of publicly available data to assemble the matrix representation enables comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts of a product or service with effective cost, in a relatively fast and high-technology manner

MORE RESERVOIRS OR TRANSFERS? A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF PROJECTED WATER SHORTAGES IN THE ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN

A computable general equilibrium model of the southeastern Colorado economy is used to compare the economic impacts of a proposed increase in reservoir storage to an alternative: temporary water transfers. While both provide municipalities with reliable water supply during droughts and are shown to benefit both rural and urban communities, temporary transfers are accomplished at a much lower economic and environmental cost. This analysis illustrates how computable general equilibrium models provide a more realistic portrayal of the impact of policy changes than input-output analysis by allowing substitution in response to economic conditions.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Dampak Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Nasional terhadap Pembentukan Gas Rumah Kaca dan Penurunan Kapasitas Sektor Ekonomi di Indonesia: Pendekatan Analisis Input-output

It has been proven that national economic growth which is originally expected toimprove people welfare, to balance the gaps of income, to alleviate poverty and to keepthe environmental stability could not accomplish the goal of economic development.The objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze the impact of national economicgrowth on greenhouse gases formation, especially on emission of carbon, sulphur andnitrogen, (2) to analyze the impact of greenhouse gases emission which is formed byeconomic activities as consequences of national economic growth on the capacity ofeconomic sectors, especially in declining capacity on output, income, value added andemployment. To prove those main objectives, the national Input-Output analysis is usedin this research. The data used in this research are input-output transaction matrix year1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000 which is published by Statistical Center Agency(BPS). Input-Output data analysis showed that with 4.24% of economic growth scenarioformed carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen each equal to 3,276.6 kilo ton, 44.2 kilo ton, and79.9 kilo ton respectively. By internalizing the price of carbon Rp 190,000 per mt, theywould decline the capacity of economic sectors, such as Rp 1.4 triliun of output, Rp187.9 biliun of income, Rp 657.2 biliun of value added and 33.728 persons ofemployment respectively. In conclusion, economic growth has caused the greenhousegaseous formation, and has implication on cost of externalities on environment.Furthermore, the policies to compensate the recovery of environmental degradation areneeded through some instruments of policies, such as command-and-control, and basedmarket-policies in Indonesia

Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of Different Clothing Materials

A hybrid Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) was conducted to evaluate the energy requirements, greenhouse gas emissions, and other environmental indicators of the clothing material polyester. These results are compared to the analysis of cotton as a clothing material to understand if synthetic fabrics have a lower environmental impact than natural fabrics.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/stander_posters/2988/thumbnail.jp

ADDITIVE VERSUS PROPORTIONAL PEST DAMAGE FUNCTIONS: WHY ECOLOGY MATTERS

Economic analyses of pests typically assume damage is either additively separable from pest free yield or proportional to it. This paper describes the ecological assumptions required for additive and proportional damage functions to demonstrate that both specifications are reasonable. Ecological research supports a proportional damage function for competitive pests such as weeds, while for insect pests the appropriate damage function depends on the level of pest free yield. Theoretical analysis identifies differences between additive and proportional damage functions in terms of the impact of pest control on output variance and the concavity of output in the pest control input.Pest Economics, Damage Function, Damage Control, Risk Reducing Input, Increasing Returns, Functional Response, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy,

The Environmental Impact of International Trade: Measuring How Changes in Trade Lead to Different Levels of Polluting Emissions

Treballs Finals del Màster d'Economia, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2015-2016, Tutor: Mónica Serrano GutiérrezIn the recent years, the awareness of the negative impact that economic activity has on the environment has increased enormously, and countries in the international community are realizing that such environmental degradation is an urgent issue that demands immediate and convincing solutions. However, despite a common interests in the environmental preservation, countries also face economic interests, and push international negotiations to be able to increase their production and, consequently, their emissions. In front of such challenge, academic research has tried to better understand the economic drivers hiding behind environmental degradation to provide international institutions with new solutions, and one special issue that has received much attention has been international trade. In particular, the present study delves into this question, addressing the particular relation that exists between trade and global emission of polluting gases. Based on the application of Input-Output Analysis and the use of Environmentally Extended World Input-Output Tables, this study provides a measure of the impact that actual trade has on emissions of greenhouse and local gases by considering the situation of total reduction in international trade (counterfactual). Finally, results rise important considerations in terms of economic and environmental efficiency, as well as some important policy implications

Development of a Parsimonious Set of City-level Environmental Performance Metrics for Jiyuan, Henan, China

The potential tradeoff between the twin goals of reducing environmental impact while maintaining growth will require China’s cities to evaluate the economic impact of urban pollution at the local level. Using economic input-output analysis, city level indicators of economic activity and environmental impact and available estimates of the benchmark relationships between output and pollution by sector, we outline a method to quantify in monetary terms the marginal damages of air pollution by sector at the city level. By applying the framework of environmental accounting to the pilot case of Jiyuan, a small city in Henan province, we demonstrate a method for local public agencies to facilitate administrative tracking of monetized air pollution based on underlying economic activity, and outline a minimum set of metrics which a small city in China must track in order to estimate the monetized damage of air pollution by sector. Our methodology leverages economy-wide aggregate models (Ho and Nielsen 2007, The World Bank 2007) to significantly reduce the metrics required for a simple approximation of the relative value added per unit of emission by sector for medium-sized cities in China