REVIEW OF JOURNALS-1: "Annual review of information science and technology"

Review of the journal titled "Annual review of information science and technology

Is Consciousness Computable? Quantifying Integrated Information Using Algorithmic Information Theory

In this article we review Tononi's (2008) theory of consciousness as integrated information. We argue that previous formalizations of integrated information (e.g. Griffith, 2014) depend on information loss. Since lossy integration would necessitate continuous damage to existing memories, we propose it is more natural to frame consciousness as a lossless integrative process and provide a formalization of this idea using algorithmic information theory. We prove that complete lossless integration requires noncomputable functions. This result implies that if unitary consciousness exists, it cannot be modelled computationally.Comment: Maguire, P., Moser, P., Maguire, R. & Griffith, V. (2014). Is consciousness computable? Quantifying integrated information using algorithmic information theory. In P. Bello, M. Guarini, M. McShane, & B. Scassellati (Eds.), Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Societ

Data preservation, the new science and the practitioner librarian

This paper outlines the information management principles of the so-called 'new science', and attempts to put these in the context of traditional library and information science principles. It gives a brief review of some work in the area, in particular focussing on the work show-cased by the annual digital preservation conference series hosted by the Digital Curation Centre in Scotland (http://www.dcc.ac.uk/). There is a danger that scientists (as opposed to LIS professionals) will apply the information management techniques of the new science to their own activities inappropriately, especially to research that is best curated as 'old' not new science. This is something on which information professionals are well placed to give advice and make judgements. More practice-oriented research is needed to enhance understanding of how traditional librarianship practices can be applied to the data intensive scientific research carried out by so-called 'virtual organisations'. This paper makes some initial suggestions about how the tools of library and information practice can be related to the 'new science'. In particular, it highlights their relevance to distinguishing between the information management needs of the 'old' and the 'new' sciences: these needs are quite distinct, though easily confused. This paper relates terms from pure science such as the virtual organisation, cyberinfrastructure and e-science to traditional LIS concepts, and tries to create an understanding of the relationship between the two disciplines for the library practitioner

The LSND and MiniBooNE Oscillation Searches at High Δm2\Delta m^2

This paper reviews the results of the LSND and MiniBooNE experiments. The primary goal of each experiment was to effect sensitive searches for neutrino oscillations in the mass region with $\Delta m^2 \sim 1$ eV$^2$. The two experiments are complementary, and so the comparison of results can bring additional information with respect to models with sterile neutrinos. Both experiments obtained evidence for $\bar \nu_\mu \rightarrow \bar \nu_e$ oscillations, and MiniBooNE also observed a $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$ excess. In this paper, we review the design, analysis, and results from these experiments. We then consider the results within the global context of sterile neutrino oscillation models. The final data sets require a more extended model than the simple single sterile neutrino model imagined at the time that LSND drew to a close and MiniBooNE began. We show that there are apparent incompatibilities between data sets in models with two sterile neutrinos. However, these incompatibilities may be explained with variations within the systematic error. Overall, models with two (or three) sterile neutrinos seem to succeed in fitting the global data, and they make interesting predictions for future experiments.Comment: Posted with permission from the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 63. \c{opyright} 2013 by Annual Reviews, http://www.annualreviews.or

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology : Volume 41

If one reflects upon the work of those active in studying the origins of information science (including Burke, who provides a chapter in this volume entitled, “History of information science”), we see that the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) could almost be considered as old as information science itself, emerging as it did during the so‐called “golden age” of the discipline (1950s‐1970s). Now spanning 41 volumes, ARIST continues to be one of the most significant publications within the information science domain. Like those before it, ARIST 41 reviews the information science landscape and provides a series of chapters, often pondering recent trends and developments; however, these chapters could essentially be described as a collection of extended essays from those active in the discipline. ARIST is not about presenting original research (although some authors provide snippets). It is about wrestling with fundamental theoretical or philosophical questions facing the profession, or reviewing an area of research with analytical and authoritative panache. Probably most important, ARIST is about accessibility. Its overviews are mindful of the fact that information science is a growing organism, encompassing areas that some readers will have little prior knowledge

Evolução teórico-metodológica dos estudos de comportamento informacional de usuários

Este artigo visa a contribuir para o conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre estudos de comportamento informacional de usuários com base em como são tratados na literatura da ciência da informação nas últimas seis décadas. Para tanto, a análise se fundamenta nas revisões publicadas no periódico Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (Arist) e em outros trabalhos que complementam o tema abordado, mostrando sua evolução teórica e metodológica. Uma diferença crucial está relacionada à mudança conceitual observada, a qual denota a ampliação da visão epistemológica dos estudos. Tal mudança referese, especialmente, à nova terminologia adotada, que passa de “estudos de usuários” ou “necessidades e uso de informação” para “comportamento informacional de usuários”. Trata-se, contudo, não somente de alteração terminológica, mas, sobretudo, de mudança paradigmática, resultado de transformações no modo como o tópico é definido e abordado, e na forma como é investigado.The objective of this article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of how user information behaviour studies have been dealt with in literature on information science for the last six decades. The analysis is based on the reviews published in the journal Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (Arist), as well as on additional works that complement the topic approached showing its theoretical and methodological evolution. analyses. A crucial difference identifi ed is related to the conceptual change occurred, showing a wider epistemological view of the studies. This change, on the other hand, is referred mainly to the terminology used to defi ne the topic, which is changed from “studies of users” or “needs and use of information” to informational behavior of users”. The change, however, is not only terminological but also a paradigmatic change, as a result of transformation in how the topic is defi ned and approached, as well as how the research is carried out

UCGIS Summer Assembly and Retreat: Support for Graduate Student Travel

SBR-9617695 This award supports the provision of small travel grants to graduate students from U.S. institutions to assist their attendance and participation in the 1997 Annual Assembly of the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science. Students to be so supported will be selected on the basis of a panel review of their 2000-word abstracts of the presentations they plan to make at the assembly. Grants will not be made to students based within 250 miles of the assembly (to be held in Maine). The assembly has two components: the exchange of research findings and progress among researchers and students (their presentations are to be integrated within sessions), and the identification of priorities for education (primarily college and graduate) in the interdisciplinary field of geographic information science. This small award fulfills two major goals of NSF: the development and dissemination of improved tools for scientific analysis, and the integration of research and education

Representations of Materials for Machine Learning

High-throughput data generation methods and machine learning (ML) algorithms have given rise to a new era of computational materials science by learning relationships among composition, structure, and properties and by exploiting such relations for design. However, to build these connections, materials data must be translated into a numerical form, called a representation, that can be processed by a machine learning model. Datasets in materials science vary in format (ranging from images to spectra), size, and fidelity. Predictive models vary in scope and property of interests. Here, we review context-dependent strategies for constructing representations that enable the use of materials as inputs or outputs of machine learning models. Furthermore, we discuss how modern ML techniques can learn representations from data and transfer chemical and physical information between tasks. Finally, we outline high-impact questions that have not been fully resolved and thus, require further investigation.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, To Appear in Annual Review of Materials Research 5