An Application of Multimedia Services on Transportation: The Use of the World Wide Web (WWW)

INTRODUCTION In recent years, there is an ever-increasing demand and interest in the use of multimedia technology and applications in industry, government and academia. Multimedia is often seen by researchers as the next step forward in interfacing science, technology and community. Yet, the terminology of multimedia bears several meanings. It may refer to Compact Disc (CD), moving pictures or video-conferencing. The multimedia technology referred in this paper is the World Wide Web (WWW) hypertext publishing information system which was developed by and started at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Since the introduction of WWW, its use has increased dramatically within a couple of years in a widely diverse community including government departments, university and research establishments, and commercial organisations. It has significant influence to our communities and our daily lives. Yet, in most cases, applications of WWW services are largely restricted to electronic library referencelcatalogue search facilities, electronic mail systems, electronic conference and discussion systems, electronic news and publishing agents, and remote access to computing resources on the Internet. The primary objective of this paper is to exploit the potential of this multimedia technology as a simple, easy-to-use and effective means of telematics application in transportation research. It is hoped that initiatives are highlighted via this study and hence encourage participations and collaborations from different sectors of industries. In this paper, a brief history of WWW is given in section (2). An overview of the technical aspects in providing a WWW service is presented in section (3) in terms of computer hardware requirements, software installation, network connections, application maintenance and administration, and system security. Compared to most commercially available multimedia software in the market, WWW services are cheap to run, userfriendly and readily available to the public on the Internet. In order to exploit the potential of WWW on transportation research, a study was carried out and results of the findings are reported in section (4). To further substantiate the level of usefulness, two particular WWW applications were chosen amongst other web services and they are reported in section (5) for illustrative purposes. The selected applications are the 'Transportation Resources on the Internet' developed in mid-1994 in the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) at the University of Leeds in England, and the 'Southern California Real-Time Traffic Report' developed by Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. in collaboration with the California State Department of Transportation in the US. Finally, a set of issues are raised in section (6), highlighting the directions of future development of WWW as an easy-touse, cheap and effective multimedia telematics application on transportation

ПРО ОДНОГО ИЗ ЗАСНОВНИКІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАУКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ – ФІЗИКИ ПЛАЗМИ

У статті розглядається проблема становлення українського вченого у галузі фізики плазми та термоядерного синтезу Олега Олександровича Лаврентьєва – доктора фізико-математичних наук, заслуженого діяча науки і техніки України, розробника плазменних установок типу «Юпітер». Розкривається його роль у розвитку теорії плазми і практики її застосування у Харківському Фізико-технічному інституті. The article considers the problem of formation of the Ukrainian scientist in the branch of plasma physics and thermonuclear fusion Oleg Oleksandrovich Lavrent'ev – Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Honored Scientist of Ukraine, plasma installations creator of the «Jupiter». It expands its role in the development of plasma theory and its practical application at the Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology. On the history of the Soviet Union's nuclear and thermonuclear bombs written quite diverse and even monographs. The role of Soviet scientists, apart from western loans classified information reflected in them quite objectively. It cannot be said about the history of the CNF (controlled thermonuclear fusion) in our country.Fathers ideas fusion with magnetic confinement of hot plasma in fusion reactors is considered Sakharov and Tamm. Yes, it is true, but what if it is almost never mentioned the name of O.O. Lavrent'ev – this is definitely a great injustice. With 18 years went voluntarily to the front, was in intelligence. Independently overcame a year program for high school (three classes). Peredplachuvav journal «Physics-Uspekhi», which is intended for researchers, graduate students. In addition, he alone mastered differential and integral calculus course mechanics, heat, molecular physics, atomic physics electrodynamics. The value O.O. Lavrent'ev idea was to put forward his principle of operation of the hydrogen bomb deyteridom 6LiD lithium as the main nuclear fuel from uranium detonator, which is located in the center of the sphere filled 6LiD, in principle, gun rapprochement between the two subcritical masses of sharing material. In 1958 in Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology launched the first electrostatic «lovushka» C1 Oleg Lavrent'ev. Started successful research plasma define its parameters. Then secrecy was lifted fusion research, because it turned out that in the world were dozens of such devices. 1968 was a turning point in research activities O.O. Lavrent'ev. In Novosibirsk conference on plasma physics and controlled fusion of his work received international recognition. A year later, adopted a program of «Jupiter». Were built experimental one slit pulsed magnetic fields of the «Jupiter- 1A», «Jupiter-1M» and electrostatic field «Jupiter-1E

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