STUDY ON LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DESIGN FOR OIL PALM CUTTER （オイルパームカッター用リニア同期モータ設計に関する研究）

信州大学(Shinshu university)博士（工学）ThesisFAIRUL AZHAR BIN ABDUL SHUKOR. STUDY ON LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DESIGN FOR OIL PALM CUTTER （オイルパームカッター用リニア同期モータ設計に関する研究）. 信州大学, 2015, 博士論文. 博士（工学）, 甲第632号, 平成27年3月20日授与.doctoral thesi

Magnetic Material Modelling of Electrical Machines

The need for electromechanical energy conversion that takes place in electric motors, generators, and actuators is an important aspect associated with current development. The efficiency and effectiveness of the conversion process depends on both the design of the devices and the materials used in those devices. In this context, this book addresses important aspects of electrical machines, namely their materials, design, and optimization. It is essential for the design process of electrical machines to be carried out through extensive numerical field computations. Thus, the reprint also focuses on the accuracy of these computations, as well as the quality of the material models that are adopted. Another aspect of interest is the modeling of properties such as hysteresis, alternating and rotating losses and demagnetization. In addition, the characterization of materials and their dependence on mechanical quantities such as stresses and temperature are also considered. The reprint also addresses another aspect that needs to be considered for the development of the optimal global system in some applications, which is the case of drives that are associated with electrical machines

Advances in Theoretical and Computational Energy Optimization Processes

The paradigm in the design of all human activity that requires energy for its development must change from the past. We must change the processes of product manufacturing and functional services. This is necessary in order to mitigate the ecological footprint of man on the Earth, which cannot be considered as a resource with infinite capacities. To do this, every single process must be analyzed and modified, with the aim of decarbonising each production sector. This collection of articles has been assembled to provide ideas and new broad-spectrum contributions for these purposes

Design and performance investigation of flux-concentrated tubular linear generator for an external combustion free piston engine

PhD ThesisThe increasing global desire for highly fuel efficient power systems and the need for environmentally friendly energy sources is driving much present research in electrical power. A linear power system, where a linear machine is driven directly by a free piston engine, offers scalability and a wide range applicability. Standalone power units, hybridised power systems and range extenders in electrified vehicles are all potential applications for this technology. This thesis explores the application of a Linear Joule Engine driving a Permanent Magnet Linear Machine for electrical power generation. Whereas most Joule cycle engines have a rotary compressor and expander, at smaller scale this configuration suffers from leakage around the blades. The linear engine uses a double acting free piston configuration running on the external combustion Joule-cycle, overcoming the low efficiency inherent in small scale gas turbines. The key element for electrical power generation, and the main focus of this thesis, is the development of a linear machine operating as a generator, the design of which is heavily constrained by the geometrical and the operational characteristics of the engine. Using specific constraints for an 5kW engine and by using two dimensional finite element analysis, a novel design methodology of tubular PM linear machine with modular armature winding and feasible arrangements of magnets on the translator member is outlined. The effect of core material, pole number and power conversion system on the machine design are investigated, highlighting the effect of the interconnected design variables on the resulting performance and material use, all satisfying design objectives. A Flux – Concentrated PM configuration is selected for further development. vi In order to accomplish an overall system performance investigation tool, at first the development of a general novel linear machine model is introduced and tested in a feedforward manner with accounts for all machine interacting electromagnetic forces. Then, a novel dynamic model incorporating both the linear machine model driven by the linear Joule engine model, coupled together in a closed loop form, is realized. The coupled model bridges mechanical and electrical parts of the engine-generator, and provides a solid dynamic performance prediction of the system focusing on identifying the effect of cogging force on system performance and the resultant electrical power loss and electrical efficiency. Compared with the reported cogging force reduction techniques, a novel structural technique and a selection criteria are presented with two dimensional axisymmetric finite element analysis verification showing the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Finally, a machine prototype of the selected design model is manufactured and tested on a bespoke test rig to validate the design model findings. Manufacturing recommendations and future achievable steps are reported for future development of the existing work.The Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research – University of Baghda

Development of Double-Sided Interior Permanent Magnet Flat Linear Brushless Motor and Its Control Using Linear Optical Potentiometer

A new 6/4 double-sided interior permanent-magnet (IPM) flat linear brushless motor (IPM-FLBM) and novel optical potentiometer mechanism for a linear motion-control system are presented in this dissertation. For this purpose, new detent-force-minimization methodologies for the IPMFLBM are studied on the basis of the superposition principle. The end-effect force is reduced by a new two-dimensional optimization using the step-shaped end frames. The cogging force is minimized through a destructive interference using the slot-phase shift between the upper and lower stators. A base model prototype with the detent force of only 1.5% of the maximum thrust force is developed using the electrical solid steel. Analytic modeling techniques of the base model prototype with slot-phase shift and alternate teeth windings are investigated. A variable winding function is newly developed to evaluate the inductances of the salient motor with the alternate teeth windings. The steady-state thrust force is modeled for this linear brushless AC (BLAC) motor. Their validities are demonstrated experimentally. The electromagnetic and steady-state performance analyses of a new prototype using a soft magnetic composite (SMC) material are also studied using a simplified nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) analysis. Its iron and copper losses are investigated in terms of the thermal limitation. The feasibility of the IPM-FLBM using the SMC material is demonstrated through the comparisons of the average steady-state thrust and ripple forces for these two prototype linear motors. A novel low-cost high-precision absolute displacement-sensing mechanism using optoelectronic components is developed. The working principle that is based on the change of the optical power that is reflected off the monotone-colored pattern track from a light emitting diode (LED) to a red-green-blue (RGB) photo diode (PD) is presented. The performance of the proposed optical potentiometer (OP) mechanism is verified by the bandwidth (BW) of 4.42 kHz and nonlinearity of 2.8% are achieved. A novel low-ripple 12-step current control scheme using a single current sensing resistor is developed using the six Hall-effect sensors for the force control of the IPMFLBM. Its performances are experimentally verified and compared with a conventional field-oriented control (FOC) scheme. In the end, the position-control loop, which includes the 12-step current control loop, double-sided IPM-FLBM, and linear optical potentiometer (LOP), is designed using a proportional controller with a lead compensator. The performances of the linear motion-control system are demonstrated through the various experiments in the time and frequency domains

Advanced Knowledge Application in Practice

The integration and interdependency of the world economy leads towards the creation of a global market that offers more opportunities, but is also more complex and competitive than ever before. Therefore widespread research activity is necessary if one is to remain successful on the market. This book is the result of research and development activities from a number of researchers worldwide, covering concrete fields of research

Energy recovery from landing aircraft

Currently, renewable energy sources are the main driver for future electricity generation. This trend is growing faster in the developed countries in order to reduce the green house effect and also in response to the limited supply of oil, gas and coal which are currently the major sources for electric generation. For example, the main renewable energy sources are from wind energy and solar energy but these energies are only available to those countries that are exposed to these resources. In this thesis an alternative energy source is investigated where it can be generated from the moving objects or in form of kinetic energy. The idea is to convert the kinetic energy during landing aircraft into electrical energy which it can also be stored and transferred to the existing electrical network. To convert this kinetic energy to electrical energy, the linear generator (LG) and uncontrolled rectifier have been used for energy conversion. The LG have been modelled in 3-phase model or in dq model and combined with the diode rectifier that is used to generate the dc signal outputs. Due to the uncontrolled rectifier the electrical outputs will have decaying amplitude along the landing time. This condition also happen to the LG outputs such as the force and the power output. In order to control these outputs the cascaded buck-boost converter has been used. This converter is responsible to control the output current at the rectifier and also the LG output power during landing to more controllable power output. Here, the H∞ current control strategy has been used as it offers a very good performance for current tracking and to increase the robustness of the controller. During landing, huge power is produced at the beginning and when the landing time is increased, the generated input power from LG is reduced to zero. Due to this, the energy storage that consists of ultracapacitor, bidirectional converter and boost converter are used in order to store and to release the energy depends on the input power source and load grid power. The voltage proportional-integral (PI) control strategy has been used for both the converters. The last part is to transfer the energy from the source and at the ultracapacitor to the load by using the inverter as the processing device. The power controller and current controller are used at the inverter in order to control the power ?ow between the inverter and the grid. This is when the reference power is determined by the load power in order to generate the reference currents by using the voltage oriented controller (VOC), while the H∞ current controller is used to regulate the inverter currents in order to inject the suitable amount of current that refer to the load power. Finally, a complete energy recovery system for landing aircraft with the grid connection have been put together to make the whole system to be as a new renewable energy source for the future electricity generation.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Mathematical Models for the Design of Electrical Machines

This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting the latest advances and developments in mathematical modeling and the design of electrical machines for different applications. The main models discussed are based on the: i) Maxwell–Fourier method (i.e., the formal resolution of Maxwell’s equations by using the separation of variables method and the Fourier’s series in 2-D or 3-D with a quasi-Cartesian or polar coordinate system); ii) electrical, thermal and magnetic equivalent circuit; iii) hybrid model. In these different papers, the numerical method and the experimental tests have been used as comparisons or validations

Reduced-order modeling of power electronics components and systems

This dissertation addresses the seemingly inevitable compromise between modeling fidelity and simulation speed in power electronics. Higher-order effects are considered at the component and system levels. Order-reduction techniques are applied to provide insight into accurate, computationally efficient component-level (via reduced-order physics-based model) and system-level simulations (via multiresolution simulation). Proposed high-order models, verified with hardware measurements, are, in turn, used to verify the accuracy of final reduced-order models for both small- and large-signal excitations. At the component level, dynamic high-fidelity magnetic equivalent circuits are introduced for laminated and solid magnetic cores. Automated linear and nonlinear order-reduction techniques are introduced for linear magnetic systems, saturated systems, systems with relative motion, and multiple-winding systems, to extract the desired essential system dynamics. Finite-element models of magnetic components incorporating relative motion are set forth and then reduced. At the system level, a framework for multiresolution simulation of switching converters is developed. Multiresolution simulation provides an alternative method to analyze power converters by providing an appropriate amount of detail based on the time scale and phenomenon being considered. A detailed full-order converter model is built based upon high-order component models and accurate switching transitions. Efficient order-reduction techniques are used to extract several lower-order models for the desired resolution of the simulation. This simulation framework is extended to higher-order converters, converters with nonlinear elements, and closed-loop systems. The resulting rapid-to-integrate component models and flexible simulation frameworks could form the computational core of future virtual prototyping design and analysis environments for energy processing units

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference EEMODS'2013 Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems

This book contains the papers presented at the eighth international conference on Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems EEMODS 2013 EEMODS 2013 was organised in Rio de Janeiro, Brasil from 28 to 30 October 2013. This major international conference, which was previously been staged in Lisbon (1996), London (1999), Treviso (2002), Heidelberg (2005), Beijing (2007), Nantes (2009) and Washington DC (2011) has been very successful in attracting an international and distinguished audience, representing a wide variety of stakeholders in policy implementation and development, manufacturing and promotion of energy-efficient motor systems, including key policy makers, equipment manufacturers, academia and end-users. Potential readers who may benefit from this book include researchers, engineers, policymakers, energy agencies, electric utilities, and all those who can influence the design, selection, application, and operation of electrical motor driven systems.JRC.F.7-Renewables and Energy Efficienc